A powerpoint presentation based on Week # 5 of "Contrastive Linguistics & Error Analysis", an internal publication of Unindra

1. Presented by :
1. Andy Widiyanto 201012500653
2. Firdha Hanifah
201012500686
20122012

2.  Vowels are sounds which areVowels are sounds which are
produced with the vibration of air inproduced with the vibration of air in
the oral cavity.the oral cavity.
 All vowel sounds are voiced oralAll vowel sounds are voiced oral
sounds.sounds.
 The relationship of the vowels to oneThe relationship of the vowels to one
another is shown by the device knownanother is shown by the device known
as the Vector Triangle.as the Vector Triangle.

3. Vowel articulation is described using FOUR
parameters.
• Tongue Height
• Tongue Advancement
• Lip Rounding
• Tenseness
Parameters

4. front central back
high
mid
low
i
ε
ǽ
u
o
i
e
C

u
I
ε
α
ə
^
Ω
α
- English
- Indonesian

5. 1212 EnglishEnglish VowelsVowels
ɪɪ It,It, kit, bid,kit, bid, dutyduty
ee dress, bed, head, manydress, bed, head, many
ææ trap, badtrap, bad
ɒɒ lot, odd, washlot, odd, wash
ʌʌ strut, mud, love, bloodstrut, mud, love, blood
ʊʊ:: goose, two, blue, groupgoose, two, blue, group
ii:: fleece, sea, machinefleece, sea, machine
ɑːɑː start, fatherstart, father
ɔːɔː thought, law, north, warthought, law, north, war
ɜːɜː nurse, stir, learn, refernurse, stir, learn, refer
əə aabout, commbout, commoon, standn, standarardd
uu thank ythank youou, infl, influuence, sitence, situuationation
66 IndonesianIndonesian VowelsVowels
aa Bapak, sBapak, saakit, ayamkit, ayam
ii iibu,bu, iitu,tu, iilmulmu
uu uuntung,ntung, uujian, ljian, luupapa
ee eemosi,mosi, eenerginergi
oo oolahraga,lahraga, ootaktak
əə eelang, blang, beelajar, tlajar, teerbangrbang

6. i:i:
ɑɑ::
ɜɜ::
This is a longThis is a long /i://i:/ that Indonesians never say it with athat Indonesians never say it with a
little bit long duration. They may say it with a longlittle bit long duration. They may say it with a long /i://i:/
but they do not recognize this symbolbut they do not recognize this symbol
3 Difficult Sounds (Vowels)
Indonesian does not recognize this symbol exceptIndonesian does not recognize this symbol except
short a. English recognizes theshort a. English recognizes the /a://a:/ like in the wordlike in the word
fatherfather / fa:ðə(r) // fa:ðə(r) /..
This is a longThis is a long /ə://ə:/. Remember, however, that these. Remember, however, that these
two symbols do not have any relation. Comparetwo symbols do not have any relation. Compare //33:/:/ inin
birdbird / ’b/ ’b33:d/:d/ and ə inand ə in agoago / ə’gəu/ ə’gəu //

7. English vowel soundsEnglish vowel sounds are dividedare divided
into twointo two
go to example

8. VOWELS
English /ɪ/ /ʊ/ /ʌ/
/ɒ/
/o/
/ə/ /e/ /æ/
‘short’
Indonesian
I
i
U
u
A
a
O
o
E
e
ə
English /iː/ /uː/ /ɑː/
/ɔː/
/oː/
/ɜː/ ‘long’

9. Examples:
‘short’ vowels
/ɪ/ ship /ʃɪp/, pin /pɪn/
/ʊ/ book /bʊK/, put /pʊt/
/ʌ/ cup /kʌp/, brush /brʌ∫/
/ɒ/ or /o/ hot /hɒt/, clock /klɒk/
/ə/ a /ə/, of /əv/, camera /kæmərə/
/e/ ten /ten/, men /men/
/æ/ man /mæn/, cap /kæp/
BackBack

10. Examples:
‘long’ vowels
/iː/ see /siː/, sea /siː/
/uː/ boot /buːt/, june / dʒuːn/
/ɑː/ march /mɑːt∫/, heart /hɑːt/
/ɔː/ or /oː/ ball /bɔːl/, fork /fɔːk/
/ɜː/
girl /gɜːl/, work /wɜːk/,
hurt /hɜːt/, heard /hɜːd/ BackBack

11. Discover this phoneme. Try to focusDiscover this phoneme. Try to focus
on theon the soundsound of the word.of the word.
a.Tail - (tali)
b. gate – (gatel)
c. ate – (atap)
d. rake – (rak)
e.taken – (tekan)
What vowel sound is common in the words above? Click
here to find out.

12. Each of the words
without brackets has the
long “a” phoneme or
sound.

13. What vowel sound is common in the
list below?
a. See – (lihat)
b. three – (tiga)
c. speaking – (bicara)

14. Each word has the long /e/
phoneme or sound.
Each of the words
without in brackets has
the long “i” phoneme or
sound.

15. What vowel sound is common in the
following list?
a.Ten - (sepuluh)
b.send – (senter)

16. The long /e/ phoneme or
sound is common in the
list of words, without in
brackets.

17. a.go – (gosong)
b.Potatoes – (potong)
c.Overheard – (oper)
d.stone (stok)
What is the common vowel sound?

18. The long /o/ phoneme
or sound is represented
without in (brackets)
the words.

19. a. Cucumber – (cucu)
b. Beautiful – (buruk)
c. Cute – (kutek)
What vowel sound is
common in the list
below?

20. The long /u/ phoneme
or sound is common
without in bracket
each of the words.

21. Conclusion
Indonesian does not have vowel sound
symbols such as English. Indonesian
vowels make it difficult to use the
vowel into English vowels because of
differences in pronunciation and
voicing.

22. Thank you for your attention
II ffeeeel dl diizzyzzy Dj.....Dj.....

23. “Contrasting Indonesian &
English Vowels”
(this presentation is an excerpt
of week # 5 of “Contrastive
Linguistics & Error Analysis”, an
internal publication of Unindra)