Gates are operated manually by gate keepers. Lots of energy is required in order to push or pull the gate. Nowadays , no. of public as well as private vehicles are increasing rapidly, thereby increasing the no. of problems faced while parking them. Suppose a vehicle needs to be parked and enters a parking area without any prior knowledge of availability of vacant space for parking. If no vacancy is available; time ,fuel and money is lost abruptly and in return creates a lot of chaos inside the parking area. This project is designed so as to automatically open or close the gate when the vehicle arrives and to facilitate the vehicle parking without human intervention.

1. AUTOMATIC GATE CONTROL WITH DIGITAL
MONITORED PARKING AREA
PRESENTED BY:
PAPUMANI THAKURIA ETC-30/13
DIPANKAR HALOI ETC-40/13
JYOTISMITA BORO ETC-45/13
SAHIDUL ALOM BARBHUYIA ETC-62/14D
GUIDED BY:
Mr. Pranjal Das
Assistant Professor, JIST
Department of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering
Jorhat Institute of Science and Technology
Jorhat-10

2. INTRODUCTION
 Gates are operated manually by gate keepers. Lots of energy is
required in order to push or pull the gate.
 Nowadays , no. of public as well as private vehicles are increasing
rapidly, thereby increasing the no. of problems faced while parking
them.
 Suppose a vehicle needs to be parked and enters a parking area
without any prior knowledge of availability of vacant space for
parking.
 If no vacancy is available; time ,fuel and money is lost abruptly and in
return creates a lot of chaos inside the parking area.
 This project is designed so as to automatically open or close the gate
when the vehicle arrives and to facilitate the vehicle parking without
human intervention.

3. OBJECTIVE
 This project is designed so as to automatically open or close the gate when
a vehicle arrives thus reducing human effort.
 Vehicle parking has some issues as how to control the no. of vehicles inside
the parking area, how to monitor vehicle movement(inside/outside), how
to check whether there is place for more cars to park or not.
 The basic motivation of this project is to solve the above mention parking
issues by designing a monitoring system to control the parking area.

4. Block Diagram:

5. HOW IT WORKS?
 When a vehicle comes in front of the gate, the gate
sensor detects the vehicle which immediately checks for
vacant space in the parking lot with the help of
microcontroller.
 If all places are filled, the gate will not open.
 The status of each slot is being displayed on the LCD.
 A LED OFF in the slot indicates that it is vacant.
 If any vacant space is available, the gate will open for a
few seconds for the vehicle to enter and then close
automatically.
 The vacant space is specified on the LCD.

6.  After the vehicle gets parked, the IR sensor will sense the
presence of the vehicle which in turn changes the status in
the LCD.
 The LED gets ON in that slot indicating the presence of
vehicle.
 When a vehicle comes out from the slot, the sensor will
immediately detect that the slot is empty and shows the
corresponding status in the LCD.
 During exit process, when the vehicle arrives at the gate,
the exit sensor will detect the vehicle and the gate will
open for few seconds for the vehicle to exit and then close
automatically.

7. Circuit Diagram:

8. Hardware Equipment:
 Power Supply
 Microcontroller (AT89S52)
 Motor Driver
 DC Motor
 IR transmitter and receiver
 Liquid Crystal Display (LCD)
Software use:
 Simulator.
 ProgISP

9. MICRO CONTROLLER
 Compatible with MCS-51 products.
 8K Bytes of in-system programmable (ISP) flash memory.
 4.0V to 5.5V operating range.
 Crystal frequency 11.0592MHZ.
 256×8-bit internal RAM.
 32 programmable i/o lines.
 Three 16-bit Timer/Counters.
 Eight interrupt sources.
 Full duplex UART serial channel.
 Watchdog Timer.

10. LCD (Liquid Crystal Display):
 Most common LCDs connected to the microcontrollers are 16x2 and
20x2 displays.
 This means 16 characters per line by 2 lines and 20 characters per line
by 2 lines, respectively.
 If an 8-bit data bus is used the LCD will require 11data lines
3 control lines plus the 8 lines for the data bus.

11. MOTOR DRIVER(L293D)
 L293D is a typical Motor driver or Motor Driver IC which allows DC motor to
drive on either direction.
 It is a 16-pin IC which can control a set of two DC motors simultaneously in
any direction
 In L293D chip there are two h-Bridge circuit inside the IC which can rotate
two dc motor independently.
Truth table:
EN IN2 IN1 FUNCTION
High Low Low Stop
High Low High Turn Clockwise (Forward)
High High Low Turn Anticlockwise(Reverse)
High High High Stop

12. DC-MOTOR:
 A DC motor is a rotatory electrical machine that converts direct current
into mechanical energy.
 A DC motor is an electric motor that runs on direct current (DC) electricity.
In any electric motor, operation is based on simple electromagnetism.
 A simple 2-pole DC electronic motor (here red represents a magnet or
winding with a “North” polarization, while green represents a magnet or
winding with a “South” polarization).
 Every DC motor has six basic parts— axle, rotor (a.k.a., armature), stator,
commutator , field magnet(s) and brushes.

13. IR SENSOR
 The basic concept of an infrared sensor which is used as obstacle detector is
to transmit an infrared signal .This infrared signal bounces from the surface
of an object and the signal is received at the infrared receiver .
 The working of any IR sensor is governed by 3 laws
a. Planck’s Radiation law
b. Stephaen-boltzmann law
c. Wien’s Displacement law

14. SOFTWARE USE:
Simulator
 KEIL μVision is an integrated development environment used to create
software to be run on embedded systems (like a microcontroller).
 It allows for such software to be written either in assembly or C programming
languages and for that software to be simulated on a computer before being
loaded onto the microcontroller.
It encapsulates the following components:
 A project manager.
 A make facility.
 Tool configuration.
 Editor.
 A powerful debugger.

15. ProgISP
ProgISP is a software that is used to burn the desired hex file into the
microcontroller .
The advantage of ProgISP is that it is very easy to use and thus is very
friendly.
Moreover the burning time required for this process is very minimum .
Some of its features are listed below:
 Can be used for programming all AVR chips
 Provides support for custom parallel download programming
 Suitable for USBASP programmer
 Custom programming chip ,programming fuse information message
 For high voltage programming
 Possible offline download

16. Experimental Setup:

17. Flow Chart:

18. Algorithm
Our project is based on the following algorithm:
1. Initialize all parameter.
2. First when vehicle comes in front of Gate entry sensor (IR 4), it goes high.
3. Check for available space.
4. If all placed are filled then gate remain close .shows status of slot in LCD
as
1. FILLED
2. FILLED
3. FILLED
5. IF any places are vacant then gate opened for 10 sec and & display status of
vacant slot in LCD as empty.
6. when vehicle comes near to gate exit sensor(IR5), it goes high & then gate
opened for 10 sec.
7. Repeat step 2 to step 6.
8. Exit.

19. Advantages:
 This project finds high practical and widespread use.
 Low cost of design circuit.
 Saves time for searching parking slot.
 Saves manpower.
 Simple structure.
 Simple operation.
 It can be constructed and implemented in residential area.
Application:
 This project can be used for parking system in any shopping mall, multiplex.
 Can be used for industries, commercial offices and educational institutes.

20. Future Development:
 This can be expanded in the sense of security. Using metal detectors and
CCTV cameras, security of the parking area can be enhanced.
 Visitor counter, card system to auto payment.

21. CONCLUSION:
 As number vehicles are increasing rapidly, so monitoring and controlling of parking system
is very important.
 Our project basically deals with this problem.
 Our project is based on microcontroller AT89S52, IR sensors, motor and 16 x 2 LCD.
 Our project solely lays emphasis on automatically opening/closing the gate when a vehicle
arrives and digitally monitor the parking area.
 It reduces the time taken to check the available space by displaying the exact location
where the space for parking is available on the LCD ,displayed at the entrance ,by using IR
sensors; thus reducing the human effort to a great extent.
 The simplicity in the usage of circuit helps it to be used by a large number of people, for
people with less knowledge of hardware can also use it without facing any problem.

22. BIBLIOGRAPHY:
 Operational Amplifiers Linear Integrated Circuits by Ramakant Gayakwad,
Prentice Hall of India, 3rd Edition.
 Journal of Management and Sustainability; Vol. 2, No. 2; 2012, ISSN 1925-4725
E-ISSN 1925-4733, Published by Canadian Center of Science and Education.
 “BASIC ELECTRONICS &LINEAR CIRCUITS” by NN BHARGAVA, DC KULSHRETHA,
SC GUPTA, Tata Mc Graw -Hill Publishing Company Limited, p.126-161, 2004.
 The 8051 Microcontroller and Embedded System 2nd Edition by Mazidi
Muhammad Ali– (PEARSON Education), New Delhi.
 http//www.slideshare.com
 http/www.ijcttjournal.org

23. THANK YOU