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Peace builders
and Figures of Resistance
against Israeli Occupation
in Palestine
3 – since 1950
Étienne Godinot - 26.08.2019
Translation : Claudia McKenny-Engström
Dominique Vidal
Born in 1950, his father escapes Auschwitz, his mother is a
“luggage bearer” during the Algerian war. Historian, journalist and
French writer, he specialises in the Middle East and Israeli-Palestinian
conflict. In 1995, joins the permanent team of the Monde Diplomatique
: editor in chief and then responsible for the international editions and
development.
Middle East specialist, namely the Israeli-Palestinian conflict and
author of a synthesis of German contemporary historians having
researched on the Holocaust.
“Since 1947, when Palestine was recognised by the UN as
State, negotiations between Palestinians and Israelis fail: dialogue is
impossible between a pot of earth and a pot of metal. This negotiations
will be made possible thanks to an international will to frame it.”
Amos Gvirtz
Born in 19??, founder of association Israelis and
Palestinians for Non-Violence, former Israeli representative of the
International Fellowship of Reconciliation (IFOR) and president of
the Committee Against House Demolitions. Defends, among others,
the right of Israeli native Bedouins in the Negev.
Every week, delivers his information about the non-published
events affecting Palestinian and Bedouin communities to an
international public within his publication “Don’t say we did not
know”.
“ The Israeli right-wing government prefers violence, which it
is sure to win. We, the citizens of Israel, have the choice between an
endless war and all it carries of sufferance and death, and a struggle
that does not endanger our lives or our security. Nonviolence
essentially consists in respecting the life and existence of the
adversary. In other words, from the moment when Hamas abandons
violence in favour of nonviolence in its pursuit of justice for the
Palestinian people, it also abandons the desire to destroy us.”
Amos Gitaï
Born in 1950, Israeli film maker, he directs 80 films. Studies
architecture in Haifa and later Berkeley (California).
Adolescent, he is already engaged and criticises his country’s politics.
Young soldier, he is sent to fight in the Golan in 1973;
Exiled in France from 1983 to 1993 after his film House is forbidden in
Israel.
“ Imperfect agreements are always better than a perfect war (…).
Look, Europe is now commemorating the 100th Anniversary of the First
World War. It will have taken two savage wars to turn it into an open
peaceful continent. Why would we not be able to do the same? (…)
Rabin is the first politician who recognised in his Memoirs that Israel had
chased the Arabs in 1948. He did what a real political leader must do with
his people: talk to them without lying (…).
We must recognise historical facts, and then look for political
solutions.”
Radi Jaraï
Palestinian, born in 1951; studies agronomy; former teacher.
Member of Fatah; is imprisoned from 1974 to 1985, and again twice, for
his links with the execution of the first Intifada, adding up to 12 and a half
years imprisonment. Member of the Palestinian delegation to the Madrid
Conference in 1991; signatory of the Geneva Agreements.
Directs a rehabilitation programme for political prisoners. Professor
of Political Science at Al-Quds University.
“ We shouldn’t have militarised the Intifada, we should have
mobilised the people, to show the whole world and Israelis, that we are
only asking for our freedom, without weapons or explosives (…).
We must find a solution because neither of the two people can
destroy the other. I don’t want my children to follow the same paths as I
did (…). It is stupid to remain hateful and violent towards one another. If
peace prevails in Palestine, borders won’t matter much, as it is the case
today in Europe.”
Gideon Levy
Born in 1953, Israeli journalist and writer, member of the Haaretz
daily newspaper editorial board. Writes a weekly chronicle on the
activities of the Israeli army under the title Twilight Zone. Defines
himself as an Israeli patriot.
“ Whoever cares about the country’s future must now be in favour
of economic boycott. Boycott is the less of evils and could have
historical repercussions. It is the less violent option with the lowest
chances of resulting in a blood bath. It would be painful, as all others,
but the others would be worse (…).
Until Israelis pay the price of the occupation, or at least do not
make the link between cause and effect, they will have no reason to
put an end to it (…).
In parallel to dehumanisation and demonisation of Palestinians
and Arabs, people here are brainwashed by a nationalistic discourse
that does not enable them to recover their spirits.”
Susan Nathan
Born in 1953 in England in a Jewish family. One of the few Jews to live
in Tamra, amongst 30 000 Muslims, town lead by a fundamentalist mayor.
Denounces the segregation between Jews and Palestinian citizens
living in Israel (one million), descendents of Palestinians having stayed in
Israel after the 1948 war, when a vast majority of them were chased away.
“ It is simply not possible to chase away thousands of Palestinians from
their homes, as we did in 1948, and then decided to forget about. As South
Africa, we need a Commission for Truth and Reconciliation (…).
The Jewish left only sees a solution in two States for two people. What I
do, showing that Arabs and Jews can live together, proves that is not the
only solution! (…).
There must be one single bi-national State. It will eventually happen.”
Norman Finkelstein
Born in 1953, son of Jewish Warsaw ghetto survivors,
American political expert and professor. Studies in Binghamton
University in New York, and then at the École pratique des Hautes
Études in Paris; Doctor in political science from Princeton University.
Denounces hasty generalisations and anti-Semite accusations
made by some Jewish organisations towards those opposing Israel’s
politics. Member of the Russell Tribunal on Palestine committee.
“ When a conflict persists over such a long period of time, a
great number of individuals and institutions develop a direct interest,
not in its resolution, but in its perpetuation (…).
For something to happen, it must stem from the Palestinians in
occupied territories.”
Yitzhak Frankenthal
Born in 19??, Israeli, Orthodox Jew. In July 1994, his son Arik,
then 19, who was fighting in the Israeli army, is captured and killed
by Hamas. Rich business man, he sells off his business and uses
the money collected to create, in 1995, the Parents Circle - Families
Forum. This association of grieving parents, Palestinian and Israeli,
and dedicated to the reconciliation of both people, gathers today
over 500 families.
Later founds the Arik Institute for Tolerance, Reconciliation and
Peace that demands the end of the military occupation of
Palestinian territories by Israel.
“ So long as we do not see that the occupation of Palestinian
land is a form of terrorism, we will not understand the Palestinians.
And if we do not understand them, we will never reach a peace with
them, only terrorism and war.”
Mustafa Barghouti
Born in 1954, Palestinian politician. Palestinian Authority
Presidential candidate in 2005, to which he arrives second after
Mahmud Abbas. Never stopped criticising the Palestinian Liberation
Organisation and the Palestinian Authority for their corruption and
acceptance of terrorism.
Considers nonviolent resistance as the best way to end
Israeli occupation. Defends a peace with Israel based on a two State
solution, with a Palestinian State spreading on the territories occupied
by Israel during the Six Day War, East Jerusalem as capital city and
the right to return for refugees, according to rules set and agreed by
both parties.
In 2005, the “Independent Palestine” list, for which he is the
first candidate, promises to combat corruption and nepotism, to bring
down the “apartheid wall” and to “provide a real democratic and
independent third way for a large majority of silent and unrepresented
Palestinian voters, which favours neither the autocracy and corruption
of the party in power, the Fatah, nor the Hamas fundamentalism.”
Meron Rapoport
Awni al-Mashni
M.R, born in 1954, is an Israeli journalist and writer, who
receives the Naples Prize for journalism thanks to an investigation led
on the theft of olive trees from their Palestinian owners. Former director
of the information service of the Haaretz newspaper, he is today an
independent journalist.
A.a.M, born in 1957, is a Palestinian born in a refugee camp in
Bethlehem, and member of the Fatah.
Co-founders with others, namely poet Eliaz Cohen, of the
organisation Two States, One Homeland – Together and Separate,
which advocates for the creation of two sovereign States, Israel and
Palestine, with two citizenships, and open borders, to allow the people
to keep their house or live wherever he or she pleases.
“ Eretz Israel-Palestine is a shared homeland for two people – the
Jews and the Palestinians, and both people are attached to their land by
deep historical, religious and cultural links.
A new vision must rise : a vision that should be founded on
equality in a common land and the mutual respect and recognition of
identity, spaces and the political rights of both people.
•../..
Meron Rapoport
Awni al-Mashni
Eliaz Cohen
In those States, both nations will bee based on the 4th June 1967
lines and the total end of the occupation.
The Palestinian State will be free to enjoy their right to self-
determina-tion and the border between them will naturalise Palestinian
refugees as it wishes and Israel will be free to naturalise Jews from the
diaspora as it wishes.
Permanent Israeli residents in Palestine will enjoy their right to
vote in the Israeli Parliament and permanent Palestinian residents in
Israel will enjoy their right to vote the Palestinian Parliament.
Jerusalem will be the capital of both States (…) Jerusalem will be
a shared city, open to citizens of both States; a special municipal regime
will be put in place to administer the city together and equally for both
people, with representatives from the monotheist religions and the
international community.”
Photo below : Poet Eliaz Cohen
Ilan Pappé
Born in 1954, Israeli historian, form professor in political science
at the University of Haifa (1984-2007). Was forced to exile to England.
Professor at the Social Sciences and International Studies University
of Exeter.
Is one of the “new historians” who critically re-examined the
history of Israel and Zionism. Considers that the Palestinian exodus
can be compared to an ethnic cleansing organised and planned by
David ben Gourion and always wanted by the Zionist movement.
Defends the idea of a single bi-national State for Palestinians and
Israelis.
“ Making life impossible, restraining economic possibilities,
reducing development capacities : these new strategies function even
better combined with the refusal to negotiate with Palestinians.”
David Grossman
Born in 1954, his father is a Jewish refugee from Poland. Israeli
writer, amongst the most famous ones. Studies philosophy and theatre,
former radio journalist, novelist, he writes essays and books for youth.
His book The Yellow Wind, which describes the suffering imposed
on Palestinians by Israel’s military occupation, causes him to be treated
as traitor by the Prime Minister at the time, Yitzhak Shamir. Signs the
Geneva Agreements. Speaks Arabic.
In August 2006, together with writers Amos Oz and Avraham
Yehoshua, calls the Israeli government to accept the cease-fire. In June
2010, denounces Israeli army boats boarding and inspecting pro-
Palestinian boats in the waters off Gaza.
“ The occupation is a poison that penetrates all systems. What are
the consequences on people, their relationship with others, their self-
esteem ? (…) It is easy not to want to know what it does.”
../..
David Grossman
“ When you have the possibility to abuse of your authority on
someone, you need to have a superior moral conscience to not take
advantage of that power, of that arbitrary. There is a diabolic temptation
in that evil that can push you to use it against someone weaker.”
For the dominated one “it is very easy to transform this anxiety into
hatred.”
“ To avoid from collaborating with a system of evil and a reality of
misfortune, to not become a cog in this machine, a Man must protect
himself from the routine of evil (…). At each decision taken, linked to the
arbitrary or misfortune, he must put it into question, each time under a
different angle. He must check if it matches valid objectives, or if it is a
fruit of this routine.”
“ The silent majority of these two people is ready to compromise,
but it is the hostage of extremism on both sides.”
Eran Riklis
Born in 1954, Israel scriptwriter and film maker who grew up in
the USA, Canada and Brazil. He graduates from the National Film
School in Beaconsfield, UK.
In his film The Lemon Trees (2008), depicts an obstinate
Palestinian woman who fights against a Defence Minister wanting to cut
down hundred year old trees.
In his film The second son, he shows the life of Israeli Arabs,
integrated in the Jewish population, but victims of daily segregations
and ostracisms.
In Zaytoun (2013), shows the unexpected encounter of a young
Palestinian refugee and an Israeli fighter pilot. His film My son (2014)
also deals with the complex subject of Israeli Arabs.
“ There are no films where all is black or white. If that is what the public
is looking for, I rather go for technicolor. If I have to take sides, I will
choose humanity’s side. Even if men make extreme choices, because I
believe that there is always and in everyone, humanity.”
Izzeldin Abuelaïsh
Palestinian born in 1955, gynaecologist and obstetrician having
graduated from Harvard in public health, he lives in Toronto. First
Palestinian doctor having obtained a position in an Israeli hospital.
In 2009, three of his daughters and his niece are killed in Gaza
during an Israeli “Cast Lead” operation. Refusing to fall into hatred,
chooses to continue, in the name of his daughters, his struggle for
peace, and created the foundation Daughters for life that promotes the
education of girls in the Middle East.
‟ We are Siamese brothers. Any violence committed towards
one touches the other. I am against any form of violence, wherever it
comes from, from soldiers, Israeli colonists or Palestinians. Because
violence never brings justice.”
Nazmi Al-Jubeh
Palestinian born in 1955. Is imprisoned during a total of five years
in Israel for having created a student union, having participated in
demonstrations or youth exchanges with Israelis in kibbutz’. Palestinian
historian and archaeologist, professor at the Bir-Zeit (Ramallah) university,
co-director of Riwaq, Centre for Architectural Conservation.
Currently works in the restoration of old buildings in Palestine,
dating back to Muslim and Ottoman times.
Expert in the negotiations about Jerusalem, participated in the Oslo
process and in the drafting of the Geneva Initiative.
“ By continuing to build settlings, we are making the conflict even more
complex (…). I hope both people will think with their heads, and put
themselves in the other’s shoes. Israelis must think about what they would
accept or refuse in the Palestinians’ stead. And Palestinians must do the
same. If each one could do so, all would be simple.”
Photo below : Riwaq logo
Avraham Burg
Born in 1955, Israeli politician, he presides the Knesset from
1999 to 2003. His objective is to de-Judaize Israel. Supports the idea
according to which the Jews were not “elected” by the Lord, which
would mean to say that other nations belong to “inferior races”.
In July 2010, creates a new Jewish-Arab party, Shyian Yisrael
(Equality Israel) that “demands full equality for all inhabitants of Israel,
the kind of equality we demand for all Jews within the Diaspora,
wherever they live.”
“A racist cancer is eating us up (…). The definition of Israel as
Jewish State is leading to its loss. The Jewish State is explosive. It is
dynamite (…).
“ For me, the construction of the European Union, is biblical
utopia at it quintessence. I don’t know how long it will hold, but the idea
is incredibly Jewish.’
Ron Pundak
Israeli born in 1955 of Danish Jewish parents, historian (PhD
in London) and ex-journalist, he specialises in the Middle East.
Played an important role in the launch of the Oslo peace
process in 1993, and in the Geneva Agreements in 2003.
Initiates economic cooperation projects with Palestinians
within the association Economic Cooperation Foundation. Since 2001,
directs the Peres Centre for Peace in Tel Aviv, created in 1997.
“ The daily situation is getting worse, but people understand
the situation better than before, the conflicts, refugees, colonies, etc.
We have to shatter the myths ! The hope I express rests on a deep
reality, today repressed by a daily life ruled by extremists.”
Photo : Peres Centre for Peace in Tel Aviv, supports medical care for Palestinian
children, the development of agricultural projects, cultural and sports activities
combined with an education to peace.
Jamal Zahalka
Born in 1955, Israeli Arab politician, member of the Balad party
and member of the Knesset. Accuses Israeli leaders to hold a
discourse encouraging separation with Israeli Arab, and even transfer.
Also accuses Israel of applying apartheid towards Palestinians
in Palestine and Gaza.
“ We are becoming a minority of under-citizens, we live in the
situation of an endangered minority. There are more and more laws
voted against us. The politics that we endure, akin the destruction of
houses, land grabbing, discrimination, poverty… are extremely
shocking. We should be involved in the global solution to the conflict.
Only international public opinion has the power to really stop these
excesses.”
Nafez Assaily
Palestinian born in 1956. Sufi Muslim, studies in Christian
schools and later in Nablus University (English and sociology), PhD in
Washington. His family is evicted by the Israeli colony Givat Arsina.
In a demonstration in 1990 in front of the Al Aqsa Mosque
against the death of a Palestinian the day before in the same place,
loses an eye.
Founder of the Literacy on Wheels for Nonviolence and Peace
(LOWNP), in Hebron, a nonviolence library bus, and of the House for
Nonviolence. Recommends the purchase of locally produced organic
food to develop Palestinian economy, and reconciliation between
families.
“ There is no other choice for Palestinians than a nonviolent
struggle.”
Amira Hass
Israeli born is 1956, she is the daughter of two Holocaust
survivors. Journalist and author, she writes for Ha’aretz. Lives in
Ramallah (Palestine) after having lived in Gaza. Describes Israeli
convoluted administrative procedures, restrictions to free movement,
difficulties to work normally.
Criticises Israeli politics towards Palestinians, but also
Palestinian leaders. During the Intifada years, publishes a series of
articles on chaos and disorder provoked by militias linked to Yasser
Arafat’s part Fatah and the bloody war between Palestinian factions in
Nablus.
“ Throwing stones is a concrete act of resistance as well as a
symbolic act (…).
I believe that is the end, the Jews – my Jewish community – will
pay a very heavy price if we do not rapidly end this discrimination.”
Ibrahim Khreishi
Palestinian born in 1956, family if Jordan. Studies medicine and
later political science and international relations in Yugoslavia. Member
of the Fatah Council and the Central Council of the PLO. After 1989, in
Tunisia, presides the association representing Palestinian youth.
After 1994, in Palestine, directs the trade union department of the
PLO. Signs the Geneva Agreements.
“ The return of all refugees in Israel would mean the end of Israel.
It is neither realistic nor acceptable to bring back 4 and half million
Palestinians to Israel: for that we would need to throw Israelis at sea.
I try to convince Palestinians that the solution that lies on two States is
our political objective. It implies that Israel continues to exist. From
there on, let’s look for a realistic solution (…).
Photo below : PLO logo, the Palestine Liberation Organisation
Ghassan Andoni
Neta Golan
Palestinian Christian born in 1956, physics professor at the Bir
Zeit University, advocates for nonviolent resistance to the Israeli
occupation of Palestine.
Cofounder in 2001, together with Israeli Neta Golan and
Palestinian-American (USA) Huweida Arraf, of the ‘International
Solidarity Movement’ (ISM). Founder of the International Middle East
Media Centre and director of the Palestinian Center for Rapproche-
ment between Peoples (PCR). During the First Intifada, is imprisoned
for having participated in the fiscal uprising in Beit Sahour. In 2006, is
nominated for the Nobel Peace Prize by the American Friends Service
Committee together with Jeff Halper from the Israeli Committee
Against House Demolitions (ICAHD).
Palestinian-American (USA) Huweida Arraf and Jewish-
American (USA) Adam Shapiro joined the movement in 2002.
“ The ISM aims at putting an end to violence by actively resisting
the occupation using nonviolent means. The Israeli government has
been working to crush Palestinian resistance for a long time, making it
very difficult for Palestinians to act non-violently on a big scale.”
Photo below : Neta Golan
Ofer Bronchtein
Franco-Israeli born in 1957. In the 1990’ councils Israeli labour party
Secretary General and vice Prime Ministers. Former collaborator of Prime
Minister Yizhtak Rabin, special delegate in Tunis for the preparation and
organisation of the Oslo Agreements. Co-founder in 2001 of the
International Forum for Peace (IFP, logo below left) with Anis Al Qaq, then
representative of the Palestinian Authority in Switzerland.
The objective of the IFP is to support all concrete measures that
aim at establishing the basis for a future and sustainable peace between
the two people.
“ We know the parameters of an exit : the creation of a Palestinian
State, Jerusalem as capital of both Palestine and Israel, a fair, just and
negotiated solution on the subject of refugees, and passable borders
between the two countries.”
.. / ..
Ofer Bronchtein
“ On the 5% of Palestinian territories occupied by Israel in 1967, there must be
an exchange of land. The majority of colonists live on 5% of occupied territories.
Some of these must be enabled to stay where they live, but Israel must exchange an
equal quantity of land and at equal value with Palestinians, either in the south of
Israel to enlarge Gaza, or in the north to enlarge Palestine. This would be a strong
choice as it would mean 450 000 colonists would enter international irregularity.”
“A bi-national State is not possible today. The solution long term seems, to
me, to rest in an Israeli-Palestinian confederation, that could include Jordan, but that
must go through the stage of two States.”
Photo : Palestine and Jordan from 1923 to 1947.
Ofer Bronchtein
“ There are 500 000 Palestinians in South America. They
don’t want to come back: all that matters to them, is to obtain a
Palestinian passport.”
“ If we reach a real peace, two States and open borders,
we can imagine a confederation between Palestine and Israel,
maybe with Jordan. That is the path of the future.”
“ Palestine is totally devastated. And in Israel, something
within Israelis is broken: security, the vision of others, respect. We
have a lot to rebuild on both sides for a better future.”
“ Suicide bombings are absolutely unacceptable, and what’s
more, totally useless.”
Photo : Ofer Bronchtein (Israeli, former collaborator of Itzhak Rabin) is given
an honorific Palestinian passport by Mahmud Abbas, Palestinian Authority
President, in April 2011
Anis Al-Qaq
Palestinian born in 19??. Studies dental surgery in Syria
and England. Works as dentist for 20 years in East Jerusalem.
Founder in 1984 of the first Palestinian national theatre and in
1989 of the NGO Health Services Council. Coordinates
Palestinian NGO, and is later Secretary of State for International
Cooperation in charge of the relations between the Palestinian
Authority and international organisations.
Together with Ofer Bronchtein, whom he befriended after
the Oslo agreements in 1993, initiates the Israeli-Palestinian
Parliamentary Forum and in 2002, the International Peace
Forum. In 2003, is named ambassador of the Palestinian
Authority in Bern, Switzerland.
“ I believe that Palestine and the rest of the Arab world
need to study the Holocaust, and in consequence, this subject
should be included in history books.”
Photo : The Holocaust (catastrophe)
Mazin Qumsiyeh
Palestinian, born in 1957, researcher in biology and genetics,
professor at Bethlehem and Bir-Zeit, after having taught in the USA.
President of the Centre for Rapprochement Between People. Important
figure of the popular resistance, in which he takes active part and
organises, collaborates with many civil society peace movements.
His book A popular history of Palestinian Resistance synthesises
a huge amount of information from a variety of original sources with the
aim of presenting a thorough study of civil resistance in Palestine.
“A strong book that reveals human suffering provoked by the
destruction of the Palestinian people (whose) methods of resistance,
based on active nonviolence, deserve to be known by the international
community.”
Mairead Maguire
Marwan Barghouti
Born in 1959, Palestinian politician. At the age of 18, is
arrested by Israel for his activist involvement in pro-Palestinian
groups, learns Hebrew in prison. Holds a Bachelor in history and
political science and a Masters in international relations.
One the main leaders of the first Intifada (uprising) in 1987. Is
elected in the Palestinian legislative Council in 1996, where he
defends the need to establish peace with Israel. Secretary General
of the Fatah for Palestine, leads campaigns against corruption and
human rights within the Fatah. Chief of Tanzim, armed section of
the Fatah, during the second Intifada. Escapes, in 2001, an
attempted assassination by Israeli secret services. Is arrested and
imprisoned in 2002.
Sentenced in June 2004 to life imprisonment for the
assassination of five Israeli civilians. Incarcerated in 2002 in the
Israeli high security prison of Hadarim (photo below).
.. / ..
Marwan Barghouti
Has always condemned attacks against civilians. From his cell,
invites Palestinians to national reconciliation and initiates the
Document of Palestinian prisoners, proposing to form a coalition
government, also calls to a cease-fire and to a negotiation with Israel
on the basis of the 1967 borders.
In April 2012, sentenced by the Palestinian authorities for
having called for “pacifist popular resistance.” Often compared to
Nelson Mandela.
“ The apartheid did not survive in South Africa, and the
apartheid will not survive in Palestine.” M.B.
“ A man who, in his prison cell, plays and will play, it is certain,
once freed, a major role to move the lines and open new relations with
Israel.”
Isabelle Durant, Vice President of the European Parliament
Portrait of M. Barghouti on the separation wall in Kalandia
Marwan Barghouti
“I call the Palestinian people to launch a wide civil
disobedience movement against the Israeli occupation.”
(15 May 2017)
“The apartheid did not survive in South Africa and will
not survive in Palestine.”
“A hunger strike is the most peaceful form of
resistance. It only inflicts pain on those who participate in
it and their loved ones, in the hope that their empty
stomachs and sacrifice will allow their message to echo
beyond the walls of their dark cells.”
“A man who from his prison, plays and will play, will
certainly, once freed, play a major role in shifting
positions and opening new relations with Israel.”
Isabelle Durand, Vice-President of the EU
Parliament
Ameer Mackhoul
and Janan Abdu
A.M, born in 1959, Christian Palestinian and citizen of Israel,
director of Ittijah, Union of Arab Community-Based Associations.
Arrested in May 2010 by the Israeli police. Is sentenced in January
2011 to 9 years imprisonment for having “collaborated with
terrorists” due to his support to non recognised villages in Neguev
and for having worked in a Palestinian union against the occupation.
After a hunger strike, is transferred from the Gilboa to Meggido
close to Haifa.
J.A, A., M’s wife, former social worker, studied law in order to
defend political prisoners. Coordinates the “Prisoners rights” project
at the Arab Association for Human Rights. This association raises
public opinion’s awareness of the situation of 4 700 political
prisoners and has led to international solidarity actions.
Eitan Bronstein Aparicio
and Éléonore Merza Bronstein
• E.B.A., born in Argentinian 1960, emigrates to Israel at the age of 5. Serves
in the Israeli army and 3 times, refuses to serve as reserve soldier in
Lebanon and Palestine. Studies hermeneutics at Bar Ilan University. In
2001, founds Zochrot( in Hebrew “They remember”), and organisation based
in Tel Aviv and dedicated to the memory of the Nakba (“catastrophe” in Arab,
referring to the 1948 exodus of 750 000 Palestinians chased from their
homes and villages).
E.M.B., French, her mother if Jewish Algerian-Alsatian mother and her father
Syrian, is chased from the Golan by the Israeli army. Is a political anthropologist.
In 2015, the co-found De-Colonizer, an alternative research centre, virtual
and trilingual (French, Hebrew and English) laboratory, which looks beyond political
and symbolic borders, creating a new extra-territorial space using different types of
tools and projects, in order to support all those who wish to live together in a true
equality between Palestine and Israel.
They believe Israel must recognise its historical responsibility in the eviction
of Palestinians, and repair this injustice by granting all refugees and unalienable
right to return.
../..
Eitan Bronstein Aparicio
and Éléonore Merza Bronstein
They are the authors of a map entitled “Colonialism in
desctru(a)ction,” which lists all the Palestinian, Jewish and Syrian
localities destroyed since the first wave of Zionist migration (end of
XIXth Century): 750 000 Palestinians and 130 000 Syrians were
displaced.
The localities destroyed before 1948 are marked in blue, the
1948 destructions in red, and the 1967-2016 destructions in green.
All together, 801 Palestinian localities, 194 Syrian localities and 44
Jewish localities have been destroyed since the beginning of the
XIXth Century.
Thanks to the tight collaboration with researcher Ariella
Azoulay, this map lists for the first time the non-aggressive initiatives
that existed between Jewish and Palestinian villages, a type of
solidarity that existed before 1948 and that was destroyed by
Zionism.
In 2012, for the first time, a public commemoration of the Nakba
was organised in Tel Aviv University by Jewish and Palestinian
students, in spite of the 2011 Israeli Law that forbids it.
Dror Moreh
Born in 1961, Israeli film maker. His film The Gatekeepers (2012)
is awarded best documentary at the 85th Academy Awards. It is a
compilation of interviews of former Israeli secret services directors who
recount their experiences at the head of the Shin Beth : Ami Ayalon, Avi
Dichter, Yuval Diskin, Carmi Gillon, Yaakov Peri and Avraham Shalom.
Very critical towards the politics led by their governments (except
the one of Yitzhak Rabin), they talk about the errors, tortures,
unrighteous methods and recruitment of informers, that amplified the
hatred of the occupied population.
They all defend the idea of a radical political change in Israel : the
search for peace and recognition of the Palestinian State, as soon as
possible.
“ We have won all the battles, but we have lost the war !”
Ami Ayalon
“ When you leave Shin Beth, we become a leftist…”
Yaakov Peri
Gadi Algazi
Born in 1961. Refuznik, he is imprisoned during 10 months for
having refused to serve on occupied territories in 1979. He is freed
thanks to a citizens’ campaign in his favour. With a History PhD from
the University of Göttingen (Germany), he is Professor of Medieval
History at Tel Aviv University.
Co-founder and animator of the Judeo-Arab movement
Taayoush (or Ta’ayush, “living together” in Arabic) created in 2000.
This movement, network of several Palestinian and Israeli
organisations, combines nonviolent actions with reflection, in order to
fight against the Israeli occupation of Palestine and the escalation of
violence between Israel and Palestine.
Taayoush sometimes brings together groups of Israelis to help
Palestinians harvest olives and to protect them. It helps Palestinians
contact lawyers, journalists, tries to alert the international community
on exactions committed by the colonisers, gives video
material to Palestinians for them to testify against abuses.
Miko Peled
Israeli born in 1961, son of General Mattityahu Peled (1923-1995),
who was a peace activist and one of the main partisans of a dialogue
between Israel and the PLO, in favour of the retreat from occupied
territories. Miko’s access to Israeli archives allowed him, in 2002, to
publish a book denouncing the war crimes committed by his country.
Karate instructor in San Diego (USA), trains to leadership and nonviolent
resolution of conflicts through martial arts, teaches karate to Palestinian
children in refugee camps.
Co-founder of the Elbanna-Peled Foundation, based in Coronado
(California), that supports grassroots organisations that strives for the
nonviolent resolution of conflicts. Supports the Boycott, Disinvestment,
Sanctions (BDS) movement against Israeli occupation.
“ For many nations, the separation wall must be destroyed, the
Israeli control over Palestinians must stop, a secular democracy where
Israelis and Palestinians live as equals must be established in our
common homeland.”
Alexis Keller
Swiss, born in 1962, Doctor in Political Science, professor of
Law at Geneva University. Receives his education in Cambridge (UK),
invited to teach at the Kennedy School of Government (Harvard, USA)
and Sciences-Po (Paris, France).
Is one of the main Swiss instigators of the Geneva Agreements
(1st December 2003) for a rapprochement between Israelis and
Palestinians, complementary to the Roadmap defined by the Quartet
(UN, EU, USA and Russia) on the basis of a two-State solution.
“ In July-August 2003, I had the impression that the negotiations
would never reach an agreement. Both parties continued to stumble on
the same problems, such as the return of refugees or the
establishment of borders. I told them about my doubts and warned
them that I would withdraw soon if a decisive step was not taken.”
Mitri Raheb
Born in 1962, Palestinian Christian, doctor in Theology from the
University of Marburg (Germany). Minister for the Lutheran Evangelical
Church and founder and president of the Diyar consortium, a group of
ecumenical Lutheran institutions working in the Bethlehem region (Dar
Annadwa Addawliyya, meeting centre, health centre; Dar Al Kalim,
artistic college).
Honorary doctorate from the Concordia University in Chicago
(2003) for his “exceptional contribution to Christian education through his
research and publications” and for his “interreligious work in favour of the
establishment of peace between Israel and Palestine.”
2015 Olof Palme Awardee “for his courageous and relentless
struggle against the occupation and violence and for a future for the
Middle East, grounded on the peaceful coexistence and equality of all.”
In 2012, receives the German Media Award for his “tireless work in the
creation of spaces of hope for his people, living under Israeli occupation,
by establishing excellency institutions for education, culture and health.
Qadora Fares
Palestinian born in 1962, member of the Fatah, arrested in
1980 for armed resistance. Spends 14 years in prison. Minister without
portfolio in Ahmed Qorei’s government, is responsible of the
coordination bureau that settles Israel’s retreat from Palestinian towns.
One of the head’s of Fatah, he participates in the elaboration
of the Geneva Agreements. Speaks fluent Hebrew. Close to Marwan
Barghouti.
“ Demanding the return of all refugees on Palestine’s historic
territory means putting into question Israel’s very existence (…).”
‟ For half a century, we have agitated unrealistic slogans and
led our people from abyss to abyss (…).”
‟ Take for example a Palestinian living in the Ain El-Heloue
camp (close to Saida in Lebanon), who has no fixed employment and
who, to repair his shower, must request multiple authorisations.
.. / ..
Qadora Fares
If you ask him to abandon his right to return against the possibility of
emigrating to Canada (with a Palestinian passport, an important financial
compensation, an option to acquire a Canadian passport), do you think he will still be
attached to the dream of what we call the right to return ?”
“A people without hope can bang its head against the wall (…). Establishing a
relation, even negative, makes us understand that our enemy is human (…). Israel
cannot make us disappear, and neither can make Israel disappear.”
The Geneva initiative, or Geneva Agreements, is an alternative peace plan signed on 1st December
2003 in Geneva. Its main writers are former Ministers Yossi Belin (Israeli ) and Yasser Abd Rabbo
(Palestinian), under the impulse of Swiss lawyer Alexis Keller:
- Shared sovereignty of Jerusalem, capital of both States
- Evacuation by Israel of 98% of Palestine (most of which constitutes colonies)
- Concerning the right to return of Palestinians, a compensation for refugees who would have the
choice between: an establishment in the future Palestinian State, definitively remain in the host
country, the establishment in a third country, or a return to Israel.
Ariella Azoulay
Born in 1962, is an Israeli author, exhibition commissioner,
photographer, film-maker, and photography and visual culture theorist. She
holds a degree from the Paris VIII University, the École des Hautes Études
en Sciences Sociales and from the University of Tel Aviv. She is also
professor in Comparative Literature and of Modern Culture and Media at
the Watson Institute for International and Public Affairs at the Brown
University (USA).
Analyses over 200 photographs from the 1947-1950 period, many of
which were kept in the Israeli State’s archives, to prove the eviction of
Palestinians and the origins of the conflict.
“ The regime in place here conducts operations on two fronts: with
sophisticate modern weapons, it aims at Arabs. Simultaneously, we, its
privileged citizens, are also the target, aimed at with an old but as
sophisticated weapon, propaganda (…).
It has now been 60 years since we started authorising evictions,
destructions, assassinations. And it has been 60 years that we have been
repeating like parrots the words of the regime in place, that makes
Palestinians responsible of their own suffering.”
David Neuhaus
Born in 1962 in South Africa in an Israeli Jew family having fled
Nazi Germany, migrates to Jerusalem at the age of 15, doctor in political
sciences from the Hebraic University of Jerusalem. During his military
service, refuses to point his gun at “men and women who have the same
right as me to live on this land”. As conscientious objector, is detained for
several weeks in a military prison.
For 12 years, practices as patriarchal vicar for Hebrew speaking
Catholics in Israel. Represents the Christians of the Holy land (2% of
Israeli and Palestinian population), caught between “a Jewish nationalism
that marginalises and discriminates them” and “an Arab nationalism
whose more and more Islamic expression they do not support”. Affable
and generous, he is a prominent figure of the Jewish-Christian dialogue.
“The current challenge consists in creating oasis’ of faith, prayer,
engagement towards justice and peace for all without exception.”
Jamal Khader
Born in 1964, Palestinian, doctor in theology form the ‘Pontifical
Gregorian University’ in Rome, member of the ‘Theological Reflexion
Committee’ of the Latin Patriarchate and the ‘Committee for Dialogue
with the Jews’.
Teaches at the Beit Jala seminar, the University of Bethlehem, the
Beit Sahur Emmaüs Centre and the Mar Elias of Ibillin college. He also
teaches peace studies and conflict resolution studies for a Masters
programme in international cooperation and development (MICAD).
Co-author of the Kairos Palestine 2009 Declaration, which calls for
a nonviolent struggle to end the unjust occupation of Palestine.
“We see no significant effort from the international community to end the
occupation of Palestinian territories. This injustice offers fertile ground
for all sorts of extremisms, including religious.”
“There are many Jews who seek peace, and we can work together, but
fundamentalist rabbis represent a real threat for our future coexistence
and peace.”
Khalil Alamour
Born in 1965, Bedouin Arab, Israeli citizen, professor of
mathematics, he becomes a lawyer for the Adala association. There
are 200 000 Bedouins in Israel. Half live in 7 town built by Israel to push
them out of their land. The other half live in 46 villages, 11 in process of
being recognised, 35 not recognised.
He defends the Alsira village : 70 houses doomed to
destruction. Holds a property right, a 1921 land purchase certificate,
authentically stamped by the Ottoman and the British Empires.
The villagers have neither an address, means of transport,
elected council, running water (they collect rain water), electricity (they
have installed sun panels), nor healthcare.
“ One family has seen its house destroyed 62 times, and re-built
it 62 times…”
Suleiman Baraka
Palestinian born in 1965 in Gaza. Sufi astrophysicist. Attracted
to physics since his beginnings at the Abu Dis University of Jerusalem.
Masters is theoretic physics at the Islamic University of Gaza,
doctorate in astrophysics at the Pierre and Marie Curie University in
France. Professor in Libya. Returns to Gaza, is arrested by the Israelis
and incarcerated in a prison known as the “slaughterhouse”, where he
spends 64 days of unbearable agony.
After the Oslo Agreements in 1993, works in the field of
international relations for the Palestinian Authority. When the Hamas
takes over, leaves for the USA and obtains a notorious position at the
Aero-spatial National Institute of NASA. When the Israeli army
penetrates Gaza in 2008, his son Ibrahim, 11 years old (photo), dies in
the bombings of the family house.
In spite of his confinement in Gaza, continues to work with the
members of NASA, ESA and Roscosmos (Russian spatial agency),
shows stars to children.
“ I believe in a one State solution for Palestinians and Israelis.”
Bassem Tamimi
Palestinian school teacher born in 1967. Is one of the leaders of
the popular nonviolent resistance in Palestine, and more precisely, in
the village of Nabi Saleh. Organises nonviolent marches and actions
of protest against the separation wall and Israeli colonies in Palestine.
Sentenced in 2011 by the Israeli martial court to 3 years
imprisonment for “administrative reasons,” without a legal decision.
His house is raided, his wife arrested twice, and two of his
children wounded. Declared “Human Rights Defender” by the
European Union and “Opinion Prisoner” by Amnesty International.
“ We want to reveal Israel’s great lie, according to which
Palestine would be a land without people, when we are actually a
people deprived from its land (…). The 3rd Intifada will be nonviolent.”
Dror Etkes
Israeli born in 1968. His grandparents are exterminated during
the Holocaust. Studies history. During his military service within
Tsahal, refuses to burn the feet of Palestinians with a lighter.
Responsible, between 2002 and 2007, within Shalom Akhshav
(Peace Now), of the Colonisation Observatory (studies official
publications, direct terrestrial and aerial observations). Later directs,
within the same organisation, the Yesh Din (There is a Justice)
programme : legal struggle against the politics of colonisation.
“ We may have occupied the territories in 1967 because we were
in danger. But the question of the colonies is completely different. It is
the result of greed, and have nothing to do with Jewish distress.”
../..
Dror Etkes
“ The more they build, the more colonists push back the
solution of the conflict thanks to two distinct States (…). If France
managed to repatriate one million Blackfoots, we can do the same
with the colonists within the Geneva Agreement borders (…). I am
not saying that the evacuation of the colonies will put an end to the
conflict. It is a first step, and one of the most difficult ones, but an
indispensable – yet insufficient – condition of an agreement.”
“ Soon, half of the Israeli population will be Arab! Anyone could
have predicted that in 1967. It is pathetic and shows how
immature Israel’s politics are.”
Photo : Peace Now logo; The Israeli colony of Har homa, built in
South-East Jerusalem, in the Arab area of Mount Abu Ghneim.
Jawad Siyam
Born in 1969, Palestinian teacher and social worker, lives in the
area of Silwan in East Jerusalem, from which Israelis, due to the history
of the location (City of David) and their archaeological excavations,
want to chase away the Palestinians living there. There are 250 000
Palestinians in East Jerusalem and 50 000 is Silwan, with youth
representing 50% of this population.
Founder and director of Wadi Hilweh Information Centre, a cultural
association (music, dance, arts) that defends a nonviolent Palestinian
identity (information on the violation of human rights, council and legal
assistance). Organises sit-ins and protests against arrests.
“ We were colonised by the Romans, the Turks, the British, and
today, the Israelis, but we stay hopeful. We are not allowed to loose
hope.”
Rami Elhanan and Ghazi Briegeith
R.E, born in 19??, Israeli, graphic designer in Jerusalem. In
1997, his daughter Smadar dies in a suicide bombing caused by a
Palestinian kamikaze. With his wife, becomes aware that the bombing
was caused by the occupation, decides to forgive and becomes a
member of Parents Circle. In September 2010, is a member of the
crew aboard the Irene catamaran that denounces the blockade on
Gaza.
G.B, electrician and plastic artist living in Hebron. His brother is
killed in 2000 by a young Israeli soldier at a check point. Becomes a
member of Parents Circle. “We don’t need love to build a bridge
between both nations: we need respect,” he says.
Both are also members of the association Forgiveness Project.
Daoud and Jihan Nassar
Born in 1970, Lutheran Palestinian, studies theology in Linz
(Austria), holds a Masters in business management. Together with his
brothers and sisters, his wife Jihan and their three children, works the
Hope Farm, surrounded by 5 Israeli illegal colonies in Nahalin,
Palestine (9 km south of Bethlehem).
In possession of the property acts since 1916, nonviolently resist
against any initiative or threat of demolition of the buildings (animal
shelters, water tanks, toilets, the Peace Grotto, etc.), replants olive
trees to replace those cut down by the Israeli colonists.
Founder in 2000 and animator of the peace project Tent of
Nations, that promotes understanding between people and cultures.
Young visitors from around the world are hosted under the tents.
Daoud and Jihan Nassar
The declaration “We refuse to be enemies”, that
inspires the action of Tents of Nations is written on a rock
at the entrance of the farm (photo above).
On 19 May 2014, Israeli bulldozers arrived in the
fertile valley of the farm and where Nassar’s family
planted fruit trees 10 years ago, and destroyed the
terraces and all the trees: over 1 500 Apricot trees, apple
tress and vines were pulled out and buried (photo below).
The family’s lawyer is preparing the documents to fill
a complaint. International protest is getting organised.
Murad Alkhufash
Nasser Abufarha
M.A.: Palestinian born in 1970.
With the independent Palestinian Centre for development MA’AN,
develop is 1992 a first permaculture farm in Marda. In 2000, the
second Intifada puts a brutal end to it. During 6 years, deepens his
knowledge in permaculture by regularly working in a farm in
Tennessee (USA). The Global Ecovillage Network (GEN),
international network for ecological and social initiatives, helps him
financially to conceive his own project for his natal village. Back in
Marda in 2006, he opens a demonstration site for permaculture in
Palestine, the Marda Permaculture Farm, affiliated to the GEN.
N.A.F. : Palestinian-American (USA) born in 1964, is the
director of Canaan, a Palestinian firm created in 2005, that
commercialises olive oil. It pays farmers double the market price in
exchange of a pesticide-free production, that respects the rules of
organic agriculture (Ecocert). It brings together small olive oil
producers in federative cooperatives within the Palestinian Fair Trade
Association (PFTA) : 55 cooperatives and over 1500 farmers.
Ziad Medoukh
Born in 1970, Palestinian, Masters in French as a foreign language
didactics from Grenoble University. Doctor in Science of Language from
Paris VIII university. In charge of the French department at the Al Aqsa
University in Gaza since 2006 and founder of the Centre for Peace in the
same university in 2007. Named Ambassador of peace by the Universal
Circle if Peace Ambassadors.* Awarded the Bajaj International Prize 2017
for the promotion of Gandhi’s values.
Holds conferences on Gaza and Palestine, Israeli oppression,
recommends nonviolent resistance and multiplies, in France and Europe,
meetings with associations and youth networks.
“ Today, living in Gaza, organising one’s life, educating one’s
children, are already a form of nonviolent resistance, spontaneously
chosen by the civilian population : 94% of children are schooled, which
testifies of these families’ strength to resist.”
* Created in 2004 in France and Switzerland, the Circle, that gathers 100
people, aims at “creating a universal link for peace” between actors, craftsmen,
organisations and international peace families.
Younes Arar
Palestinian born in 1971. Imprisoned for 6 months at the age of
17 for having thrown stones at the Israeli army. Studies hotel
management, works in Dubai, but is “haunted” by his country, and
returns to his village of Beit Ommar where he takes up farming and
directs a small agricultural cooperative. Everyday, to go to work,
crosses 4 check-points.
In 2007, studies at the peace department of the Pontifical
University in Rome. Co-founder in September 2001 of the Popular
Resistance High Follow Up Commission, that gathers popular
resistance committees.
“ We can live in peace with each other, we must! (…) By fearing
death, we will never prevail. But I want to live! And it is become I want
to live that I resist.”
Musa Abu Maria
Palestinian born in 19??. Political prisoner between 1999 and 2003,
tortured, hospitalised following ill treatments. Arrested again in 2009 and
freed thanks to the intervention of Amnesty International and Israeli human
rights associations. Coordinates popular resistance in Palestine.
Founder of Palestine Solidarity Project. This association, founded in
2006 in the Beit Ommar village (southern Palestine), opposes Israel’s
occupation of the land through nonviolent direct action.
“ We firmly believe in the concept of “firmness” as a form of
resistance. For many communities with which we work, remaining on the
land in spite of the intimidation, violence, economic strangling and attempts
to forcefully displace them, is an act of resistance.”
Yonatan Shapira
Born in 19??, Israeli, ex-Air Force officer. In September 2003, is
among the 27 pilots who declare they refuse to go on missions on
occupied territories. Is dismissed from the army. Denounces Israel’s
crimes against humanity.*
Founder, together with Palestinian Soulim Khatib, of the Israeli-
Palestinian association Combatants for Peace, that leads a nonviolent
struggle against Israel’s occupation of Palestine and argues for a
peaceful solution between both people.
Calls to boycott and international sanctions against Israel,
participates in maritime demonstrations to denounce the blockade of
Gaza.
* In July 2002, to kill a Hamas leader in Gaza, an Israeli F16 dropped a bomb and
killed 14 people, 9 of which were children. During the “Cast Lead” operation (22
days of bombing from Dec. 2008 to Jan. 2009), 1 400 Palestinians were killed,
etc.
Abdel Kader Al-Husseini
Palestinian born in 1972. Studies business law, works in a bank
between 1996 and 1999. When his father, Faisal Al-Husseini, dies,
creates and directs the Faisal Al-Husseini Foundation that brings an
answer to social problems, education and healthcare for Palestinians
in Jerusalem.
Member of Fatah, signs the Geneva Agreements. After sheikh
Ahmed Yassin’s assassination, calls Palestinians to not answer with
violence.
“ When you demonstrate peacefully, the world cannot close its eyes
and let Israelis do whatever they want (…). If we one day reach
peace, the Israelis will have their army and taxes to pay for it. We will
not have an army, we will rebuild our economy and will be able to sell
at a lower price! A new type of competition will be born.”
Ali Abu Awwad
Born in 1972, Palestinian peace activist. Former armed activist,
discovers nonviolence in prison, obtains his transfer after a 17 days hunger
strike. Founds Taghyeer (Change), a Palestinian national nonviolent
movement, convinced that nonviolence is the only way to bring back peace
in the region and put an end to the Israeli occupation.
End 2014, creates the Palestinian centre for nonviolence Karama
(Dignity), on his family’s land located between Bethlehem and Hebron. Lives
in a “cabin of nonviolence” in Beit Ummar, on Palestinian occupied territories.
Creates Roots with Israeli Shaul Judelman, and Leaders Leading for Peace
with local Israeli activists to engage both communities and their leaders to
find a fair resolution to the conflict.
Travels the world with Robi Damelin (photo below), a Jewish woman who
lost her son to a Palestinian sniper, and rabbi Hana Schlesinger.
“ You cannot practice nonviolence without listening to the other side’s
version. But first, you must renounce the status of victim. The Jews are not
my enemy. Fear is.”
Ramzy Baroud
Born is a refugee camp in Gaza in 1972, after his father was
chased from his village during the Nakba. Palestinian-American
journalist, writer and political analyst. Taught mass communication at
the Curtin University of Technology and Australia and Malasia.
Chief editor of The Brunei Times (paper and online versions)
and of the website Palestine Chronicle, source of information and
analysis of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. Has also worked on the
Israeli assault on Jenin Refugee Camp in 2002, in reaction to
Palestinian attacks.
“Palestinian resistance organisations must abstain from aiming at
Israeli civilians (…). This decision is imperative if the Palestinian
struggle wants to preserve its historical values and moral superiority.”
Ramzy Baroud
“ Palestinian resistance has mainly taken the form of nonviolent
popular movement. This one will continue for as long as the
circumstances which led to its appearance remain.”
“ Palestinians are not the victims of a natural disaster but of a
siege, that results from the political decisions taken by the Israeli
government. For Palestinians, negotiations have led nowhere. The
campaign Boycott, Disinvest, Sanction is more efficient than any
humanitarian project. BDS is a nonviolent strategy, which is where lies
its efficiency. It must be coupled with another campaign, an
informative campaign, in order to touch the public as largely as
possible.”
Abdullah Abu Rahma
Born in 1973 ?, Palestinian living in Bil’in, village of 1 800
inhabitants in Palestine, deprived from his land after the construction of
the separation wall. Coordinator of the Bil’in Popular Committee against
the Separation Wall and the Colonies.
Since January 2005, the village has been organising weekly
nonviolent demonstrations, every Friday, against the construction of the
wall, together with Israelis and internationals. He obtained from the
Israeli Supreme Court, in 2007, for the wall to be moved.
Arrested in December 2009 for detention of Israeli used weapons
after having organised an exhibition on the grenades used against
demonstrators. 25 committees of popular resistance adopted similar
methods of action.
“ Our only enemy is the occupation (…). Nonviolence is efficient. It
is something we are proud of. Our Intifada is peaceful, and that is why it
is powerful.”
Mohammed Khatib
Born in 1974, Palestinian activist, spokesperson for the Bil’in
popular committee. This Palestinian village of 1600 inhabitants,
located 16km from Ramallah, has seen more than half its territory
confiscated in the construction of new colonies.
Strangled by the wall, Bil’in has known the fate of many isolated
Palestinian villages such as Kharbata, Safa, Deir Qadis, whose
inhabitants are reduced to a life of misery or exile. Israeli and
Palestinian citizens debate and fight together there against the wall
and colonisation in general, within the organisation Tayyush
(Together).
“We demonstrate every Friday. The deep meaning of our action is the
struggle againt Israeli occupation, but not against the Israeli people.
We give out flyers to soldiers, telling them we are not against them
but against what they represent, that is occupation.
Each month, we meet with representatives of the Israeli Coalition
against the Wall Group, and internationals. The struggle must be
triangular.”
Abou Alaa Mansour
Born in 1978 ?, Palestinian activist, member of the Bil’in Popular
Committee. Fights against Israeli land-grabbing and against the wall,
a barrier contested not only by Palestinians , since in 2007, the Israeli
Supreme Court unanimously judged its outline prejudiced Bil’in
inhabitants and that it should be modified.
“The Israeli strategy aims make the nonviolent method fail, given its
implication in revealing what is actually happening in Palestine with
regard to the occupation.
Bil’in is not only a symbol of nonviolence, it is also the symbol of the
assassination of Bassem Abu Rahma by the Israeli army, a young
man who was asking the soldiers not to shoot because the march was
a pacific one. In Bil’in, in a year and a half, 5 demonstrators have
fallen as martyrs, most of them were boys.”
Photo below: A young man climbs onto the seperation wall. In the back, the
Israeli colony of Modin Illit, one of the biggest in Palestine. Michael Sfard, Israeli
lawyer and cofounder of Yesh Din, a human rights defence organisation,
managed to prove that the outline had not been established for security
reasons, but to allow the extension of this colony.
Hillel Kogan et Adi Boutros
H.K.: Born in 1974, his parents emigrate from USSR.
Choreographic assistant to Ohad Naharin within the Batsheva
Ensemble, he has created choreographies since 1996.
In 2013, creates the show We Love Arabs : an Israeli
choreography chosen by an Arab dancer to create a show carrying a
peace and coexistence message. Along this corrosive parody mixing
choreographic and racist clichés, the self-glorified creator finds
himself trapped in wrong ideas that he pretends to fight against.
After an hour of laughter, the actors dance in a same communion
around a shared plate of hummus. This show, played in three
languages (Hebrew, French and English) travels the world and
earns him several international prizes and international recognition.
A.B: Palestinian dancer of Israeli nationality.
“ I needed to talk with humour about the delicate relations
between our two people, and especially the underlying racism that
they lead to. My play is a satire and a parody. The comical approach
allows us to examine these questions with lighter emotions, with
less pain. And the most important is that it finally gives us the
opportunity for self-derision.”
Mira Awad
Born in 1975, native of Rama, village of Galilee, holds Israeli
nationality. Daughter of an Arab Palestinian Christian doctor and a
Bulgarian mother, Slavic language specialist. Graduated from Rimon
music school (is Rama Ha Sharon). Becomes a singer and actress. In
2009, is the first Arab singer to run for Israel in the Eurovision,
alongside Israeli Jewish singer of Yemenite origin Achinoam Nini, a.k.a
Noa. Both artists never miss an opportunity to sing together. (Photo
below).
Has never stopped believing in tolerance, mutual
comprehension and dialogue between both communities. In Mona, a
TV series written by Mira Awad for Israeli public television, an Arab
Palestinian from Israel living in Tel-Aviv, is in love with Israeli Jew from
Sderot, until the military operation Protection Border in Gaza interrupts
their idyll…
“The national hymn, Hatikva, does not make me shiver. What’s
more, I believe it is still necessary to fight for peace and the
coexistence between Israelis and Palestinians.”
Tsahi Halevi et Lucy Aharish
Tsahi Halevi, born in 1975, Israeli actor. Namely plays the role
of Naor in Israeli series Fauda.
In October 2015, marries Lucy Aharish, Arab Israeli journalist
born in 1981, and first Arab Israeli to present the news in Hebrew on
Israeli Channel 10.
Their marriage provokes critical reactions from Israeli ultra-
conservatives, including from within the government.
The ultra-orthodox Interior Minister Arie Dery says, live on
radio, that their marriage “is not a good thing”. He worries for the
future of their children, and invites the bride to convert to Judaism,
concluding on the harmful effects of “the assimilation that consumes
the Jewish people”.
Bentzi Gopstein, chief of extreme right organisation Lehava
(“The flame”), known for his anti-biracial relationships, condemns the
marriage and calls the groom to “preserve the dignity of the Jewish
people”.
His statement provokes a wave of support towards to bride
and groom. “Congratulations and happiness to the beautiful couple”
declares Labour MP Shelly Yachimovich (born in 1960, photo below),
journalist, TV and radio presenter.
Vittorio Arrigoni
(1975-2011), Italian reporter and activist. Member of the NGO
International Solidarity Movement, settles in Gaza in 2008. Is imprisoned
by Israeli soldiers after embarking on flotilla, collaborates with Il
Manifesto. With the same publishers, publishes Restiamo umani, a
synthesis of his reports about Gaza.
During the “Cast lead” operation, becomes internationally known
through his blog Radio Guerilla, only source for the West to obtain
information about Gaza, at a time when no journalist is given access to
it. In January 2011, publishes a manifesto written by Gaza youth.
Is assassinated by the Jahafil Al-Tawhid Wal-Jihad fi Filastin
salafists, who had taken him hostage in order to obtain from the Hamas
the liberation of several of their members, including Sheikh Hicham al-
Soueidani.
Describes the Israeli government as one of the worse apartheid
regimes in the world, states that the Israeli blockade on Gaza is criminal.
Does not support the Hamas, which, according to him, considerably
limits human rights.
Bassem et Jawaher Abu Rahma
Born in 1978, Palestinian activist. One of the main actors of
the popular resitance in Bil’in village. On 7 April 2009, during a
protest march against the wall, asks the soldiers not to shoot
because the march is a peaceful one. He dies in hospital at the age
of 31, after having been shot with a tear gas grenade aimed directly
at his chest.
The Israeli military investigators closed their investigation
without a conviction, on the grounds of a lack of proof and despite
the fact that the incident was filmed by three separate cameras.
His sister, Jawaher Abu Rahma, is asphyxiated to death on 1st
January 2011 after Israeli soldiers shot tens of grenades on
nonviolent demonstrators.
Rachel Corrie
(1979-2003) American activist of Jewish origin, volunteers in
the International Solidarity Movement (ISM). Dies on 16th March
2003 in Gaza, during the second Intifada, run over by an Israel
bulldozer as she was attempting to stop, peacefully and along with
other members of her organisation, the destruction of a Palestinian
doctor’s house.
Members of ISM present on the scene say the bulldozer
driver deliberately killed R.C, running over her twice. The young
woman had stood in front of the machine, so as to be seen by the
driver and make him stop from demolishing the house. According to
the Israeli army, the driver did not see her, saying she would have
been standing in a blind spot.
Fathy Khdirat
Born in 19??, Palestinian, founding member and coordinator of
the Jordan Valley Solidarity association. The latter is supported by
international volunteers from around the world, who defend the rights
of Palestinians to live on their land.
“ The Jordan valley represents approximately 30% of
Palestine’s territory, and 95% of this land is in occupied territory. Our
group has decided to fight, build, resist and help people live on this
land, their country of origin, because we realise Israel intends to evict
everyone from this area. If there is no water, there is no life. Stopping
people from using water resources means forcing them to leave their
land.’
Anna Baltzer
Born in 1979, she is an American-Jew, coordinator of the US
Campaign for Palestinian Rights in the USA, a conference speaker
and author.
Since 2000, she regularly goes to Palestine as volunteer for the
International Women Peace Service (IWPS), in order to raise
awareness of the human right violations and to support Palestinian
nonviolent resistance.
She denounces the neutrality of the self-righteous who do not
want to take part in the conflict, although, as for the civil rights
movement in the USA, it concerns the fight of an oppressed people
against a characterised situation of oppression.
She has held over 500 conference throughout the world to talk
about the colonies, the Wall, the censorship, the 1948 Nakba, the
Palestinian refugees, Gaza, Israeli activism, the Palestinian
nonviolent resistance movement. She insists on nonviolent
demonstrations, education, and encourages dialogue to find solutions.
Fatima Khaldi
Born in 19??, she an activist and Palestinian social worker. With
the Union of Palestinian Women, she has created children’s gardens
that function as schools during the day, and are spaces for women to
meet during the afternoon.
Currently, she worked for the International Women Peace Service
(IWPS), and animates Women for Life in Salfit. After a two-week
summer camp in July 2004, creates with other the Flowers against
Occupation group, a group of young women who live in occupied
Palestine. This group meets twice a week for workshops on subjects
such as art, English, dance, music, girls’ health, girls’ confidence and
violence against girls.
“ We want to show the world that we reject Israeli violence and
racism, that we believe in the just nature of our cause and that our
determination is stronger than any Israeli weapon and that, for a better
life, Palestinian women are able to accomplish what seems impossible.”
Issa Amro
Palestinian born in 1980. In January 2003, protests against the
Israeli army’s decision to close the Polytechnical University of
Palestine (where he is studying his last year to become an
engineer), considered as being in a military zone. Together with
other students, he organises civil disobedience actions.
He is responsible for organising Youth against settlements, and
becomes a figure of Palestinian contestation of the Israeli
occupation. He documents human rights violations in occupied
territory, gives cameras to Palestinian families for them to film and
show the daily violence they suffer.
In 2010, is declared “Human Rights Defender of the Year in
Palestine” by the UN Human Rights Office of the High Commission,
namely for his security given the numerous cases of harassment by
soldiers and Israeli settlers and well as arbitrary detentions he
suffers from.
In 2015, he dissuades young Palestinians from committing
knife attacks and recommends a nonviolent approach of their
resistance. He is arrested and charged in 2016 after having
demonstrated for free movement in Hebron.
Ronit Avni
Born In 1980 in Rio de Janeiro, American, Canadian and
Israeli citizen, author and film maker. Since 1998, has been studying
Middle Eastern history ate Columbia University in New York. Founder
in 2003 and general director of Just Vision, in Washington.
This awareness raising organisation, which supports
Palestinians and Israelis acting for “freedom, dignity, security and
peace using nonviolent means,” demands the end of the occupation
and establishment of Israeli colonies on Palestinian territories. She
creates documentary films in Hebrew, Arab and English (Home Front,
Budrus, Encounter Point) and acts as exchange platform for the
various actors and movements in the field.
“ Changes in today’s world start from the grassroots and are
finally led by the government: ecology, feminism, civic rights
movements, etc. The Israeli-Palestinian conflict is no different.
Politicians will eventually follow, but I am worried about who will
lead.”
Yehuda Shaul
Israeli born in 1982 in an Jewish Orthodox family, does his
military service during three years in a unit combatting in occupied
territories, where he observes the damages done by the occupation.
In 2004, with 65 comrades, all Tsahal veterans, creates
Breaking the Silence, an organisation that gathers and publishes
testimonies of soldiers in charge of “controlling” Palestinians in
Palestine, and raises awareness of the “what public opinion doesn’t
know is happening in the field”. Fights against humiliations,
spoliations, expropriations, demolitions…
“ The occupation has become Israel’s second nature, Israel
does not conceive that it could live with its neighbours without
absolutely and obsessively controlling them (…). If we do not put an
end to the occupation, it is Israel as a whole that we risk loosing in the
long term. To end it, we just need to decide it.”
Muna Ammar
Born in 19??, Director of the Freedom and Justice Centre. This
organisation mobilises the population in a nonviolent struggle against
the occupation Beit Omar, between Bethlehem and Hebron, in
occupied Palestine, brings its support to women involved in social
economy programmes and cooperatives, organises meetings
between Israeli and Palestinian women.
“ Economy and the resistance movement are intrinsically linked.
We ask internationals to cooperate with organisations working
towards improving the economic situation of women in Palestine. It is
important to put an end to the occupation.”
Dafna Rothstein Landman
Israeli born in 1997. Coordinator of an initiative gathering 60 young Israelis who
announced in March 2014 their refusal to serve their military service.
“ We, the undersigned, intend to refuse to serve in the army and the main reason
for this refusal is our opposition to the military occupation of Palestinian territories.
Palestinians in the occupied territories live under Israeli rule though they did not choose
to do so, and have no legal recourse to influence this regime or its decision-making
processes. This is neither egalitarian nor just. In these territories, human rights are
violated, and acts defined under international law as war-crimes are perpetuated on a
daily basis. These include assassinations (extrajudicial killings), the construction of
settlements on occupied lands, administrative detentions, torture, collective punishment
and the unequal allocation of resources such as electricity and water. Any form of military
service reinforces this status quo, and, therefore, in accordance with our conscience, we
cannot take part in a system that perpetrates the above-mentioned acts.”
The 43 Israelis of the 8200 Unit
In a letter published on 12 September 2014 in Yediot Aharonot, 43 Israelis (33
soldiers and 10 officers, men and women), having served in the 8200 Unit of Israeli
secret services, assert that :
“ Intelligence allows for the continued control over millions of people through
thorough and intrusive supervision and invasion of most areas of life. This does not
allow for people to lead normal lives, and fuels more violence further distancing us from
the end of the conflict
We cannot continue to serve this system in good conscience, denying the rights of
millions of people. Therefore, those among us who are reservists, refuse to take part in
the state’s actions against Palestinians.”`
They mention their capital role in the targeted operations, aimed at elimination, led
by the army.
“ We call for all soldiers serving in the Intelligence Corps, present and future, along
with all the citizens of Israel, to speak out against these injustices and to take action to
bring them to an end.” ■

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Resistance against Israeli Occupation in Palestine. — 03. Figures and Peace Builders. Since 1950

  • 1. Peace builders and Figures of Resistance against Israeli Occupation in Palestine 3 – since 1950 Étienne Godinot - 26.08.2019 Translation : Claudia McKenny-Engström
  • 2. Dominique Vidal Born in 1950, his father escapes Auschwitz, his mother is a “luggage bearer” during the Algerian war. Historian, journalist and French writer, he specialises in the Middle East and Israeli-Palestinian conflict. In 1995, joins the permanent team of the Monde Diplomatique : editor in chief and then responsible for the international editions and development. Middle East specialist, namely the Israeli-Palestinian conflict and author of a synthesis of German contemporary historians having researched on the Holocaust. “Since 1947, when Palestine was recognised by the UN as State, negotiations between Palestinians and Israelis fail: dialogue is impossible between a pot of earth and a pot of metal. This negotiations will be made possible thanks to an international will to frame it.”
  • 3. Amos Gvirtz Born in 19??, founder of association Israelis and Palestinians for Non-Violence, former Israeli representative of the International Fellowship of Reconciliation (IFOR) and president of the Committee Against House Demolitions. Defends, among others, the right of Israeli native Bedouins in the Negev. Every week, delivers his information about the non-published events affecting Palestinian and Bedouin communities to an international public within his publication “Don’t say we did not know”. “ The Israeli right-wing government prefers violence, which it is sure to win. We, the citizens of Israel, have the choice between an endless war and all it carries of sufferance and death, and a struggle that does not endanger our lives or our security. Nonviolence essentially consists in respecting the life and existence of the adversary. In other words, from the moment when Hamas abandons violence in favour of nonviolence in its pursuit of justice for the Palestinian people, it also abandons the desire to destroy us.”
  • 4. Amos Gitaï Born in 1950, Israeli film maker, he directs 80 films. Studies architecture in Haifa and later Berkeley (California). Adolescent, he is already engaged and criticises his country’s politics. Young soldier, he is sent to fight in the Golan in 1973; Exiled in France from 1983 to 1993 after his film House is forbidden in Israel. “ Imperfect agreements are always better than a perfect war (…). Look, Europe is now commemorating the 100th Anniversary of the First World War. It will have taken two savage wars to turn it into an open peaceful continent. Why would we not be able to do the same? (…) Rabin is the first politician who recognised in his Memoirs that Israel had chased the Arabs in 1948. He did what a real political leader must do with his people: talk to them without lying (…). We must recognise historical facts, and then look for political solutions.”
  • 5. Radi Jaraï Palestinian, born in 1951; studies agronomy; former teacher. Member of Fatah; is imprisoned from 1974 to 1985, and again twice, for his links with the execution of the first Intifada, adding up to 12 and a half years imprisonment. Member of the Palestinian delegation to the Madrid Conference in 1991; signatory of the Geneva Agreements. Directs a rehabilitation programme for political prisoners. Professor of Political Science at Al-Quds University. “ We shouldn’t have militarised the Intifada, we should have mobilised the people, to show the whole world and Israelis, that we are only asking for our freedom, without weapons or explosives (…). We must find a solution because neither of the two people can destroy the other. I don’t want my children to follow the same paths as I did (…). It is stupid to remain hateful and violent towards one another. If peace prevails in Palestine, borders won’t matter much, as it is the case today in Europe.”
  • 6. Gideon Levy Born in 1953, Israeli journalist and writer, member of the Haaretz daily newspaper editorial board. Writes a weekly chronicle on the activities of the Israeli army under the title Twilight Zone. Defines himself as an Israeli patriot. “ Whoever cares about the country’s future must now be in favour of economic boycott. Boycott is the less of evils and could have historical repercussions. It is the less violent option with the lowest chances of resulting in a blood bath. It would be painful, as all others, but the others would be worse (…). Until Israelis pay the price of the occupation, or at least do not make the link between cause and effect, they will have no reason to put an end to it (…). In parallel to dehumanisation and demonisation of Palestinians and Arabs, people here are brainwashed by a nationalistic discourse that does not enable them to recover their spirits.”
  • 7. Susan Nathan Born in 1953 in England in a Jewish family. One of the few Jews to live in Tamra, amongst 30 000 Muslims, town lead by a fundamentalist mayor. Denounces the segregation between Jews and Palestinian citizens living in Israel (one million), descendents of Palestinians having stayed in Israel after the 1948 war, when a vast majority of them were chased away. “ It is simply not possible to chase away thousands of Palestinians from their homes, as we did in 1948, and then decided to forget about. As South Africa, we need a Commission for Truth and Reconciliation (…). The Jewish left only sees a solution in two States for two people. What I do, showing that Arabs and Jews can live together, proves that is not the only solution! (…). There must be one single bi-national State. It will eventually happen.”
  • 8. Norman Finkelstein Born in 1953, son of Jewish Warsaw ghetto survivors, American political expert and professor. Studies in Binghamton University in New York, and then at the École pratique des Hautes Études in Paris; Doctor in political science from Princeton University. Denounces hasty generalisations and anti-Semite accusations made by some Jewish organisations towards those opposing Israel’s politics. Member of the Russell Tribunal on Palestine committee. “ When a conflict persists over such a long period of time, a great number of individuals and institutions develop a direct interest, not in its resolution, but in its perpetuation (…). For something to happen, it must stem from the Palestinians in occupied territories.”
  • 9. Yitzhak Frankenthal Born in 19??, Israeli, Orthodox Jew. In July 1994, his son Arik, then 19, who was fighting in the Israeli army, is captured and killed by Hamas. Rich business man, he sells off his business and uses the money collected to create, in 1995, the Parents Circle - Families Forum. This association of grieving parents, Palestinian and Israeli, and dedicated to the reconciliation of both people, gathers today over 500 families. Later founds the Arik Institute for Tolerance, Reconciliation and Peace that demands the end of the military occupation of Palestinian territories by Israel. “ So long as we do not see that the occupation of Palestinian land is a form of terrorism, we will not understand the Palestinians. And if we do not understand them, we will never reach a peace with them, only terrorism and war.”
  • 10. Mustafa Barghouti Born in 1954, Palestinian politician. Palestinian Authority Presidential candidate in 2005, to which he arrives second after Mahmud Abbas. Never stopped criticising the Palestinian Liberation Organisation and the Palestinian Authority for their corruption and acceptance of terrorism. Considers nonviolent resistance as the best way to end Israeli occupation. Defends a peace with Israel based on a two State solution, with a Palestinian State spreading on the territories occupied by Israel during the Six Day War, East Jerusalem as capital city and the right to return for refugees, according to rules set and agreed by both parties. In 2005, the “Independent Palestine” list, for which he is the first candidate, promises to combat corruption and nepotism, to bring down the “apartheid wall” and to “provide a real democratic and independent third way for a large majority of silent and unrepresented Palestinian voters, which favours neither the autocracy and corruption of the party in power, the Fatah, nor the Hamas fundamentalism.”
  • 11. Meron Rapoport Awni al-Mashni M.R, born in 1954, is an Israeli journalist and writer, who receives the Naples Prize for journalism thanks to an investigation led on the theft of olive trees from their Palestinian owners. Former director of the information service of the Haaretz newspaper, he is today an independent journalist. A.a.M, born in 1957, is a Palestinian born in a refugee camp in Bethlehem, and member of the Fatah. Co-founders with others, namely poet Eliaz Cohen, of the organisation Two States, One Homeland – Together and Separate, which advocates for the creation of two sovereign States, Israel and Palestine, with two citizenships, and open borders, to allow the people to keep their house or live wherever he or she pleases. “ Eretz Israel-Palestine is a shared homeland for two people – the Jews and the Palestinians, and both people are attached to their land by deep historical, religious and cultural links. A new vision must rise : a vision that should be founded on equality in a common land and the mutual respect and recognition of identity, spaces and the political rights of both people. •../..
  • 12. Meron Rapoport Awni al-Mashni Eliaz Cohen In those States, both nations will bee based on the 4th June 1967 lines and the total end of the occupation. The Palestinian State will be free to enjoy their right to self- determina-tion and the border between them will naturalise Palestinian refugees as it wishes and Israel will be free to naturalise Jews from the diaspora as it wishes. Permanent Israeli residents in Palestine will enjoy their right to vote in the Israeli Parliament and permanent Palestinian residents in Israel will enjoy their right to vote the Palestinian Parliament. Jerusalem will be the capital of both States (…) Jerusalem will be a shared city, open to citizens of both States; a special municipal regime will be put in place to administer the city together and equally for both people, with representatives from the monotheist religions and the international community.” Photo below : Poet Eliaz Cohen
  • 13. Ilan Pappé Born in 1954, Israeli historian, form professor in political science at the University of Haifa (1984-2007). Was forced to exile to England. Professor at the Social Sciences and International Studies University of Exeter. Is one of the “new historians” who critically re-examined the history of Israel and Zionism. Considers that the Palestinian exodus can be compared to an ethnic cleansing organised and planned by David ben Gourion and always wanted by the Zionist movement. Defends the idea of a single bi-national State for Palestinians and Israelis. “ Making life impossible, restraining economic possibilities, reducing development capacities : these new strategies function even better combined with the refusal to negotiate with Palestinians.”
  • 14. David Grossman Born in 1954, his father is a Jewish refugee from Poland. Israeli writer, amongst the most famous ones. Studies philosophy and theatre, former radio journalist, novelist, he writes essays and books for youth. His book The Yellow Wind, which describes the suffering imposed on Palestinians by Israel’s military occupation, causes him to be treated as traitor by the Prime Minister at the time, Yitzhak Shamir. Signs the Geneva Agreements. Speaks Arabic. In August 2006, together with writers Amos Oz and Avraham Yehoshua, calls the Israeli government to accept the cease-fire. In June 2010, denounces Israeli army boats boarding and inspecting pro- Palestinian boats in the waters off Gaza. “ The occupation is a poison that penetrates all systems. What are the consequences on people, their relationship with others, their self- esteem ? (…) It is easy not to want to know what it does.” ../..
  • 15. David Grossman “ When you have the possibility to abuse of your authority on someone, you need to have a superior moral conscience to not take advantage of that power, of that arbitrary. There is a diabolic temptation in that evil that can push you to use it against someone weaker.” For the dominated one “it is very easy to transform this anxiety into hatred.” “ To avoid from collaborating with a system of evil and a reality of misfortune, to not become a cog in this machine, a Man must protect himself from the routine of evil (…). At each decision taken, linked to the arbitrary or misfortune, he must put it into question, each time under a different angle. He must check if it matches valid objectives, or if it is a fruit of this routine.” “ The silent majority of these two people is ready to compromise, but it is the hostage of extremism on both sides.”
  • 16. Eran Riklis Born in 1954, Israel scriptwriter and film maker who grew up in the USA, Canada and Brazil. He graduates from the National Film School in Beaconsfield, UK. In his film The Lemon Trees (2008), depicts an obstinate Palestinian woman who fights against a Defence Minister wanting to cut down hundred year old trees. In his film The second son, he shows the life of Israeli Arabs, integrated in the Jewish population, but victims of daily segregations and ostracisms. In Zaytoun (2013), shows the unexpected encounter of a young Palestinian refugee and an Israeli fighter pilot. His film My son (2014) also deals with the complex subject of Israeli Arabs. “ There are no films where all is black or white. If that is what the public is looking for, I rather go for technicolor. If I have to take sides, I will choose humanity’s side. Even if men make extreme choices, because I believe that there is always and in everyone, humanity.”
  • 17. Izzeldin Abuelaïsh Palestinian born in 1955, gynaecologist and obstetrician having graduated from Harvard in public health, he lives in Toronto. First Palestinian doctor having obtained a position in an Israeli hospital. In 2009, three of his daughters and his niece are killed in Gaza during an Israeli “Cast Lead” operation. Refusing to fall into hatred, chooses to continue, in the name of his daughters, his struggle for peace, and created the foundation Daughters for life that promotes the education of girls in the Middle East. ‟ We are Siamese brothers. Any violence committed towards one touches the other. I am against any form of violence, wherever it comes from, from soldiers, Israeli colonists or Palestinians. Because violence never brings justice.”
  • 18. Nazmi Al-Jubeh Palestinian born in 1955. Is imprisoned during a total of five years in Israel for having created a student union, having participated in demonstrations or youth exchanges with Israelis in kibbutz’. Palestinian historian and archaeologist, professor at the Bir-Zeit (Ramallah) university, co-director of Riwaq, Centre for Architectural Conservation. Currently works in the restoration of old buildings in Palestine, dating back to Muslim and Ottoman times. Expert in the negotiations about Jerusalem, participated in the Oslo process and in the drafting of the Geneva Initiative. “ By continuing to build settlings, we are making the conflict even more complex (…). I hope both people will think with their heads, and put themselves in the other’s shoes. Israelis must think about what they would accept or refuse in the Palestinians’ stead. And Palestinians must do the same. If each one could do so, all would be simple.” Photo below : Riwaq logo
  • 19. Avraham Burg Born in 1955, Israeli politician, he presides the Knesset from 1999 to 2003. His objective is to de-Judaize Israel. Supports the idea according to which the Jews were not “elected” by the Lord, which would mean to say that other nations belong to “inferior races”. In July 2010, creates a new Jewish-Arab party, Shyian Yisrael (Equality Israel) that “demands full equality for all inhabitants of Israel, the kind of equality we demand for all Jews within the Diaspora, wherever they live.” “A racist cancer is eating us up (…). The definition of Israel as Jewish State is leading to its loss. The Jewish State is explosive. It is dynamite (…). “ For me, the construction of the European Union, is biblical utopia at it quintessence. I don’t know how long it will hold, but the idea is incredibly Jewish.’
  • 20. Ron Pundak Israeli born in 1955 of Danish Jewish parents, historian (PhD in London) and ex-journalist, he specialises in the Middle East. Played an important role in the launch of the Oslo peace process in 1993, and in the Geneva Agreements in 2003. Initiates economic cooperation projects with Palestinians within the association Economic Cooperation Foundation. Since 2001, directs the Peres Centre for Peace in Tel Aviv, created in 1997. “ The daily situation is getting worse, but people understand the situation better than before, the conflicts, refugees, colonies, etc. We have to shatter the myths ! The hope I express rests on a deep reality, today repressed by a daily life ruled by extremists.” Photo : Peres Centre for Peace in Tel Aviv, supports medical care for Palestinian children, the development of agricultural projects, cultural and sports activities combined with an education to peace.
  • 21. Jamal Zahalka Born in 1955, Israeli Arab politician, member of the Balad party and member of the Knesset. Accuses Israeli leaders to hold a discourse encouraging separation with Israeli Arab, and even transfer. Also accuses Israel of applying apartheid towards Palestinians in Palestine and Gaza. “ We are becoming a minority of under-citizens, we live in the situation of an endangered minority. There are more and more laws voted against us. The politics that we endure, akin the destruction of houses, land grabbing, discrimination, poverty… are extremely shocking. We should be involved in the global solution to the conflict. Only international public opinion has the power to really stop these excesses.”
  • 22. Nafez Assaily Palestinian born in 1956. Sufi Muslim, studies in Christian schools and later in Nablus University (English and sociology), PhD in Washington. His family is evicted by the Israeli colony Givat Arsina. In a demonstration in 1990 in front of the Al Aqsa Mosque against the death of a Palestinian the day before in the same place, loses an eye. Founder of the Literacy on Wheels for Nonviolence and Peace (LOWNP), in Hebron, a nonviolence library bus, and of the House for Nonviolence. Recommends the purchase of locally produced organic food to develop Palestinian economy, and reconciliation between families. “ There is no other choice for Palestinians than a nonviolent struggle.”
  • 23. Amira Hass Israeli born is 1956, she is the daughter of two Holocaust survivors. Journalist and author, she writes for Ha’aretz. Lives in Ramallah (Palestine) after having lived in Gaza. Describes Israeli convoluted administrative procedures, restrictions to free movement, difficulties to work normally. Criticises Israeli politics towards Palestinians, but also Palestinian leaders. During the Intifada years, publishes a series of articles on chaos and disorder provoked by militias linked to Yasser Arafat’s part Fatah and the bloody war between Palestinian factions in Nablus. “ Throwing stones is a concrete act of resistance as well as a symbolic act (…). I believe that is the end, the Jews – my Jewish community – will pay a very heavy price if we do not rapidly end this discrimination.”
  • 24. Ibrahim Khreishi Palestinian born in 1956, family if Jordan. Studies medicine and later political science and international relations in Yugoslavia. Member of the Fatah Council and the Central Council of the PLO. After 1989, in Tunisia, presides the association representing Palestinian youth. After 1994, in Palestine, directs the trade union department of the PLO. Signs the Geneva Agreements. “ The return of all refugees in Israel would mean the end of Israel. It is neither realistic nor acceptable to bring back 4 and half million Palestinians to Israel: for that we would need to throw Israelis at sea. I try to convince Palestinians that the solution that lies on two States is our political objective. It implies that Israel continues to exist. From there on, let’s look for a realistic solution (…). Photo below : PLO logo, the Palestine Liberation Organisation
  • 25. Ghassan Andoni Neta Golan Palestinian Christian born in 1956, physics professor at the Bir Zeit University, advocates for nonviolent resistance to the Israeli occupation of Palestine. Cofounder in 2001, together with Israeli Neta Golan and Palestinian-American (USA) Huweida Arraf, of the ‘International Solidarity Movement’ (ISM). Founder of the International Middle East Media Centre and director of the Palestinian Center for Rapproche- ment between Peoples (PCR). During the First Intifada, is imprisoned for having participated in the fiscal uprising in Beit Sahour. In 2006, is nominated for the Nobel Peace Prize by the American Friends Service Committee together with Jeff Halper from the Israeli Committee Against House Demolitions (ICAHD). Palestinian-American (USA) Huweida Arraf and Jewish- American (USA) Adam Shapiro joined the movement in 2002. “ The ISM aims at putting an end to violence by actively resisting the occupation using nonviolent means. The Israeli government has been working to crush Palestinian resistance for a long time, making it very difficult for Palestinians to act non-violently on a big scale.” Photo below : Neta Golan
  • 26. Ofer Bronchtein Franco-Israeli born in 1957. In the 1990’ councils Israeli labour party Secretary General and vice Prime Ministers. Former collaborator of Prime Minister Yizhtak Rabin, special delegate in Tunis for the preparation and organisation of the Oslo Agreements. Co-founder in 2001 of the International Forum for Peace (IFP, logo below left) with Anis Al Qaq, then representative of the Palestinian Authority in Switzerland. The objective of the IFP is to support all concrete measures that aim at establishing the basis for a future and sustainable peace between the two people. “ We know the parameters of an exit : the creation of a Palestinian State, Jerusalem as capital of both Palestine and Israel, a fair, just and negotiated solution on the subject of refugees, and passable borders between the two countries.” .. / ..
  • 27. Ofer Bronchtein “ On the 5% of Palestinian territories occupied by Israel in 1967, there must be an exchange of land. The majority of colonists live on 5% of occupied territories. Some of these must be enabled to stay where they live, but Israel must exchange an equal quantity of land and at equal value with Palestinians, either in the south of Israel to enlarge Gaza, or in the north to enlarge Palestine. This would be a strong choice as it would mean 450 000 colonists would enter international irregularity.” “A bi-national State is not possible today. The solution long term seems, to me, to rest in an Israeli-Palestinian confederation, that could include Jordan, but that must go through the stage of two States.” Photo : Palestine and Jordan from 1923 to 1947.
  • 28. Ofer Bronchtein “ There are 500 000 Palestinians in South America. They don’t want to come back: all that matters to them, is to obtain a Palestinian passport.” “ If we reach a real peace, two States and open borders, we can imagine a confederation between Palestine and Israel, maybe with Jordan. That is the path of the future.” “ Palestine is totally devastated. And in Israel, something within Israelis is broken: security, the vision of others, respect. We have a lot to rebuild on both sides for a better future.” “ Suicide bombings are absolutely unacceptable, and what’s more, totally useless.” Photo : Ofer Bronchtein (Israeli, former collaborator of Itzhak Rabin) is given an honorific Palestinian passport by Mahmud Abbas, Palestinian Authority President, in April 2011
  • 29. Anis Al-Qaq Palestinian born in 19??. Studies dental surgery in Syria and England. Works as dentist for 20 years in East Jerusalem. Founder in 1984 of the first Palestinian national theatre and in 1989 of the NGO Health Services Council. Coordinates Palestinian NGO, and is later Secretary of State for International Cooperation in charge of the relations between the Palestinian Authority and international organisations. Together with Ofer Bronchtein, whom he befriended after the Oslo agreements in 1993, initiates the Israeli-Palestinian Parliamentary Forum and in 2002, the International Peace Forum. In 2003, is named ambassador of the Palestinian Authority in Bern, Switzerland. “ I believe that Palestine and the rest of the Arab world need to study the Holocaust, and in consequence, this subject should be included in history books.” Photo : The Holocaust (catastrophe)
  • 30. Mazin Qumsiyeh Palestinian, born in 1957, researcher in biology and genetics, professor at Bethlehem and Bir-Zeit, after having taught in the USA. President of the Centre for Rapprochement Between People. Important figure of the popular resistance, in which he takes active part and organises, collaborates with many civil society peace movements. His book A popular history of Palestinian Resistance synthesises a huge amount of information from a variety of original sources with the aim of presenting a thorough study of civil resistance in Palestine. “A strong book that reveals human suffering provoked by the destruction of the Palestinian people (whose) methods of resistance, based on active nonviolence, deserve to be known by the international community.” Mairead Maguire
  • 31. Marwan Barghouti Born in 1959, Palestinian politician. At the age of 18, is arrested by Israel for his activist involvement in pro-Palestinian groups, learns Hebrew in prison. Holds a Bachelor in history and political science and a Masters in international relations. One the main leaders of the first Intifada (uprising) in 1987. Is elected in the Palestinian legislative Council in 1996, where he defends the need to establish peace with Israel. Secretary General of the Fatah for Palestine, leads campaigns against corruption and human rights within the Fatah. Chief of Tanzim, armed section of the Fatah, during the second Intifada. Escapes, in 2001, an attempted assassination by Israeli secret services. Is arrested and imprisoned in 2002. Sentenced in June 2004 to life imprisonment for the assassination of five Israeli civilians. Incarcerated in 2002 in the Israeli high security prison of Hadarim (photo below). .. / ..
  • 32. Marwan Barghouti Has always condemned attacks against civilians. From his cell, invites Palestinians to national reconciliation and initiates the Document of Palestinian prisoners, proposing to form a coalition government, also calls to a cease-fire and to a negotiation with Israel on the basis of the 1967 borders. In April 2012, sentenced by the Palestinian authorities for having called for “pacifist popular resistance.” Often compared to Nelson Mandela. “ The apartheid did not survive in South Africa, and the apartheid will not survive in Palestine.” M.B. “ A man who, in his prison cell, plays and will play, it is certain, once freed, a major role to move the lines and open new relations with Israel.” Isabelle Durant, Vice President of the European Parliament Portrait of M. Barghouti on the separation wall in Kalandia
  • 33. Marwan Barghouti “I call the Palestinian people to launch a wide civil disobedience movement against the Israeli occupation.” (15 May 2017) “The apartheid did not survive in South Africa and will not survive in Palestine.” “A hunger strike is the most peaceful form of resistance. It only inflicts pain on those who participate in it and their loved ones, in the hope that their empty stomachs and sacrifice will allow their message to echo beyond the walls of their dark cells.” “A man who from his prison, plays and will play, will certainly, once freed, play a major role in shifting positions and opening new relations with Israel.” Isabelle Durand, Vice-President of the EU Parliament
  • 34. Ameer Mackhoul and Janan Abdu A.M, born in 1959, Christian Palestinian and citizen of Israel, director of Ittijah, Union of Arab Community-Based Associations. Arrested in May 2010 by the Israeli police. Is sentenced in January 2011 to 9 years imprisonment for having “collaborated with terrorists” due to his support to non recognised villages in Neguev and for having worked in a Palestinian union against the occupation. After a hunger strike, is transferred from the Gilboa to Meggido close to Haifa. J.A, A., M’s wife, former social worker, studied law in order to defend political prisoners. Coordinates the “Prisoners rights” project at the Arab Association for Human Rights. This association raises public opinion’s awareness of the situation of 4 700 political prisoners and has led to international solidarity actions.
  • 35. Eitan Bronstein Aparicio and Éléonore Merza Bronstein • E.B.A., born in Argentinian 1960, emigrates to Israel at the age of 5. Serves in the Israeli army and 3 times, refuses to serve as reserve soldier in Lebanon and Palestine. Studies hermeneutics at Bar Ilan University. In 2001, founds Zochrot( in Hebrew “They remember”), and organisation based in Tel Aviv and dedicated to the memory of the Nakba (“catastrophe” in Arab, referring to the 1948 exodus of 750 000 Palestinians chased from their homes and villages). E.M.B., French, her mother if Jewish Algerian-Alsatian mother and her father Syrian, is chased from the Golan by the Israeli army. Is a political anthropologist. In 2015, the co-found De-Colonizer, an alternative research centre, virtual and trilingual (French, Hebrew and English) laboratory, which looks beyond political and symbolic borders, creating a new extra-territorial space using different types of tools and projects, in order to support all those who wish to live together in a true equality between Palestine and Israel. They believe Israel must recognise its historical responsibility in the eviction of Palestinians, and repair this injustice by granting all refugees and unalienable right to return. ../..
  • 36. Eitan Bronstein Aparicio and Éléonore Merza Bronstein They are the authors of a map entitled “Colonialism in desctru(a)ction,” which lists all the Palestinian, Jewish and Syrian localities destroyed since the first wave of Zionist migration (end of XIXth Century): 750 000 Palestinians and 130 000 Syrians were displaced. The localities destroyed before 1948 are marked in blue, the 1948 destructions in red, and the 1967-2016 destructions in green. All together, 801 Palestinian localities, 194 Syrian localities and 44 Jewish localities have been destroyed since the beginning of the XIXth Century. Thanks to the tight collaboration with researcher Ariella Azoulay, this map lists for the first time the non-aggressive initiatives that existed between Jewish and Palestinian villages, a type of solidarity that existed before 1948 and that was destroyed by Zionism. In 2012, for the first time, a public commemoration of the Nakba was organised in Tel Aviv University by Jewish and Palestinian students, in spite of the 2011 Israeli Law that forbids it.
  • 37. Dror Moreh Born in 1961, Israeli film maker. His film The Gatekeepers (2012) is awarded best documentary at the 85th Academy Awards. It is a compilation of interviews of former Israeli secret services directors who recount their experiences at the head of the Shin Beth : Ami Ayalon, Avi Dichter, Yuval Diskin, Carmi Gillon, Yaakov Peri and Avraham Shalom. Very critical towards the politics led by their governments (except the one of Yitzhak Rabin), they talk about the errors, tortures, unrighteous methods and recruitment of informers, that amplified the hatred of the occupied population. They all defend the idea of a radical political change in Israel : the search for peace and recognition of the Palestinian State, as soon as possible. “ We have won all the battles, but we have lost the war !” Ami Ayalon “ When you leave Shin Beth, we become a leftist…” Yaakov Peri
  • 38. Gadi Algazi Born in 1961. Refuznik, he is imprisoned during 10 months for having refused to serve on occupied territories in 1979. He is freed thanks to a citizens’ campaign in his favour. With a History PhD from the University of Göttingen (Germany), he is Professor of Medieval History at Tel Aviv University. Co-founder and animator of the Judeo-Arab movement Taayoush (or Ta’ayush, “living together” in Arabic) created in 2000. This movement, network of several Palestinian and Israeli organisations, combines nonviolent actions with reflection, in order to fight against the Israeli occupation of Palestine and the escalation of violence between Israel and Palestine. Taayoush sometimes brings together groups of Israelis to help Palestinians harvest olives and to protect them. It helps Palestinians contact lawyers, journalists, tries to alert the international community on exactions committed by the colonisers, gives video material to Palestinians for them to testify against abuses.
  • 39. Miko Peled Israeli born in 1961, son of General Mattityahu Peled (1923-1995), who was a peace activist and one of the main partisans of a dialogue between Israel and the PLO, in favour of the retreat from occupied territories. Miko’s access to Israeli archives allowed him, in 2002, to publish a book denouncing the war crimes committed by his country. Karate instructor in San Diego (USA), trains to leadership and nonviolent resolution of conflicts through martial arts, teaches karate to Palestinian children in refugee camps. Co-founder of the Elbanna-Peled Foundation, based in Coronado (California), that supports grassroots organisations that strives for the nonviolent resolution of conflicts. Supports the Boycott, Disinvestment, Sanctions (BDS) movement against Israeli occupation. “ For many nations, the separation wall must be destroyed, the Israeli control over Palestinians must stop, a secular democracy where Israelis and Palestinians live as equals must be established in our common homeland.”
  • 40. Alexis Keller Swiss, born in 1962, Doctor in Political Science, professor of Law at Geneva University. Receives his education in Cambridge (UK), invited to teach at the Kennedy School of Government (Harvard, USA) and Sciences-Po (Paris, France). Is one of the main Swiss instigators of the Geneva Agreements (1st December 2003) for a rapprochement between Israelis and Palestinians, complementary to the Roadmap defined by the Quartet (UN, EU, USA and Russia) on the basis of a two-State solution. “ In July-August 2003, I had the impression that the negotiations would never reach an agreement. Both parties continued to stumble on the same problems, such as the return of refugees or the establishment of borders. I told them about my doubts and warned them that I would withdraw soon if a decisive step was not taken.”
  • 41. Mitri Raheb Born in 1962, Palestinian Christian, doctor in Theology from the University of Marburg (Germany). Minister for the Lutheran Evangelical Church and founder and president of the Diyar consortium, a group of ecumenical Lutheran institutions working in the Bethlehem region (Dar Annadwa Addawliyya, meeting centre, health centre; Dar Al Kalim, artistic college). Honorary doctorate from the Concordia University in Chicago (2003) for his “exceptional contribution to Christian education through his research and publications” and for his “interreligious work in favour of the establishment of peace between Israel and Palestine.” 2015 Olof Palme Awardee “for his courageous and relentless struggle against the occupation and violence and for a future for the Middle East, grounded on the peaceful coexistence and equality of all.” In 2012, receives the German Media Award for his “tireless work in the creation of spaces of hope for his people, living under Israeli occupation, by establishing excellency institutions for education, culture and health.
  • 42. Qadora Fares Palestinian born in 1962, member of the Fatah, arrested in 1980 for armed resistance. Spends 14 years in prison. Minister without portfolio in Ahmed Qorei’s government, is responsible of the coordination bureau that settles Israel’s retreat from Palestinian towns. One of the head’s of Fatah, he participates in the elaboration of the Geneva Agreements. Speaks fluent Hebrew. Close to Marwan Barghouti. “ Demanding the return of all refugees on Palestine’s historic territory means putting into question Israel’s very existence (…).” ‟ For half a century, we have agitated unrealistic slogans and led our people from abyss to abyss (…).” ‟ Take for example a Palestinian living in the Ain El-Heloue camp (close to Saida in Lebanon), who has no fixed employment and who, to repair his shower, must request multiple authorisations. .. / ..
  • 43. Qadora Fares If you ask him to abandon his right to return against the possibility of emigrating to Canada (with a Palestinian passport, an important financial compensation, an option to acquire a Canadian passport), do you think he will still be attached to the dream of what we call the right to return ?” “A people without hope can bang its head against the wall (…). Establishing a relation, even negative, makes us understand that our enemy is human (…). Israel cannot make us disappear, and neither can make Israel disappear.” The Geneva initiative, or Geneva Agreements, is an alternative peace plan signed on 1st December 2003 in Geneva. Its main writers are former Ministers Yossi Belin (Israeli ) and Yasser Abd Rabbo (Palestinian), under the impulse of Swiss lawyer Alexis Keller: - Shared sovereignty of Jerusalem, capital of both States - Evacuation by Israel of 98% of Palestine (most of which constitutes colonies) - Concerning the right to return of Palestinians, a compensation for refugees who would have the choice between: an establishment in the future Palestinian State, definitively remain in the host country, the establishment in a third country, or a return to Israel.
  • 44. Ariella Azoulay Born in 1962, is an Israeli author, exhibition commissioner, photographer, film-maker, and photography and visual culture theorist. She holds a degree from the Paris VIII University, the École des Hautes Études en Sciences Sociales and from the University of Tel Aviv. She is also professor in Comparative Literature and of Modern Culture and Media at the Watson Institute for International and Public Affairs at the Brown University (USA). Analyses over 200 photographs from the 1947-1950 period, many of which were kept in the Israeli State’s archives, to prove the eviction of Palestinians and the origins of the conflict. “ The regime in place here conducts operations on two fronts: with sophisticate modern weapons, it aims at Arabs. Simultaneously, we, its privileged citizens, are also the target, aimed at with an old but as sophisticated weapon, propaganda (…). It has now been 60 years since we started authorising evictions, destructions, assassinations. And it has been 60 years that we have been repeating like parrots the words of the regime in place, that makes Palestinians responsible of their own suffering.”
  • 45. David Neuhaus Born in 1962 in South Africa in an Israeli Jew family having fled Nazi Germany, migrates to Jerusalem at the age of 15, doctor in political sciences from the Hebraic University of Jerusalem. During his military service, refuses to point his gun at “men and women who have the same right as me to live on this land”. As conscientious objector, is detained for several weeks in a military prison. For 12 years, practices as patriarchal vicar for Hebrew speaking Catholics in Israel. Represents the Christians of the Holy land (2% of Israeli and Palestinian population), caught between “a Jewish nationalism that marginalises and discriminates them” and “an Arab nationalism whose more and more Islamic expression they do not support”. Affable and generous, he is a prominent figure of the Jewish-Christian dialogue. “The current challenge consists in creating oasis’ of faith, prayer, engagement towards justice and peace for all without exception.”
  • 46. Jamal Khader Born in 1964, Palestinian, doctor in theology form the ‘Pontifical Gregorian University’ in Rome, member of the ‘Theological Reflexion Committee’ of the Latin Patriarchate and the ‘Committee for Dialogue with the Jews’. Teaches at the Beit Jala seminar, the University of Bethlehem, the Beit Sahur Emmaüs Centre and the Mar Elias of Ibillin college. He also teaches peace studies and conflict resolution studies for a Masters programme in international cooperation and development (MICAD). Co-author of the Kairos Palestine 2009 Declaration, which calls for a nonviolent struggle to end the unjust occupation of Palestine. “We see no significant effort from the international community to end the occupation of Palestinian territories. This injustice offers fertile ground for all sorts of extremisms, including religious.” “There are many Jews who seek peace, and we can work together, but fundamentalist rabbis represent a real threat for our future coexistence and peace.”
  • 47. Khalil Alamour Born in 1965, Bedouin Arab, Israeli citizen, professor of mathematics, he becomes a lawyer for the Adala association. There are 200 000 Bedouins in Israel. Half live in 7 town built by Israel to push them out of their land. The other half live in 46 villages, 11 in process of being recognised, 35 not recognised. He defends the Alsira village : 70 houses doomed to destruction. Holds a property right, a 1921 land purchase certificate, authentically stamped by the Ottoman and the British Empires. The villagers have neither an address, means of transport, elected council, running water (they collect rain water), electricity (they have installed sun panels), nor healthcare. “ One family has seen its house destroyed 62 times, and re-built it 62 times…”
  • 48. Suleiman Baraka Palestinian born in 1965 in Gaza. Sufi astrophysicist. Attracted to physics since his beginnings at the Abu Dis University of Jerusalem. Masters is theoretic physics at the Islamic University of Gaza, doctorate in astrophysics at the Pierre and Marie Curie University in France. Professor in Libya. Returns to Gaza, is arrested by the Israelis and incarcerated in a prison known as the “slaughterhouse”, where he spends 64 days of unbearable agony. After the Oslo Agreements in 1993, works in the field of international relations for the Palestinian Authority. When the Hamas takes over, leaves for the USA and obtains a notorious position at the Aero-spatial National Institute of NASA. When the Israeli army penetrates Gaza in 2008, his son Ibrahim, 11 years old (photo), dies in the bombings of the family house. In spite of his confinement in Gaza, continues to work with the members of NASA, ESA and Roscosmos (Russian spatial agency), shows stars to children. “ I believe in a one State solution for Palestinians and Israelis.”
  • 49. Bassem Tamimi Palestinian school teacher born in 1967. Is one of the leaders of the popular nonviolent resistance in Palestine, and more precisely, in the village of Nabi Saleh. Organises nonviolent marches and actions of protest against the separation wall and Israeli colonies in Palestine. Sentenced in 2011 by the Israeli martial court to 3 years imprisonment for “administrative reasons,” without a legal decision. His house is raided, his wife arrested twice, and two of his children wounded. Declared “Human Rights Defender” by the European Union and “Opinion Prisoner” by Amnesty International. “ We want to reveal Israel’s great lie, according to which Palestine would be a land without people, when we are actually a people deprived from its land (…). The 3rd Intifada will be nonviolent.”
  • 50. Dror Etkes Israeli born in 1968. His grandparents are exterminated during the Holocaust. Studies history. During his military service within Tsahal, refuses to burn the feet of Palestinians with a lighter. Responsible, between 2002 and 2007, within Shalom Akhshav (Peace Now), of the Colonisation Observatory (studies official publications, direct terrestrial and aerial observations). Later directs, within the same organisation, the Yesh Din (There is a Justice) programme : legal struggle against the politics of colonisation. “ We may have occupied the territories in 1967 because we were in danger. But the question of the colonies is completely different. It is the result of greed, and have nothing to do with Jewish distress.” ../..
  • 51. Dror Etkes “ The more they build, the more colonists push back the solution of the conflict thanks to two distinct States (…). If France managed to repatriate one million Blackfoots, we can do the same with the colonists within the Geneva Agreement borders (…). I am not saying that the evacuation of the colonies will put an end to the conflict. It is a first step, and one of the most difficult ones, but an indispensable – yet insufficient – condition of an agreement.” “ Soon, half of the Israeli population will be Arab! Anyone could have predicted that in 1967. It is pathetic and shows how immature Israel’s politics are.” Photo : Peace Now logo; The Israeli colony of Har homa, built in South-East Jerusalem, in the Arab area of Mount Abu Ghneim.
  • 52. Jawad Siyam Born in 1969, Palestinian teacher and social worker, lives in the area of Silwan in East Jerusalem, from which Israelis, due to the history of the location (City of David) and their archaeological excavations, want to chase away the Palestinians living there. There are 250 000 Palestinians in East Jerusalem and 50 000 is Silwan, with youth representing 50% of this population. Founder and director of Wadi Hilweh Information Centre, a cultural association (music, dance, arts) that defends a nonviolent Palestinian identity (information on the violation of human rights, council and legal assistance). Organises sit-ins and protests against arrests. “ We were colonised by the Romans, the Turks, the British, and today, the Israelis, but we stay hopeful. We are not allowed to loose hope.”
  • 53. Rami Elhanan and Ghazi Briegeith R.E, born in 19??, Israeli, graphic designer in Jerusalem. In 1997, his daughter Smadar dies in a suicide bombing caused by a Palestinian kamikaze. With his wife, becomes aware that the bombing was caused by the occupation, decides to forgive and becomes a member of Parents Circle. In September 2010, is a member of the crew aboard the Irene catamaran that denounces the blockade on Gaza. G.B, electrician and plastic artist living in Hebron. His brother is killed in 2000 by a young Israeli soldier at a check point. Becomes a member of Parents Circle. “We don’t need love to build a bridge between both nations: we need respect,” he says. Both are also members of the association Forgiveness Project.
  • 54. Daoud and Jihan Nassar Born in 1970, Lutheran Palestinian, studies theology in Linz (Austria), holds a Masters in business management. Together with his brothers and sisters, his wife Jihan and their three children, works the Hope Farm, surrounded by 5 Israeli illegal colonies in Nahalin, Palestine (9 km south of Bethlehem). In possession of the property acts since 1916, nonviolently resist against any initiative or threat of demolition of the buildings (animal shelters, water tanks, toilets, the Peace Grotto, etc.), replants olive trees to replace those cut down by the Israeli colonists. Founder in 2000 and animator of the peace project Tent of Nations, that promotes understanding between people and cultures. Young visitors from around the world are hosted under the tents.
  • 55. Daoud and Jihan Nassar The declaration “We refuse to be enemies”, that inspires the action of Tents of Nations is written on a rock at the entrance of the farm (photo above). On 19 May 2014, Israeli bulldozers arrived in the fertile valley of the farm and where Nassar’s family planted fruit trees 10 years ago, and destroyed the terraces and all the trees: over 1 500 Apricot trees, apple tress and vines were pulled out and buried (photo below). The family’s lawyer is preparing the documents to fill a complaint. International protest is getting organised.
  • 56. Murad Alkhufash Nasser Abufarha M.A.: Palestinian born in 1970. With the independent Palestinian Centre for development MA’AN, develop is 1992 a first permaculture farm in Marda. In 2000, the second Intifada puts a brutal end to it. During 6 years, deepens his knowledge in permaculture by regularly working in a farm in Tennessee (USA). The Global Ecovillage Network (GEN), international network for ecological and social initiatives, helps him financially to conceive his own project for his natal village. Back in Marda in 2006, he opens a demonstration site for permaculture in Palestine, the Marda Permaculture Farm, affiliated to the GEN. N.A.F. : Palestinian-American (USA) born in 1964, is the director of Canaan, a Palestinian firm created in 2005, that commercialises olive oil. It pays farmers double the market price in exchange of a pesticide-free production, that respects the rules of organic agriculture (Ecocert). It brings together small olive oil producers in federative cooperatives within the Palestinian Fair Trade Association (PFTA) : 55 cooperatives and over 1500 farmers.
  • 57. Ziad Medoukh Born in 1970, Palestinian, Masters in French as a foreign language didactics from Grenoble University. Doctor in Science of Language from Paris VIII university. In charge of the French department at the Al Aqsa University in Gaza since 2006 and founder of the Centre for Peace in the same university in 2007. Named Ambassador of peace by the Universal Circle if Peace Ambassadors.* Awarded the Bajaj International Prize 2017 for the promotion of Gandhi’s values. Holds conferences on Gaza and Palestine, Israeli oppression, recommends nonviolent resistance and multiplies, in France and Europe, meetings with associations and youth networks. “ Today, living in Gaza, organising one’s life, educating one’s children, are already a form of nonviolent resistance, spontaneously chosen by the civilian population : 94% of children are schooled, which testifies of these families’ strength to resist.” * Created in 2004 in France and Switzerland, the Circle, that gathers 100 people, aims at “creating a universal link for peace” between actors, craftsmen, organisations and international peace families.
  • 58. Younes Arar Palestinian born in 1971. Imprisoned for 6 months at the age of 17 for having thrown stones at the Israeli army. Studies hotel management, works in Dubai, but is “haunted” by his country, and returns to his village of Beit Ommar where he takes up farming and directs a small agricultural cooperative. Everyday, to go to work, crosses 4 check-points. In 2007, studies at the peace department of the Pontifical University in Rome. Co-founder in September 2001 of the Popular Resistance High Follow Up Commission, that gathers popular resistance committees. “ We can live in peace with each other, we must! (…) By fearing death, we will never prevail. But I want to live! And it is become I want to live that I resist.”
  • 59. Musa Abu Maria Palestinian born in 19??. Political prisoner between 1999 and 2003, tortured, hospitalised following ill treatments. Arrested again in 2009 and freed thanks to the intervention of Amnesty International and Israeli human rights associations. Coordinates popular resistance in Palestine. Founder of Palestine Solidarity Project. This association, founded in 2006 in the Beit Ommar village (southern Palestine), opposes Israel’s occupation of the land through nonviolent direct action. “ We firmly believe in the concept of “firmness” as a form of resistance. For many communities with which we work, remaining on the land in spite of the intimidation, violence, economic strangling and attempts to forcefully displace them, is an act of resistance.”
  • 60. Yonatan Shapira Born in 19??, Israeli, ex-Air Force officer. In September 2003, is among the 27 pilots who declare they refuse to go on missions on occupied territories. Is dismissed from the army. Denounces Israel’s crimes against humanity.* Founder, together with Palestinian Soulim Khatib, of the Israeli- Palestinian association Combatants for Peace, that leads a nonviolent struggle against Israel’s occupation of Palestine and argues for a peaceful solution between both people. Calls to boycott and international sanctions against Israel, participates in maritime demonstrations to denounce the blockade of Gaza. * In July 2002, to kill a Hamas leader in Gaza, an Israeli F16 dropped a bomb and killed 14 people, 9 of which were children. During the “Cast Lead” operation (22 days of bombing from Dec. 2008 to Jan. 2009), 1 400 Palestinians were killed, etc.
  • 61. Abdel Kader Al-Husseini Palestinian born in 1972. Studies business law, works in a bank between 1996 and 1999. When his father, Faisal Al-Husseini, dies, creates and directs the Faisal Al-Husseini Foundation that brings an answer to social problems, education and healthcare for Palestinians in Jerusalem. Member of Fatah, signs the Geneva Agreements. After sheikh Ahmed Yassin’s assassination, calls Palestinians to not answer with violence. “ When you demonstrate peacefully, the world cannot close its eyes and let Israelis do whatever they want (…). If we one day reach peace, the Israelis will have their army and taxes to pay for it. We will not have an army, we will rebuild our economy and will be able to sell at a lower price! A new type of competition will be born.”
  • 62. Ali Abu Awwad Born in 1972, Palestinian peace activist. Former armed activist, discovers nonviolence in prison, obtains his transfer after a 17 days hunger strike. Founds Taghyeer (Change), a Palestinian national nonviolent movement, convinced that nonviolence is the only way to bring back peace in the region and put an end to the Israeli occupation. End 2014, creates the Palestinian centre for nonviolence Karama (Dignity), on his family’s land located between Bethlehem and Hebron. Lives in a “cabin of nonviolence” in Beit Ummar, on Palestinian occupied territories. Creates Roots with Israeli Shaul Judelman, and Leaders Leading for Peace with local Israeli activists to engage both communities and their leaders to find a fair resolution to the conflict. Travels the world with Robi Damelin (photo below), a Jewish woman who lost her son to a Palestinian sniper, and rabbi Hana Schlesinger. “ You cannot practice nonviolence without listening to the other side’s version. But first, you must renounce the status of victim. The Jews are not my enemy. Fear is.”
  • 63. Ramzy Baroud Born is a refugee camp in Gaza in 1972, after his father was chased from his village during the Nakba. Palestinian-American journalist, writer and political analyst. Taught mass communication at the Curtin University of Technology and Australia and Malasia. Chief editor of The Brunei Times (paper and online versions) and of the website Palestine Chronicle, source of information and analysis of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. Has also worked on the Israeli assault on Jenin Refugee Camp in 2002, in reaction to Palestinian attacks. “Palestinian resistance organisations must abstain from aiming at Israeli civilians (…). This decision is imperative if the Palestinian struggle wants to preserve its historical values and moral superiority.”
  • 64. Ramzy Baroud “ Palestinian resistance has mainly taken the form of nonviolent popular movement. This one will continue for as long as the circumstances which led to its appearance remain.” “ Palestinians are not the victims of a natural disaster but of a siege, that results from the political decisions taken by the Israeli government. For Palestinians, negotiations have led nowhere. The campaign Boycott, Disinvest, Sanction is more efficient than any humanitarian project. BDS is a nonviolent strategy, which is where lies its efficiency. It must be coupled with another campaign, an informative campaign, in order to touch the public as largely as possible.”
  • 65. Abdullah Abu Rahma Born in 1973 ?, Palestinian living in Bil’in, village of 1 800 inhabitants in Palestine, deprived from his land after the construction of the separation wall. Coordinator of the Bil’in Popular Committee against the Separation Wall and the Colonies. Since January 2005, the village has been organising weekly nonviolent demonstrations, every Friday, against the construction of the wall, together with Israelis and internationals. He obtained from the Israeli Supreme Court, in 2007, for the wall to be moved. Arrested in December 2009 for detention of Israeli used weapons after having organised an exhibition on the grenades used against demonstrators. 25 committees of popular resistance adopted similar methods of action. “ Our only enemy is the occupation (…). Nonviolence is efficient. It is something we are proud of. Our Intifada is peaceful, and that is why it is powerful.”
  • 66. Mohammed Khatib Born in 1974, Palestinian activist, spokesperson for the Bil’in popular committee. This Palestinian village of 1600 inhabitants, located 16km from Ramallah, has seen more than half its territory confiscated in the construction of new colonies. Strangled by the wall, Bil’in has known the fate of many isolated Palestinian villages such as Kharbata, Safa, Deir Qadis, whose inhabitants are reduced to a life of misery or exile. Israeli and Palestinian citizens debate and fight together there against the wall and colonisation in general, within the organisation Tayyush (Together). “We demonstrate every Friday. The deep meaning of our action is the struggle againt Israeli occupation, but not against the Israeli people. We give out flyers to soldiers, telling them we are not against them but against what they represent, that is occupation. Each month, we meet with representatives of the Israeli Coalition against the Wall Group, and internationals. The struggle must be triangular.”
  • 67. Abou Alaa Mansour Born in 1978 ?, Palestinian activist, member of the Bil’in Popular Committee. Fights against Israeli land-grabbing and against the wall, a barrier contested not only by Palestinians , since in 2007, the Israeli Supreme Court unanimously judged its outline prejudiced Bil’in inhabitants and that it should be modified. “The Israeli strategy aims make the nonviolent method fail, given its implication in revealing what is actually happening in Palestine with regard to the occupation. Bil’in is not only a symbol of nonviolence, it is also the symbol of the assassination of Bassem Abu Rahma by the Israeli army, a young man who was asking the soldiers not to shoot because the march was a pacific one. In Bil’in, in a year and a half, 5 demonstrators have fallen as martyrs, most of them were boys.” Photo below: A young man climbs onto the seperation wall. In the back, the Israeli colony of Modin Illit, one of the biggest in Palestine. Michael Sfard, Israeli lawyer and cofounder of Yesh Din, a human rights defence organisation, managed to prove that the outline had not been established for security reasons, but to allow the extension of this colony.
  • 68. Hillel Kogan et Adi Boutros H.K.: Born in 1974, his parents emigrate from USSR. Choreographic assistant to Ohad Naharin within the Batsheva Ensemble, he has created choreographies since 1996. In 2013, creates the show We Love Arabs : an Israeli choreography chosen by an Arab dancer to create a show carrying a peace and coexistence message. Along this corrosive parody mixing choreographic and racist clichés, the self-glorified creator finds himself trapped in wrong ideas that he pretends to fight against. After an hour of laughter, the actors dance in a same communion around a shared plate of hummus. This show, played in three languages (Hebrew, French and English) travels the world and earns him several international prizes and international recognition. A.B: Palestinian dancer of Israeli nationality. “ I needed to talk with humour about the delicate relations between our two people, and especially the underlying racism that they lead to. My play is a satire and a parody. The comical approach allows us to examine these questions with lighter emotions, with less pain. And the most important is that it finally gives us the opportunity for self-derision.”
  • 69. Mira Awad Born in 1975, native of Rama, village of Galilee, holds Israeli nationality. Daughter of an Arab Palestinian Christian doctor and a Bulgarian mother, Slavic language specialist. Graduated from Rimon music school (is Rama Ha Sharon). Becomes a singer and actress. In 2009, is the first Arab singer to run for Israel in the Eurovision, alongside Israeli Jewish singer of Yemenite origin Achinoam Nini, a.k.a Noa. Both artists never miss an opportunity to sing together. (Photo below). Has never stopped believing in tolerance, mutual comprehension and dialogue between both communities. In Mona, a TV series written by Mira Awad for Israeli public television, an Arab Palestinian from Israel living in Tel-Aviv, is in love with Israeli Jew from Sderot, until the military operation Protection Border in Gaza interrupts their idyll… “The national hymn, Hatikva, does not make me shiver. What’s more, I believe it is still necessary to fight for peace and the coexistence between Israelis and Palestinians.”
  • 70. Tsahi Halevi et Lucy Aharish Tsahi Halevi, born in 1975, Israeli actor. Namely plays the role of Naor in Israeli series Fauda. In October 2015, marries Lucy Aharish, Arab Israeli journalist born in 1981, and first Arab Israeli to present the news in Hebrew on Israeli Channel 10. Their marriage provokes critical reactions from Israeli ultra- conservatives, including from within the government. The ultra-orthodox Interior Minister Arie Dery says, live on radio, that their marriage “is not a good thing”. He worries for the future of their children, and invites the bride to convert to Judaism, concluding on the harmful effects of “the assimilation that consumes the Jewish people”. Bentzi Gopstein, chief of extreme right organisation Lehava (“The flame”), known for his anti-biracial relationships, condemns the marriage and calls the groom to “preserve the dignity of the Jewish people”. His statement provokes a wave of support towards to bride and groom. “Congratulations and happiness to the beautiful couple” declares Labour MP Shelly Yachimovich (born in 1960, photo below), journalist, TV and radio presenter.
  • 71. Vittorio Arrigoni (1975-2011), Italian reporter and activist. Member of the NGO International Solidarity Movement, settles in Gaza in 2008. Is imprisoned by Israeli soldiers after embarking on flotilla, collaborates with Il Manifesto. With the same publishers, publishes Restiamo umani, a synthesis of his reports about Gaza. During the “Cast lead” operation, becomes internationally known through his blog Radio Guerilla, only source for the West to obtain information about Gaza, at a time when no journalist is given access to it. In January 2011, publishes a manifesto written by Gaza youth. Is assassinated by the Jahafil Al-Tawhid Wal-Jihad fi Filastin salafists, who had taken him hostage in order to obtain from the Hamas the liberation of several of their members, including Sheikh Hicham al- Soueidani. Describes the Israeli government as one of the worse apartheid regimes in the world, states that the Israeli blockade on Gaza is criminal. Does not support the Hamas, which, according to him, considerably limits human rights.
  • 72. Bassem et Jawaher Abu Rahma Born in 1978, Palestinian activist. One of the main actors of the popular resitance in Bil’in village. On 7 April 2009, during a protest march against the wall, asks the soldiers not to shoot because the march is a peaceful one. He dies in hospital at the age of 31, after having been shot with a tear gas grenade aimed directly at his chest. The Israeli military investigators closed their investigation without a conviction, on the grounds of a lack of proof and despite the fact that the incident was filmed by three separate cameras. His sister, Jawaher Abu Rahma, is asphyxiated to death on 1st January 2011 after Israeli soldiers shot tens of grenades on nonviolent demonstrators.
  • 73. Rachel Corrie (1979-2003) American activist of Jewish origin, volunteers in the International Solidarity Movement (ISM). Dies on 16th March 2003 in Gaza, during the second Intifada, run over by an Israel bulldozer as she was attempting to stop, peacefully and along with other members of her organisation, the destruction of a Palestinian doctor’s house. Members of ISM present on the scene say the bulldozer driver deliberately killed R.C, running over her twice. The young woman had stood in front of the machine, so as to be seen by the driver and make him stop from demolishing the house. According to the Israeli army, the driver did not see her, saying she would have been standing in a blind spot.
  • 74. Fathy Khdirat Born in 19??, Palestinian, founding member and coordinator of the Jordan Valley Solidarity association. The latter is supported by international volunteers from around the world, who defend the rights of Palestinians to live on their land. “ The Jordan valley represents approximately 30% of Palestine’s territory, and 95% of this land is in occupied territory. Our group has decided to fight, build, resist and help people live on this land, their country of origin, because we realise Israel intends to evict everyone from this area. If there is no water, there is no life. Stopping people from using water resources means forcing them to leave their land.’
  • 75. Anna Baltzer Born in 1979, she is an American-Jew, coordinator of the US Campaign for Palestinian Rights in the USA, a conference speaker and author. Since 2000, she regularly goes to Palestine as volunteer for the International Women Peace Service (IWPS), in order to raise awareness of the human right violations and to support Palestinian nonviolent resistance. She denounces the neutrality of the self-righteous who do not want to take part in the conflict, although, as for the civil rights movement in the USA, it concerns the fight of an oppressed people against a characterised situation of oppression. She has held over 500 conference throughout the world to talk about the colonies, the Wall, the censorship, the 1948 Nakba, the Palestinian refugees, Gaza, Israeli activism, the Palestinian nonviolent resistance movement. She insists on nonviolent demonstrations, education, and encourages dialogue to find solutions.
  • 76. Fatima Khaldi Born in 19??, she an activist and Palestinian social worker. With the Union of Palestinian Women, she has created children’s gardens that function as schools during the day, and are spaces for women to meet during the afternoon. Currently, she worked for the International Women Peace Service (IWPS), and animates Women for Life in Salfit. After a two-week summer camp in July 2004, creates with other the Flowers against Occupation group, a group of young women who live in occupied Palestine. This group meets twice a week for workshops on subjects such as art, English, dance, music, girls’ health, girls’ confidence and violence against girls. “ We want to show the world that we reject Israeli violence and racism, that we believe in the just nature of our cause and that our determination is stronger than any Israeli weapon and that, for a better life, Palestinian women are able to accomplish what seems impossible.”
  • 77. Issa Amro Palestinian born in 1980. In January 2003, protests against the Israeli army’s decision to close the Polytechnical University of Palestine (where he is studying his last year to become an engineer), considered as being in a military zone. Together with other students, he organises civil disobedience actions. He is responsible for organising Youth against settlements, and becomes a figure of Palestinian contestation of the Israeli occupation. He documents human rights violations in occupied territory, gives cameras to Palestinian families for them to film and show the daily violence they suffer. In 2010, is declared “Human Rights Defender of the Year in Palestine” by the UN Human Rights Office of the High Commission, namely for his security given the numerous cases of harassment by soldiers and Israeli settlers and well as arbitrary detentions he suffers from. In 2015, he dissuades young Palestinians from committing knife attacks and recommends a nonviolent approach of their resistance. He is arrested and charged in 2016 after having demonstrated for free movement in Hebron.
  • 78. Ronit Avni Born In 1980 in Rio de Janeiro, American, Canadian and Israeli citizen, author and film maker. Since 1998, has been studying Middle Eastern history ate Columbia University in New York. Founder in 2003 and general director of Just Vision, in Washington. This awareness raising organisation, which supports Palestinians and Israelis acting for “freedom, dignity, security and peace using nonviolent means,” demands the end of the occupation and establishment of Israeli colonies on Palestinian territories. She creates documentary films in Hebrew, Arab and English (Home Front, Budrus, Encounter Point) and acts as exchange platform for the various actors and movements in the field. “ Changes in today’s world start from the grassroots and are finally led by the government: ecology, feminism, civic rights movements, etc. The Israeli-Palestinian conflict is no different. Politicians will eventually follow, but I am worried about who will lead.”
  • 79. Yehuda Shaul Israeli born in 1982 in an Jewish Orthodox family, does his military service during three years in a unit combatting in occupied territories, where he observes the damages done by the occupation. In 2004, with 65 comrades, all Tsahal veterans, creates Breaking the Silence, an organisation that gathers and publishes testimonies of soldiers in charge of “controlling” Palestinians in Palestine, and raises awareness of the “what public opinion doesn’t know is happening in the field”. Fights against humiliations, spoliations, expropriations, demolitions… “ The occupation has become Israel’s second nature, Israel does not conceive that it could live with its neighbours without absolutely and obsessively controlling them (…). If we do not put an end to the occupation, it is Israel as a whole that we risk loosing in the long term. To end it, we just need to decide it.”
  • 80. Muna Ammar Born in 19??, Director of the Freedom and Justice Centre. This organisation mobilises the population in a nonviolent struggle against the occupation Beit Omar, between Bethlehem and Hebron, in occupied Palestine, brings its support to women involved in social economy programmes and cooperatives, organises meetings between Israeli and Palestinian women. “ Economy and the resistance movement are intrinsically linked. We ask internationals to cooperate with organisations working towards improving the economic situation of women in Palestine. It is important to put an end to the occupation.”
  • 81. Dafna Rothstein Landman Israeli born in 1997. Coordinator of an initiative gathering 60 young Israelis who announced in March 2014 their refusal to serve their military service. “ We, the undersigned, intend to refuse to serve in the army and the main reason for this refusal is our opposition to the military occupation of Palestinian territories. Palestinians in the occupied territories live under Israeli rule though they did not choose to do so, and have no legal recourse to influence this regime or its decision-making processes. This is neither egalitarian nor just. In these territories, human rights are violated, and acts defined under international law as war-crimes are perpetuated on a daily basis. These include assassinations (extrajudicial killings), the construction of settlements on occupied lands, administrative detentions, torture, collective punishment and the unequal allocation of resources such as electricity and water. Any form of military service reinforces this status quo, and, therefore, in accordance with our conscience, we cannot take part in a system that perpetrates the above-mentioned acts.”
  • 82. The 43 Israelis of the 8200 Unit In a letter published on 12 September 2014 in Yediot Aharonot, 43 Israelis (33 soldiers and 10 officers, men and women), having served in the 8200 Unit of Israeli secret services, assert that : “ Intelligence allows for the continued control over millions of people through thorough and intrusive supervision and invasion of most areas of life. This does not allow for people to lead normal lives, and fuels more violence further distancing us from the end of the conflict We cannot continue to serve this system in good conscience, denying the rights of millions of people. Therefore, those among us who are reservists, refuse to take part in the state’s actions against Palestinians.”` They mention their capital role in the targeted operations, aimed at elimination, led by the army. “ We call for all soldiers serving in the Intelligence Corps, present and future, along with all the citizens of Israel, to speak out against these injustices and to take action to bring them to an end.” ■