IPv4 comes to an end...

Addressing in the Internet...
Vint Cerf on the new, larger version of the Internet: IPv6
Source: Youtube/Google

Addressing in the Internet...
•
Devices on the Internet need to have unique
addresses in order to be reachable from
each other
•
Address allocations are made hierarchically
– IANA -> LACNIC -> [insert your ISP here]

IPv4
• There are 4,294,967,296 IPv4 addresses (32 bits long) but
not all of them can be used
• Looks like a lot, right? But... World population currently
stands at just over 6 billion people
• We all normally use more than one IP address (possibly
up to 3-4)
– Definitely not enough anymore

Historical Facts
1983 Research network for ~ 100 computers
1992 Internet is open to the commercial sector :
– Exponential growth
– IETF urged to work on a IP next generation protocol
1993 Exhaustion of the class B address space
– Forecast of network collapse for 1994!
– RFC 1519 (CIDR) published
1995 : RFC 1883 (IPv6 specs) published
– First RFC about IPv6

Evolution of the IPv4 pool
• Remember
– IANA
• IANA assigns /8 blocks to the RIRs
– The RIRs
• Assign blocks of varying sizes to their member
organizations
• Members which are in turn ISPs then assign space to
their customers

Evolution of the IPv4 pool
• Run-out dates:
– IANA ran out of free /8 blocks on 3 February 2011
– APNIC was the first RIR to run out of IPv4 later on
14 April 2011
– RIPE NCC ran out of IPv4 on 14 September 2012
– ARIN to run out in early May 2015
– AFRINIC to run out in years to come
• LAC region run-out date:
– LACNIC ran out of IPv4 on 10 June 2014

Evolution of the IPv4 pool

IPv4 Exhaustion
• IPv4 resource management is governed by policies
– These policies are created and approved by the
community through a bottom-up process
– LACNIC acts as the steward of this process and applies
the policies for managing resources
• Before runout time addresses were assigned according
to a needs-based set of criteria
• Does IPv4 exhaustion mean that the free pool reaches
zero ? NO

IPv4 Exhaustion
• When the aggregated free pool reaches the equivalent of
a /10 (~4 million addresses), new policies come into
effect
• What follows is a two-tiered phase
– Soft-landing period
– Resources for new entrants
– Final exhaustion
• IPv4 assignment is no longer needs-based
– Even if an organization justifies its need, only a fixed
size prefix will be allocated

Soft Landing
• The first period after exhaustion is the soft landing
period
• A /11 is available for soft landing
• New or existing organizations can get up blocks up to /
22 in size every six months if properly justified
• This means
– Up to a single /22 (1024 addresses) every six months
– 1024 blocks available

New entrants
• After the soft-landing pool is exhausted, a
second /11 (~2m addresses) will be made
available exclusively to new entrants to the
market
• Every new organization will be able to request
up to a /22 once

Here comes IPv6...
• IPv6 with its 128 address space solves all our addressing
needs for the foreseeable future
• Restores the end to end nature of the Internet
– This means no single points of failure, no accidentally
filtering out innocent users, etc.
• So why hasn’t the world done it already ?
– A long story
– However, the status quo has been broken. IPv6 is
being deployed as we speak

12 January 2011
Technical testing and publicity by major CDNs
6 June 2012:
Did it again, “this time, for real”
World IPv6 Day
"World IPv6 launch badge" by World IPv6 Day (Internet Society) - http://www.worldipv6launch.org/downloads/.
Licensed under CC BY 3.0 via Wikimedia Commons - http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:World_IPv6_launch_badge.svg#mediaviewer/File:World_IPv6_launch_badge.svg

IPv6 Deployments
• Content providers:
– Google, Facebook, Yahoo! and several CDNs have
deployed IPv6
• Access providers:
– USA: Comcast, T-Mobile
– Europe: Free.fr
– In our region: Telefónica Perú

Global IPv6 traffic
As seen on Google...

Country Organisers
Mexico Universidad Nacional Autónoma de
México (UNAM)
Venezuela Universidad Centroccidental Lisandro
Alvarado (UCLA)
Dom Rep Universidad APEC
Argentina University Interconnection Network
(RIU) and ISOC Argentina
Peru Universidad de la Pacífica and ISOC
Peru
Costa Rica ISOC Costa Rica
Chile
IPv6 projects/events within Latin
America and the C’bean

http://stats.labs.lacnic.net/IPv6/graph-
access.html
Native IPv6 traffic within the LACNIC
area

Global IPv6 traffic
• What happens if you enable IPv6 to an
otherwise unsuspecting group of users ?
• Between 15% and 40% of your traffic will be
over IPv6
• This means
– This portion of traffic will not need NAT
– This portion goes up as more and more networks
deploy IPv6

Final Comments
IPv4 Exhaustion
• IPv4 ran out for the LAC region on 10 June 2014
• The policies governing the remaining stock are radically different
• Networks will need to keep growing nevertheless, so investments will
need to be made
• Carrier Grade NAT is not a magic pill or business as usual
IPv6 going forward

It’s the only path forward with a future

The rest of the world is deploying it

It also will be expensive, but the costs tend to go down as deployment
progresses

Discover our IPv6 portal...
http://portalipv6.lacnic.net/en/

Questions?

Thank You!
kevon@lacnic.net
External Relations Officer for the
Caribbean
LACNIC