Telling a Story – or Even Propaganda – Through Data Visualization

1. 7/16/19 1Demetris Trihinas trihinas.d@unic.ac.cy 1Lead Cyprus: Disinformation Battles | Limassol, July 2019 Department of Computer Science Telling a Story – or Even Propaganda – Through Data Visualization Demetris Trihinas Department of Computer Science ailab @ University of Nicosia trihinas.d@unic.ac.cy

2. 7/16/19 2Demetris Trihinas trihinas.d@unic.ac.cy 2Lead Cyprus: Disinformation Battles | Limassol, July 2019 Department of Computer Science Full-Time Faculty Member University of Nicosia “Designing and developing scalable and self-adaptive tools for data management, exploration and visualization” @dtrihinas http://dtrihinas.info https://ailab.unic.ac.cy/https://www.slideshare.net/DemetrisTrihinas @AilabUnic

3. 7/16/19 3Demetris Trihinas trihinas.d@unic.ac.cy 3Lead Cyprus: Disinformation Battles | Limassol, July 2019 Department of Computer Science A picture is worth a 1000 words... Chinese proverb

4. 7/16/19 4Demetris Trihinas trihinas.d@unic.ac.cy 4Lead Cyprus: Disinformation Battles | Limassol, July 2019 Department of Computer Science Unemployment Data in the US Any conclusions or insights from this table?

5. 7/16/19 5Demetris Trihinas trihinas.d@unic.ac.cy 5Lead Cyprus: Disinformation Battles | Limassol, July 2019 Department of Computer Science Unemployment Data in the US Colored visualization of unemployment per area Which areas have low unemployment?

6. 7/16/19 6Demetris Trihinas trihinas.d@unic.ac.cy 6Lead Cyprus: Disinformation Battles | Limassol, July 2019 Department of Computer Science Seismic Activity in California Any conclusions or insights from this table?

7. 7/16/19 7Demetris Trihinas trihinas.d@unic.ac.cy 7Lead Cyprus: Disinformation Battles | Limassol, July 2019 Department of Computer Science Seismic Activity in California Alcatraz NationalPark Hollywood At the national park are there no seismic activity? Is this a good place to live?

8. 7/16/19 8Demetris Trihinas trihinas.d@unic.ac.cy 8Lead Cyprus: Disinformation Battles | Limassol, July 2019 Department of Computer Science Data Visualization Easier –for humans– to conceptually understand data by visually focusing on the main information. Data visualization is a tool for both disseminating knowledge and a form of knowledge communication.

9. 7/16/19 9Demetris Trihinas trihinas.d@unic.ac.cy 9Lead Cyprus: Disinformation Battles | Limassol, July 2019 Department of Computer Science Why Visual Representations?Why Visual? 18CIS 467, Spring 2015 I II III IV x y x y x y x y 10.0 8.04 10.0 9.14 10.0 7.46 8.0 6.58 8.0 6.95 8.0 8.14 8.0 6.77 8.0 5.76 13.0 7.58 13.0 8.74 13.0 12.74 8.0 7.71 9.0 8.81 9.0 8.77 9.0 7.11 8.0 8.84 11.0 8.33 11.0 9.26 11.0 7.81 8.0 8.47 14.0 9.96 14.0 8.10 14.0 8.84 8.0 7.04 6.0 7.24 6.0 6.13 6.0 6.08 8.0 5.25 4.0 4.26 4.0 3.10 4.0 5.39 19.0 12.50 12.0 10.84 12.0 9.13 12.0 8.15 8.0 5.56 7.0 4.82 7.0 7.26 7.0 6.42 8.0 7.91 5.0 5.68 5.0 4.74 5.0 5.73 8.0 6.89 Mean of x 9 Variance of x 11 Mean of y 7.50 Variance of y 4.122 Correlation 0.816 [F. J. Anscombe] Why Visual? 18CIS 467, Spring 2015 I II III IV x y x y x y x y 10.0 8.04 10.0 9.14 10.0 7.46 8.0 6.58 8.0 6.95 8.0 8.14 8.0 6.77 8.0 5.76 13.0 7.58 13.0 8.74 13.0 12.74 8.0 7.71 9.0 8.81 9.0 8.77 9.0 7.11 8.0 8.84 11.0 8.33 11.0 9.26 11.0 7.81 8.0 8.47 14.0 9.96 14.0 8.10 14.0 8.84 8.0 7.04 6.0 7.24 6.0 6.13 6.0 6.08 8.0 5.25 4.0 4.26 4.0 3.10 4.0 5.39 19.0 12.50 12.0 10.84 12.0 9.13 12.0 8.15 8.0 5.56 7.0 4.82 7.0 7.26 7.0 6.42 8.0 7.91 5.0 5.68 5.0 4.74 5.0 5.73 8.0 6.89 Mean of x 9 Variance of x 11 Mean of y 7.50 Variance of y 4.122 Correlation 0.816 [F. J. Anscombe] Why Visual? 18CIS 467, Spring 2015 I II III IV x y x y x y x y 10.0 8.04 10.0 9.14 10.0 7.46 8.0 6.58 8.0 6.95 8.0 8.14 8.0 6.77 8.0 5.76 13.0 7.58 13.0 8.74 13.0 12.74 8.0 7.71 9.0 8.81 9.0 8.77 9.0 7.11 8.0 8.84 11.0 8.33 11.0 9.26 11.0 7.81 8.0 8.47 14.0 9.96 14.0 8.10 14.0 8.84 8.0 7.04 6.0 7.24 6.0 6.13 6.0 6.08 8.0 5.25 4.0 4.26 4.0 3.10 4.0 5.39 19.0 12.50 12.0 10.84 12.0 9.13 12.0 8.15 8.0 5.56 7.0 4.82 7.0 7.26 7.0 6.42 8.0 7.91 5.0 5.68 5.0 4.74 5.0 5.73 8.0 6.89 Mean of x 9 Variance of x 11 Mean of y 7.50 Variance of y 4.122 Correlation 0.816 [F. J. Anscombe] What is the data “telling” us? How about letting me “see” the data first?

10. 7/16/19 10Demetris Trihinas trihinas.d@unic.ac.cy 10Lead Cyprus: Disinformation Battles | Limassol, July 2019 Department of Computer Science Visualization is also a Data Exploration Tool Why Visual? 18CIS 467, Spring 2015 I II III IV x y x y x y x y 10.0 8.04 10.0 9.14 10.0 7.46 8.0 6.58 8.0 6.95 8.0 8.14 8.0 6.77 8.0 5.76 13.0 7.58 13.0 8.74 13.0 12.74 8.0 7.71 9.0 8.81 9.0 8.77 9.0 7.11 8.0 8.84 11.0 8.33 11.0 9.26 11.0 7.81 8.0 8.47 14.0 9.96 14.0 8.10 14.0 8.84 8.0 7.04 6.0 7.24 6.0 6.13 6.0 6.08 8.0 5.25 4.0 4.26 4.0 3.10 4.0 5.39 19.0 12.50 12.0 10.84 12.0 9.13 12.0 8.15 8.0 5.56 7.0 4.82 7.0 7.26 7.0 6.42 8.0 7.91 5.0 5.68 5.0 4.74 5.0 5.73 8.0 6.89 Mean of x 9 Variance of x 11 Mean of y 7.50 Variance of y 4.122 Correlation 0.816 [F. J. Anscombe] CIS 602, Fall 2014 ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 4 6 8 10 12 x1 y1 ● ● ●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 4 6 8 10 12 x2 y2 ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 4 6 8 10 12 x3 y3 ● ● ● ●● ● ● ● ● ● ● 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 4 6 8 10 12 x4 y4 Why Visual? 19 [F. J. Anscombe] Linear dependency …“perfect” linear dependency Without ”outlier…” Should we just consider this an error and throw this point away?

11. 7/16/19 11Demetris Trihinas trihinas.d@unic.ac.cy 11Lead Cyprus: Disinformation Battles | Limassol, July 2019 Department of Computer Science

12. 7/16/19 12Demetris Trihinas trihinas.d@unic.ac.cy 12Lead Cyprus: Disinformation Battles | Limassol, July 2019 Department of Computer Science What Data Should be Visualized

13. 7/16/19 13Demetris Trihinas trihinas.d@unic.ac.cy 13Lead Cyprus: Disinformation Battles | Limassol, July 2019 Department of Computer Science Dashboards, spreadsheets and visuals only tell you what is happening. But, they do not tell you why…

14. 7/16/19 14Demetris Trihinas trihinas.d@unic.ac.cy 14Lead Cyprus: Disinformation Battles | Limassol, July 2019 Department of Computer Science The “Computer vs Human” Ability Matrix Ability Matrix

15. 7/16/19 15Demetris Trihinas trihinas.d@unic.ac.cy 15Lead Cyprus: Disinformation Battles | Limassol, July 2019 Department of Computer Science Today’s Talk • Data visualization as a communication and data exploration tool • Data storytelling • Give your data a voice! • The unintentional and intentional “bewares” • Tools of the trade

16. 7/16/19 16Demetris Trihinas trihinas.d@unic.ac.cy 16Lead Cyprus: Disinformation Battles | Limassol, July 2019 Department of Computer Science What is a Story? A story is a set of – observations, facts, or events, true or invented – that are presented in a specific order such that they create an emotional reaction in the audience.

17. 7/16/19 17Demetris Trihinas trihinas.d@unic.ac.cy 17Lead Cyprus: Disinformation Battles | Limassol, July 2019 Department of Computer Science Data Storytelling Data storytelling uses a narrative tailored to a specific audience with the intent to communicate information extracted from (raw) data.

18. 7/16/19 18Demetris Trihinas trihinas.d@unic.ac.cy 18Lead Cyprus: Disinformation Battles | Limassol, July 2019 Department of Computer Science What Makes a (Good) Story? hypothesis –> data –> insights –> narrative –> visuals The narrative through visuals is the key vehicle to convey insights extracted from the data. you start here…

19. 7/16/19 19Demetris Trihinas trihinas.d@unic.ac.cy 19Lead Cyprus: Disinformation Battles | Limassol, July 2019 Department of Computer Science Data Storytelling – It’s a Brain Thing… Narratives aid the memory process, via the emotional aspect of a story which can engage more parts of the brain, making the story, and its elements, easier to recall. How Stories Change the Brain. P. Zak, Berkeley, 2013.

20. 7/16/19 20Demetris Trihinas trihinas.d@unic.ac.cy 20Lead Cyprus: Disinformation Battles | Limassol, July 2019 Department of Computer Science Should we Get Into the Camcorder or Digital Camera Business? the hypothesis

21. 7/16/19 21Demetris Trihinas trihinas.d@unic.ac.cy 21Lead Cyprus: Disinformation Battles | Limassol, July 2019 Department of Computer Science the data Camcorder vs Digital Camera Sales Camcorder Digital Camera …but also part of the insights

22. 7/16/19 22Demetris Trihinas trihinas.d@unic.ac.cy 22Lead Cyprus: Disinformation Battles | Limassol, July 2019 Department of Computer Science The GoPro Story

23. 7/16/19 23Demetris Trihinas trihinas.d@unic.ac.cy 23Lead Cyprus: Disinformation Battles | Limassol, July 2019 Department of Computer Science A Good Story… has a Personal Touch It’s not about how much money you spent but how many miles you traveled and the equivalent of those miles.

24. 7/16/19 24Demetris Trihinas trihinas.d@unic.ac.cy 24Lead Cyprus: Disinformation Battles | Limassol, July 2019 Department of Computer Science A Good Story… can be Interactive Harsh reality 10 - 12% of our lives is devoted to travelling between work, leisure and our homes

25. 7/16/19 25Demetris Trihinas trihinas.d@unic.ac.cy 25Lead Cyprus: Disinformation Battles | Limassol, July 2019 Department of Computer Science A Good Story… can be Interactive Focus even more on interesting information – time is factored in visual.

26. 7/16/19 26Demetris Trihinas trihinas.d@unic.ac.cy 26Lead Cyprus: Disinformation Battles | Limassol, July 2019 Department of Computer Science Data Journalism is the Future… Journalists need to be data-savvy. It used to be that you would get stories by chatting to people in bars, and it still might be that you’ll do it that way some times. But now it’s also going to be about equipping yourself with the tools to analyze data and picking out what is interesting. And keeping it in perspective, helping people out by really seeing where it all fits together, and what’s going on in the world. Sir Tim Berners-Lee (2013)

27. 7/16/19 27Demetris Trihinas trihinas.d@unic.ac.cy 27Lead Cyprus: Disinformation Battles | Limassol, July 2019 Department of Computer Science The Data Journalism Pyramid Paul Bradshaw (2011) Data The Data Science Process

28. 7/16/19 28Demetris Trihinas trihinas.d@unic.ac.cy 28Lead Cyprus: Disinformation Battles | Limassol, July 2019 Department of Computer Science The Data Journalism Pyramid Paul Bradshaw (2011) Data The Data Science Process

29. 7/16/19 29Demetris Trihinas trihinas.d@unic.ac.cy 29Lead Cyprus: Disinformation Battles | Limassol, July 2019 Department of Computer Science Data Science and Data Journalism

30. 7/16/19 30Demetris Trihinas trihinas.d@unic.ac.cy 30Lead Cyprus: Disinformation Battles | Limassol, July 2019 Department of Computer Science WSJ: The Impact of Vaccines (2015) Data from CDC 1920-2014 (US) Heatmap “cool to warm” scale denoting number of infection cases

31. 7/16/19 31Demetris Trihinas trihinas.d@unic.ac.cy 31Lead Cyprus: Disinformation Battles | Limassol, July 2019 Department of Computer Science ProPublica: A Disappearing Planet https://projects.propublica.org/extinctions/Sliding time window Data from UN Red List of Species (2013) Stack bar plot quantities out of total Stack bar plot “clustered” by species

32. 7/16/19 32Demetris Trihinas trihinas.d@unic.ac.cy 32Lead Cyprus: Disinformation Battles | Limassol, July 2019 Department of Computer Science Bloomberg: Most dangerous jobs (2015) Data from U.S. Department of Labor Tagline Stacked bar plot with highlighting on focused category

33. 7/16/19 33Demetris Trihinas trihinas.d@unic.ac.cy 33Lead Cyprus: Disinformation Battles | Limassol, July 2019 Department of Computer Science How things can go wrong unintentionally… Misinformation

34. 7/16/19 34Demetris Trihinas trihinas.d@unic.ac.cy 34Lead Cyprus: Disinformation Battles | Limassol, July 2019 Department of Computer Science What is the Intended Story? Mean arrival delay versus distance from New York City Each point represents a destination, and the size of each point represents the number of flights from New York to that destination in 2013. Which is the best airline?

35. 7/16/19 35Demetris Trihinas trihinas.d@unic.ac.cy 35Lead Cyprus: Disinformation Battles | Limassol, July 2019 Department of Computer Science Make a Figure for the “Generals” • Common dataviz misconceptions: • The audience sees your figures and immediately infers the points you are trying to make. • The audience can rapidly process complex visualizations and understand the key trends and relationships that are shown. • Follow your audience “language” and thinking process. Claus Wilke, “Fundamentals of Data Visualization”, https://serialmentor.com/dataviz/

36. 7/16/19 36Demetris Trihinas trihinas.d@unic.ac.cy 36Lead Cyprus: Disinformation Battles | Limassol, July 2019 Department of Computer Science What is the Intended Story? simple and clear is better than complex and confusing.

37. 7/16/19 37Demetris Trihinas trihinas.d@unic.ac.cy 37Lead Cyprus: Disinformation Battles | Limassol, July 2019 Department of Computer Science Death to Pie Charts [and Comic Sans]ie Charts Cole Nussbaumerwww.storytellingwithdata.com/2011/07/death-to-pie-charts.html “I hate pie charts. I mean, really hate them.” Share of coverage on TechCrunch Redesign Cole Nussbaumerwww.storytellingwithdata.com/2011/07/death-to-pie-charts.html “I hate pie charts. I mean, really hate them.” Share of coverage on TechCrunch

38. 7/16/19 38Demetris Trihinas trihinas.d@unic.ac.cy 38Lead Cyprus: Disinformation Battles | Limassol, July 2019 Department of Computer Science Storytelling Pie vs Bars So, what to use instead? http://www.storytellingwithdata.com/blog/2014/06/alternatives-to-pies imagine you just completed a pilot summer learning program on science aimed at improving perceptions of the ﬁeld among 2nd and 3rd grade elementary children

39. 7/16/19 39Demetris Trihinas trihinas.d@unic.ac.cy 39Lead Cyprus: Disinformation Battles | Limassol, July 2019 Department of Computer Science Storytelling Pie vs Bars native #2: Simple Bar Grap

40. 7/16/19 40Demetris Trihinas trihinas.d@unic.ac.cy 40Lead Cyprus: Disinformation Battles | Limassol, July 2019 Department of Computer Science Storytelling Pie vs Bars rnative #3: 100% Stacked zontal Bar Graph

41. 7/16/19 41Demetris Trihinas trihinas.d@unic.ac.cy 41Lead Cyprus: Disinformation Battles | Limassol, July 2019 Department of Computer Science Storytelling Pie vs Barsernative #4: Slopegraph Slope Graph

43. 7/16/19 43Demetris Trihinas trihinas.d@unic.ac.cy 43Lead Cyprus: Disinformation Battles | Limassol, July 2019 Department of Computer Science Data Storytelling is NOT about “fitting” the data to the story YOU want!

44. 7/16/19 44Demetris Trihinas trihinas.d@unic.ac.cy 44Lead Cyprus: Disinformation Battles | Limassol, July 2019 Department of Computer Science Correlation • Correlation is a statistical technique that tells us how strongly related are pairs of variables. • But… correlation does not tell us the why and how behind the relationship. • So… correlation just says that a relationship exists.

45. 7/16/19 45Demetris Trihinas trihinas.d@unic.ac.cy 45Lead Cyprus: Disinformation Battles | Limassol, July 2019 Department of Computer Science Ice-Cream and Sunglass Sales As the sales of ice creams is increasing so do the sales of sunglasses.

46. 7/16/19 46Demetris Trihinas trihinas.d@unic.ac.cy 46Lead Cyprus: Disinformation Battles | Limassol, July 2019 Department of Computer Science Causation • Causation denotes that any change in the value of one variable will cause a change in the value of another variable. • This means that one variable makes other to happen.

47. 7/16/19 47Demetris Trihinas trihinas.d@unic.ac.cy 47Lead Cyprus: Disinformation Battles | Limassol, July 2019 Department of Computer Science Exercise and Calories • When a person is exercising then the amount of calories burned increases every minute. • The former (exercise) is causing the latter (calories burned) to happen.

48. 7/16/19 48Demetris Trihinas trihinas.d@unic.ac.cy 48Lead Cyprus: Disinformation Battles | Limassol, July 2019 Department of Computer Science Ice-Cream and Homicides in New York • A study in the 90’s showed that ice-cream sales are the cause of homicides in New York. • As the sales of ice-cream rise and fall, so do the number of homicides -> correlation. • But… does the consumption of ice-cream actually cause the death of people in NY? https://www.nytimes.com/2009/06/19/nyregion/19murder.html

49. 7/16/19 49Demetris Trihinas trihinas.d@unic.ac.cy 49Lead Cyprus: Disinformation Battles | Limassol, July 2019 Department of Computer Science Correlation Does NOT Imply Causation • The two things are, yes, correlated. • But this does NOT mean one causes other. Correlation is something which we think, when we can’t see under the covers. So the less the information we have the more we are forced to observe correlations.

50. 7/16/19 50Demetris Trihinas trihinas.d@unic.ac.cy 50Lead Cyprus: Disinformation Battles | Limassol, July 2019 Department of Computer Science There is NO Correlation without Causation If neither A nor B causes the other, and the two are correlated, there must be some common cause. It may not be a direct cause of each of them, but it’s there somewhere “upstream” in the picture. Bottom line: you have to keep “digging”… don’t be lazy!

51. 7/16/19 51Demetris Trihinas trihinas.d@unic.ac.cy 51Lead Cyprus: Disinformation Battles | Limassol, July 2019 Department of Computer Science How things intentionally go wrong… Disinformation

52. 7/16/19 52Demetris Trihinas trihinas.d@unic.ac.cy 52Lead Cyprus: Disinformation Battles | Limassol, July 2019 Department of Computer Science Using a Sample of the Data • How many football games do US citizens got to? • To get an -exact- answer (100% correct), you must ask everyone in the US (>350M people) -> Not practical! • Use a random sample, meaning ask (much) less people -> but we won’t be 100% correct.

53. 7/16/19 53Demetris Trihinas trihinas.d@unic.ac.cy 53Lead Cyprus: Disinformation Battles | Limassol, July 2019 Department of Computer Science Small Sample Sizes • Picking an adequate sample size is “part science and part art” • But statements, like “75% of (some group) plan to use (some product) this year” become suspect when the sample size is just 24 companies. • Even worse… the sample size is NOT mentioned in the study or visual at all.

54. 7/16/19 54Demetris Trihinas trihinas.d@unic.ac.cy 54Lead Cyprus: Disinformation Battles | Limassol, July 2019 Department of Computer Science Biased Sampling • This involves over/under polling a non-representative group. • A survey reveals that “81% of bank customers would use mobile banking if it were available…” • Meaningless if survey only polled people on their mobile devices.

55. 7/16/19 55Demetris Trihinas trihinas.d@unic.ac.cy 55Lead Cyprus: Disinformation Battles | Limassol, July 2019 Department of Computer Science Random Sample Selection • Random… means random! • You cannot just select 1000 people from one city, the sample wont represent the whole country. • You cannot just send FB messages to 1000 random people, you will get a representation of FB users, and of course not all of the country’s citizens use FB. • So… constructing a random sample is actually hard!

56. 7/16/19 56Demetris Trihinas trihinas.d@unic.ac.cy 56Lead Cyprus: Disinformation Battles | Limassol, July 2019 Department of Computer Science Poorly Chosen Lying with Statistics Using the mean with values across non-uniform populations. What is the starting salary at a company?

57. 7/16/19 57Demetris Trihinas trihinas.d@unic.ac.cy 57Lead Cyprus: Disinformation Battles | Limassol, July 2019 Department of Computer Science Poorly Chosen Lying with Statistics Using the median to hide a skewed data. Invest with me. My portfolio’s median profit is 8%. median mean

58. 7/16/19 58Demetris Trihinas trihinas.d@unic.ac.cy 58Lead Cyprus: Disinformation Battles | Limassol, July 2019 Department of Computer Science Poorly Chosen Lying with Statistics A survey is only as accurate as it’s standard error.

59. 7/16/19 59Demetris Trihinas trihinas.d@unic.ac.cy 59Lead Cyprus: Disinformation Battles | Limassol, July 2019 Department of Computer Science The Semi-Attached Persona • Stating one thing as a proof for something else. • For example, if an ad says “15% of CEOs drive a BMW; more than any other brand”– what does that prove? • The implication is that CEOs are some sort of authorities on cars or it could be the other way around, BMWs “make” CEOs.

60. 7/16/19 60Demetris Trihinas trihinas.d@unic.ac.cy 60Lead Cyprus: Disinformation Battles | Limassol, July 2019 Department of Computer Science The Lie Factor • The size of the graphic effect should be directly proportional to the numerical quantities: Edward Tufte: Principles of Graphical Integrity e Lie Factor Size of effect shown in graphic Size of effect in data

61. 7/16/19 61Demetris Trihinas trihinas.d@unic.ac.cy 61Lead Cyprus: Disinformation Battles | Limassol, July 2019 Department of Computer Science Proportional Data -> Proportional Vizd bar chart? Rule: Use channel proportional to data!

62. 7/16/19 62Demetris Trihinas trihinas.d@unic.ac.cy 62Lead Cyprus: Disinformation Battles | Limassol, July 2019 Department of Computer Science Lying through Graphics Lie Factor - Graphical Integrity Magnitude in data must correspond to magnitude of mark Flowing Data Effect in Data: factor 1.14 Effect in Graphic: factor 5 Lie Factor: 5/1.14 = 4.38 35% 39.6%Scale Distortions

63. 7/16/19 63Demetris Trihinas trihinas.d@unic.ac.cy 63Lead Cyprus: Disinformation Battles | Limassol, July 2019 Department of Computer Science Propaganda Gone Really Really Bad?

64. 7/16/19 64Demetris Trihinas trihinas.d@unic.ac.cy 64Lead Cyprus: Disinformation Battles | Limassol, July 2019 Department of Computer Science Conceptualizing Scale via Comparison To truly understand scale a comparison must be made. This is good visualization because we have UK as reference

65. 7/16/19 65Demetris Trihinas trihinas.d@unic.ac.cy 65Lead Cyprus: Disinformation Battles | Limassol, July 2019 Department of Computer Science Diverging Value-Scaleample: Diverging Value-Scal Who won the election? Election maps carry significant bias

66. 7/16/19 66Demetris Trihinas trihinas.d@unic.ac.cy 66Lead Cyprus: Disinformation Battles | Limassol, July 2019 Department of Computer Science US Election 2016 – Displaying Polls • Donald Trump’s campaign used the actual US map to present poll results. • Influencing swing voters by feeding “your” news. “…a lot of red folks… we’re winning...” The “reality”

67. 7/16/19 67Demetris Trihinas trihinas.d@unic.ac.cy 67Lead Cyprus: Disinformation Battles | Limassol, July 2019 Department of Computer Science 2016 Spain Elections

68. 7/16/19 68Demetris Trihinas trihinas.d@unic.ac.cy 68Lead Cyprus: Disinformation Battles | Limassol, July 2019 Department of Computer Science (Some) tools of the trade Going beyond Microsoft Excel…

71. 7/16/19 71Demetris Trihinas trihinas.d@unic.ac.cy 71Lead Cyprus: Disinformation Battles | Limassol, July 2019 Department of Computer Science kepler.gl

72. 7/16/19 72Demetris Trihinas trihinas.d@unic.ac.cy 72Lead Cyprus: Disinformation Battles | Limassol, July 2019 Department of Computer Science Instead of a Conclusion… Data can be the source of a story, or it can be the tool with which the story is told – or it can be both. Like any source, it should be treated with skepticism; and like any tool, we should be conscious of how it can shape the stories that are created with it.

73. 7/16/19 73Demetris Trihinas trihinas.d@unic.ac.cy 73Lead Cyprus: Disinformation Battles | Limassol, July 2019 Department of Computer Science Telling a Story – or Even Propaganda – Through Data Visualization Questions? Demetris Trihinas Department of Computer Science ailab @ University of Nicosia trihinas.d@unic.ac.cy

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