This document outlines requirements for improved marine meteorological services (MMS) to support global agendas and sustainable development. It discusses sustained needs like daily life, shipping, and emerging needs like disaster risk reduction, food security, and climate change adaptation. Global agendas like the Sustainable Development Goals and Paris Agreement are also addressed. The document recommends strengthening coordination between organizations through the Joint Technical Commission for Oceanography and Marine Meteorology to improve observations, data management, forecasting and services through integrated systems. Demonstration projects are proposed to build forecasting and warning systems for coastal flooding in vulnerable regions.

1. Long Jiang
UNICEF China
http://www.unicef.cn/en/
ljiang@unicef.org

2. Outline
1. Sustained and emerging requirements
2. Global Agendas
3. Improved Marine Meteorological Services
(MMS)
4. Way forward

3. Sustained and emerging
requirements
Daily life
Shipping, fishing, tourism…
DRR
Food Security
Climate Change
…

4. Sustained and emerging requirements

5. Sustained and emerging requirements

6. Sustained and emerging requirements -
DRR

7. Sustained and emerging requirements
– DRR

8. Sustained and emerging requirements
– Food security
 By 2050, catches of main fish species are
expected to decline by up to 40% in the
tropics, where livelihoods, food and
nutrition security strongly depend on the
fisheries sector.
 FAO estimates that agricultural production
must rise by about 60% by 2050 in order to
feed a larger population. Climate change is
putting this objective at risk.

9. Sustained and emerging requirements
– Climate Change

10. Marine
and
Maritime
safety
Marine &
coastal
environment
Climate,
seasonal &
weather
forecasting
Marine
Resources

11. Outline
1. Sustained and emerging requirements
2. Global Agendas
3. Improved Marine Meteorological Services
(MMS)
4. Way forward

12. Global Agendas – SDGs

13. Improved MSS
 Global Agenda – SFDRR

14. Global Agenda – Paris Agreement
 Reaffirm the goal of limiting global temperature increase
well below 2 degrees Celsius, while urging efforts to limit
the increase to 1.5 degrees;
 Establish binding commitments by all parties to make
“nationally determined contributions” (NDCs), and to
pursue domestic measures aimed at achieving them;
 Commit all countries to report regularly on their emissions
and “progress made in implementing and achieving” their
NDCs, and to undergo international review;
 Commit all countries to submit new NDCs every five years,
with the clear expectation that they will “represent a
progression” beyond previous ones;

15. Global Agendas – Paris Agreement
(Cont’d)
 Reaffirm the binding obligations of developed countries under the
UNFCCC to support the efforts of developing countries, while for the
first time encouraging voluntary contributions by developing countries
too;
 Extend the current goal of mobilizing $100 billion a year in support by
2020 through 2025, with a new, higher goal to be set for the period after
2025;
 Extend a mechanism to address “loss and damage” resulting from
climate change, which explicitly will not “involve or provide a basis for
any liability or compensation;”
 Require parties engaging in international emissions trading to avoid
“double counting;” and
 Call for a new mechanism, similar to the Clean Development
Mechanism under the Kyoto Protocol, enabling emission reductions in
one country to be counted toward another country’s NDC.

16. Outline
 Sustained and emerging requirements
 Global Agendas
Improved Marine Meteorological
Services (MMS)
 Way forward

17. Joint Technical Commission for
Oceanography and Marine
Meteorology
IOC programmes - GOOS, IODE, GLOSS,
Tsunami WS, ICAM, etc.
WMO programmes- WWW, Meteo services,
WCRP, GAW, etc.
JCOMM

18. JCOMM strategic role
Science &
Technology,
Innovation
and capacity
building
JCOMM
coordination:
real time
observations,
meteo-marine
and ocean
forecasts, data
management
and ocean data
archives
IOC-WMO
Member
States ocean
information
needs for
marine
knowledge
and
sustainable
development

19. JCOMM: the organization
Observation
Program Area
Ship of Observations Team
Data Buoy Cooperation Panel
ARGO coordination
GLOSS
JCOMMOPS
Data
Management
Program Area
Data Management Practices
Marine climatology
Services and
Forecast
Systems
Program Area
Marine Safety Services
Waves and coastal hazards
Operational Ocean Forecasting
Expert Team of sea ice

20. Observational outcomes
Operational Ocean
Forecasting Systems
(e.g., Waves, Storm Surges, Sea Ice,
SST, ocean circ., etc.)
Ocean Climate
projections nd assessments
(e.g., Waves, Storm Surges,
Sea Ice, SST, etc.)
DownstreamServices
(e.g.,MSI/GMDSS,MPERSS,SAR,DRR,etc.)
InsituandspaceObservations
New understanding of ocean
processes and climate
Observations need to be
Integrated in value-added
products such as
forecasts, analyses,
Projections
Downstream services
are required to
customize the value-added
Products to specific users
Observations should be
Collected with well defined
Science-based and
International procotols
To support the value-added
chain

21. InsituandspaceObservations
Operational Ocean
Forecasting System
(GDPFS for Ocean)
(e.g., Waves, Storm Surges, Sea Ice,
SST, ocean circ., etc.)
Ocean Climate
(e.g., Waves, Storm Surges,
Sea Ice, SST, etc.)
Services
(e.g.,MSI/GMDSS,MPERSS,SAR,DRR,etc.)
Users
IMO and IHO
ICS
Oil and Gas Industry
Fisheries
Etc.
(IOC/WMO/UNEP GOOS)

22. World Weather Watch

23. Maritime Safety Information (MSI)
 JCOMM Expert Team on Maritime Safety Services
(ETMSS)
 Global Maritime Distress and Safety System (GMDSS,
+IMO+IHO)
 World-Wide Met-ocean Information and Warnings
Service (WWMIWS) METAREA/NAVAREA
 Joint IMO/IHO/WMO Manual on Maritime Safety
Information
 WMO Manual on Marine Meteorological Services
(WMO-No.558 & WMO-No.471)

24. DBCP(DriftingBuoyNetwork)
Status (April 2016)
Recent Achievements Foci for the Next Year
• 1522 drifting buoys providing data to the
GTS
• 11 countries contributing
• 44% of drifters report data to the GTS in
less than 60min
• Increase the number of drifters with air
pressure measurements
• Improve the drifter density distribution
coverage
• Improve the data timeliness of drifting
buoys to the GTS
• 100% of the drifting buoys are reporting data on the GTS in
BUFR format
• 57% of the drifters are providing Barometric Pressure data
to the GTS
• KPIs for drifting buoy network are finalized and are
reported monthly
KPI: Key Performance Indicator

25. DBCP(MooredBuoyNetwork)
Status (April 2016)
• 412 moored buoys providing data to the
GTS
• 11 countries operating moored buoys
• 83% of the coastal/national moored buoys
provide wave measurements to the GTS
• Moored buoy metadata is collected in a common format
and available to the community
• KPIs are finalized for coastal/national MB and reported
monthly
• 35% of Moored buoys (Tropical and Coastal/National MB)
report data on the GTS in BUFR format
Recent Achievements Foci for the Next Year
• Get the entire moored buoy network real-
time data in BUFR TM315008 format to the
GTS
• Integrate the moored buoy metadata
system into the new JCOMMOPS web tool

26. ShipObservationsTeam-VOS
Status (April 2016)
Recent Achievements
Foci for the Next Year
• European joint AWS project validated: 400 new automated
stations will be produced and installed shortly
• “Third Party Class”: More active ships without recruitment
by a national weather agency
• Meeting of international PMOs in Chile to foster cooperation
• Finalize transition to table driven code
(BUFR) on GTS
• Harmonize with other panels in need
of volunteer ships
• Review metadata requirements
(structure, data centre)
• Migrate to unique ID scheme
• ~2000 operational ships
• ~240 automated (AWS),
~440 high-quality (VOSClim)
• 25 active countries
• Coverage depends mainly on existence of
shipping lines
• ~20 ASAP upper-air stations
• All VOSClim KPIs met (# ships,
# observations, # suspects)

27. Argo
Status (April 2016)
• 3829 Operational Floats
• 29 active countries
• Some flat/declining national
contributions
• Progress for Europe
• 10000 obs/month (70% of highest quality)
• 85% obs. within 24h
• G7 Science Ministers Statement
• Design reviewed (initial 3200 to global 3800)
• Good coverage (~70%) – I.O. to progress. P.O. getting old.
• 1+ paper per day logged
• Global ocean heat gain observed with unprecedented
accuracy
Recent Achievements Foci for the Next Year
• Proj: max to 4000 then degradation
• BGC (900) to be funded (cost x2)
• Deep Array and regional enhancements
piloted
• Technology to progress
• Charters crucial for sustained coverage

28. GLOSS
Status (May 2016)
• Univ. of Hawaii updated website
• New technologies: Technical
report on the use of microwave
sensors at tide gauges
Recent Achievements Foci for the Next Year
• Continue upgrading stations with
GPS
• Continue upgrading stations with
microwave sensors
• 168 stations with current
data
• 45 stations with some
data
• 77 stations no reporting
data

29. Way forward

30. Regions vulnerable to coastal flooding
Nicholls & Cazenave, 2010

31. Flooding
 The most reported extreme
event:
2001-2010
 For many Caribbean countries,
flooding is the most common
natural hazard affecting
socioeconomic development
 WMO Flood Forecasting
Initiative
 Surges (particularly driven by
waves) and rainfall can both
create significant problems

32. Exposure to coastal inundation is large and
growing
• Population is attracted to coasts
by an abundance of local resources
• Growing coastal population
• Urbanising coastal zone
• Tourism, recreation, retirement…
• In many parts of the world, the
population is directly exposed to
the coastal hazards and this will
increase with Climate Change and
Sea Level Rise.
• A reactive approach to adaptation increase the vulnerability.
Vulnerability
(early warning,
protection infra….)
Hazards
(storm surges,
heavy rain…)
Exposure
(Population
in the coasts…)
Disasters
Disasters are more likely when Hazards and
exposed population overlap with
Vulnerability.

33. End-to-end Coastal Inundation Management
Policy / Management
Forecasting and
Warning sytems
CoastalFlooding
Sea Level Rise / Climate Change
Tsunamis
Storm Surges
Extreme Waves
ICAM
Tides
Hydrological Flooding
SeaLevelObservations
Seismic
Obs.
Wind,hydrometeorological
Observations
Real-timeDatatransmisison+
disseminationofproducts
Modelling
(Forecasting/Hindcasting)
DEM,Bathymetry
Post-eventsurvey,Mapping
Socio-economicanalyses
Planning
Regulations/Policy
Adaptation

34. Demonstration Project: CIFDP
To meet challenges of coastal communities’ safety and to support sustainable
development through enhancing coastal inundation forecasting and warning
systems at the regional scale.
: building improved operational forecasts and warnings capability for coastal
inundation, that can be sustained by the responsible national agencies
 Identify and support end-user needs;
 Encourage full engagement of the stakeholders and partners in the CIFDP from
early stages, for the successful development and implementation of this project;
 Transfer technology to the adopting countries;
 Facilitate the development and implementation of warning services;
 Support coastal risk assessment, vulnerability and risk mapping;
 Assist improved and informed decision-making for coastal inundation
management

35. CIFDP: Benefit for Implementing Countries
 Upon completion of national sub-projects of CIFDP:
countries will implement an operational system for integrated
coastal inundation forecasting and warning, providing objective
basis for coastal disaster (flooding) management; contributing to
saving lives, reducing loss of livelihood and property, and
enhancing resilience and sustainability in coastal communities.
 Upon completion of each Phase of the Project:
countries will be provided with valuable input to the assessment
and awareness of the issues of coastal inundation management
within its governments.

36. Strategy for CIFDP implementation
 CIFDP is implemented through national sub-projects, launched for a country
that meets the essential requirement: national agreement;
 CIFDP sub-projects are designed based on users’ perspectives and
requirements, considering existing and available open source techniques.
Final products of the Demonstration Project should be operated and
maintained by national operational agencies which have the
responsibility/authority for coastal inundation warnings;
 The procedures/best practices developed through sub-projects should be
applicable to other (neighbouring) countries with common issues and
interests, and should be closely linked to and cooperating with related
projects and activities.

37. CIFDP Implementation
Natural Disaster Hotspots: A Global Risk Analysis. World Bank, 2005
40

38. Project
Scoping and
Preparation:
Definitive
National
Agreement
(DNA),
training, and
initial data
inventory
Project
Planning and
Design:
Stakeholder
workshop,
establish
National
Coordination
Team (NCT),
regional buy-in,
initial project
design/setup
(Mexico demo)
System
Development:
Digital elevation
model (DEM),
SLOSH/wave
grid creation
and quality
control, and
model
development
Develop
Training
modules
System
Validation:
MOMs/MEOW
creation,
QA/QC, and
model
validation
Deploy online
training
modules
Phase 0 Phase 1 Phase 2 Phase 3 Phase 4
Project
Scoping and
Preparation:
Definitive
National
Agreement
(DNA),
training, and
initial data
inventory
Project
Planning and
Design:
Stakeholder
workshop,
establish
National
Coordination
Team (NCT),
regional buy-in,
initial project
design/setup
System
Development:
model
development
Develop
Training
modules
System
Validation:
QA/QC, and
model
validation
Deploy online
training
modules
System
Integration and
Training:
System
implementation,
project
evaluation,
specialized
training
workshop
Project evaluation
report and
application

39. Way forward

40. Way forward
for Belt and Road Communities
 Identify 3-5 requirements for MetOcean
services, AND key stakeholders
 Identify challenges to address those
requirements, such as infrastructure,
personnel, funds, internal and external
coordination, etc.
 Existing capacity and collaboration at national,
regional and international scales.
 …

41. Improved MMS
 Integrated and coordinated observations, data
management, forecasting and services systems
Services…
Data
Management…
Observations…

42. Acknowledgement
 Global Ocean Observing System, GOOS
 WMO-IOC Joint Technical Commission for
Oceanography and Marine Meteorology,
JCOMM

43. Thank you for attention
Questions?