The new generation of fuel is Biofuel. The environmental-friendly and more effective heat energy.

1. INTRODUCTION TO BIOFUEL
PRODUCTION PROCESSES
Prepared by: Parth Khandar (17BCH023)
Deep Kotak (17BCH024)
Hunny Kukdeja (17BCH026)
Naimish Mavadiya (17BCH027)

2. Introduction
Biofuels are fuels that derived from nature i.e. from organic material which
is also termed as biomass. Biomass is the energy source that fulfills the
energy requirement of biofuels. It can include oil extracted from plants,
animal and plant wastes, biodiesel produced from vegetable oil, or energy
obtained from any agricultural process. It has become the prime focus of
today’s generation because of the reduced carbon footprint it leaves on
its use. It uses plant sources to obtain energy and releases carbon dioxide
upon its use. This carbon dioxide is again used by plants for
photosynthesis. Hence the overall amount of CO2 in the environment is
reduced by its use.

3. Biodiesel Cycle

4. Biomass conversion
Conversion of biomass to energy is undertaken
using three main process technologies:
1. Bio-chemical
2. Thermo-chemical
3. Physio-chemical

5. Bio Chemical
✘ Anaerobic Digestion :AD utilizes bacteria to transform the
organic matter into gaseous products, offering reasonable
economics and abundant applications worldwide.
✘ Fermentation : By comparison, fermenting the feedstock,
yeasts are used to convert the contained sugar into ethanol. This
produces a diluted alcohol which then needs to be distilled and
thus suffers from a lower overall process performance and high
plant cost.
✘ The science of both technologies is well-understood and has been
adapted to several feedstocks, environments, and purposes
globally.

6. Thermo-chemical
1. Pyrolysis
2. Gasification
3. Liquefaction
4. Combustion

7. `
✘ Instead, research and development focuses on two main areas: (1)
deconstruction and fractionation and (2) synthesis and upgrading, which
may contain elements of both thermochemical and biochemical conversion
processes.

8. Deconstruction and
Fractionation
✘ High-Temperature Deconstruction :High-temperature
deconstruction encompasses pyrolysis, hydrothermal liquefaction,
and gasification.
✘ Low-Temperature Deconstruction :Low-temperature
deconstruction is the breakdown of feedstock into intermediates by
pretreatment followed by hydrolysis. Pretreatment is the
preparation of feedstock for hydrolysis via chemical or mechanical
processing and separation of feedstock into soluble and insoluble
components. This process opens up the physical structure of plant
and algae cell walls, revealing sugar polymers and other components.

9. Hydrolysis is the breakdown of these polymers either
enzymatically or chemically into other molecules suitable
for use as fuels

10. Synthesis and Upgrading
Intermediates produced following deconstruction can include
crude bio-oils, sugars, gaseous mixtures, and other chemical
building blocks. These intermediates are upgraded using various
techniques to produce a finished product.
The finished products from upgrading may be fuels or bioproducts
ready to sell into the commercial market or stabilized
intermediates suitable for finishing in a petroleum refinery or
chemical manufacturing plant.

11. Generations of Biofuel
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First
Generation
Third
Generation
Second
Generation
Fourth
Generation

12. First Generation of biofuels
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o Extracted from food crops
o Examples – Wheat and Sugar
o Net CO2 emissions by them is
debatable

13. Second Generation of biofuels
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o Aims at overcoming problems of
CO2 emissions
o Produced from non food crops
o Examples - Wood, organic waste,
food crop waste

14. Third Generation of biofuels
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o Aims at improvement on
production of biomass
o Algae has emerged to be one of the
best fuel in terms of quantity or
diversity

15. Fourth Generation of biofuels
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o Biomass that produces sustainable
energy as well as captures and
stores CO2
o Carbon capture makes the fuel
carbon negative than only carbon
neutral

16. Market Trends of Biofuel
https://www.technavio.com/research/biofuel-industry-
overview

17. Reason of growing market in Biofuels
• Environment and energy security
• Government legislation and
regulatory restriction on fossil fuel
• The rising price of fossil fuel
• Reduction in excise taxes on
biofuels
• low carbon emissions, volatility,
energy sustainability

18. Nation policy on Biofuel in India

19. Segmentation by product type and analysis of the biofuels market
Ethanol
Biodiesel
https://www.zionmarketresearch.com/news/biofuels-market

20. Biofuels production by region
https://bioenergy.insightconferences.com/market_analysis.php

21. Biofuels production by region

22. Biofuel market by different countries in 2012,2016,2022
https://bitcoincasts.com/automotive-biofuels-market-2018-trends-strategy-applications-analysis-and-growth-
by-2023-key-players-adm-ineos-enterprises-neste-renewable-energy/40350/

23. Major Players for Biofuel market
Global Market
• Mitsui
• Archer Daniels Midland Company
• Cargill
• Louis Dreyfus
• TerraVia Holdings
• Royal Dutch Shell plc.
• Bunge Limited
• Ineos Group
• Wilmar International Limited.
• Abengoa Bioenergy S.A
• My Eco Energy(Indizel)
Indian Market
• SHIRKE Energy.
• Universal Biofuels.
• Biodiesel Technologies.
• The Southern online
• Biotechnologies Ltd.
• Emami Biotech Limited.
• Bharat Renewable
Energy Limited.
• Chemcel Biotech Limited.
• Solena Absi India Pvt Ltd
(SAIP)

24. Food Or Fuel?
http://pennstategoestoparis.blogspot.com/2013/02/week-5-biofuels.html

25. Biodiesel
✘ Made from vegetable oils
✘ Environment friendly (B20 reduces
CO2 emissions by 15%)
✘ Biodegradable and non toxic
✘ Properties similar to diesel
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Production of biodiesel

27. THANKS!
Any questions?
References:
https://www.strategyr.com/MarketResearch/Biofuels_Bioethanol_Biodiesel_Market_Trends.asp
https://www.energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2016/07/f33/conversion_factsheet.pdf
https://gigaom.com/2008/03/04/wtf-are-fourth-generation-biofuels/
http://energyfromwasteandwood.weebly.com/generations-of-biofuels.html
http://tekim.undip.ac.id/staf/istadi/files/2009/05/topik6.pdf
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