A comprehensive analysis of Cloud computing technologies and applications for libraries & information organisations

1. Cloud computing

2. Agenda
 Cloud
-Definitions
 Cloud types
An overview
 Characteristics of Cloud computing
-Benefits
 Analysis
- Cloud @ Libraries
 Analysis
-Cloud @ Information Organization
 Reference

3. What is cloud computing?
A style of computing in which scalable and elastic IT-enabled capabilities are delivered as a
service to external customers using Internet technologies (Gartner Group, 2012).
Wikipedia defines cloud computing as an "Internet-based ('cloud') development and use of
computer technology ('computing')."
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cloud_computing

4. The National Institute of Standards and Technology defines cloud computing as “a model for enabling
convenient, on-demand network access to a shared pool of configuration computing resources that can be
rapidly provisioned and released with minimal management effort or service provider interaction.”
The Australian Government Cloud Computing Strategic Direction paper describes;
1.“Cloud computing is a new way of delivering computing resources, not a new technology”
2.“Agencies may choose cloud-based services where they demonstrate value for money and adequate
security.”
http://contactdubai.com/webhosting/security-in-cloud-
computing

5. Cloud types

7. Characteristics of Cloud computing
Benefits
 Cost saving
 Data storage
 Scalability
 Usability
 Collaboration

8. LIBRARY CLOUD
SERIALS
Hathi Trust
SOLUTION
WORL
SirsiDynix
DCAT
TROV
E
OCLC
LIBRARIES
AUSTRALIA Summon
Ex
Libris

9. Cloud computing @ Libraries
Cloud computing has a significant place in libraries and information organisations as a computing
tool and powerful platform that can enhance experience and engage library clients. It is beneficial
for academic libraries as cloud models offer a cheaper way to acquire IT services. Economy of
scale; paying for the platform only when it is used; and greater flexibility in adopting innovative
technology ideas enable agility of solutions development and deployment (Waggener, 2010).Users
can reach into the cloud for resources as they need from anywhere at anytime. For this
reason, cloud computing has also been described as “on-demand computing”.
OCLC WorldShare platform
 72,000 libraries worldwide
 Over 470 languages
 23,082 user-contributed reviews
 77,959 tags contributed
 464,531 user profiles created
 260,496 lists created
 658,659,871 Clickthroughs to WorldCat.org (2010)
 36,168,684 Clickthroughs from WorldCat.org to Libraries(2010)

10. WorldCat Today
270,733,301
Records
1,832,488,454
Holdings
Every 4 seconds a request
Every 10 seconds is filled through WorldCat
a record is added Resource sharing

11. OCLC
12.4 Million records to
WorldCat
449.9 Million
items Batch load
9.6 Million ILL
58 Million
170 Million Click-
Reference search
through

12. Serials Solutions
 Provides simple, easy, fast discovery and access to library resources, and most customizable and configurable for libraries
 Libraries can easily brand these services to meet their needs and match their library look and feel. search boxes can be
embedded in any library web page.
 A user-friendly and intuitive experience for clients
Fully hosted off-site and available 24x7, 365 days a year
 Cost-efficient administration and maintenance of the Discovery Service Full integration with IT environments
 more than 800 million records indexed so far to access
 More than 400 libraries in 40 countries
size of the Summon index in perspective
Massive collections such as the Library of Congress catalogue or PubMed make up just a small sliver of the total items in the Summon
index.

13.  “Today’s tools have forced librarians to create
too many redundant processes to manage the
entirety of their collection. Serials Solutions’
approach to managing library resources provides
needed relief by helping librarians to integrate
these same processes, which will allow them to
focus on fulfilling the library’s mission to its
patrons.” ( Kline, 2007).
 “Serials Solutions has demonstrated
remarkable commitment to ongoing
development and maintaining a reliable
schedule of compelling enhancements.
Through these releases, we’ve seen
amazing and continuing growth of
content, as well as responsiveness to
customer requests for new
functionality,”(Prestamo, Garrison &
Rodriguez, 2012).

14. Data storage
OCLC
 268,512,063 bibliographic records
 1.7 billion holdings
 417 databases
 531 million article records
 35 million institutional repository records
 15 million archival records
 8 million records from Google, HathiTrust
 1,830,720,827 Number of holdings
 170 Countries and territories with library holdings
 a record is added in every 10 seconds
 a request is filled through in every 4 seconds

15. Libraries Australia
 1200 Australian libraries
 48 million holdings
 Links to 1,433,733 online resources
 14.97m Searches
 12.3m Database searches(2010/11 )
 Cataloguing
 Document delivery- 296,000 requested
 736 LADD customers in Australia(As at June 2011)
 300 in New Zealand


16. ANBD
48 million holdings.

17. Picture Australia
 1.8 million images to access
Music Australia
 260,000
Australian Research Online
 550,000
 299,114,232 Australian and online items (17/05/2012)
 The full text of 68522551 historic Australian newspaper articles
 Tags from Wikipedia

18. Library of Congress
 147,093,357 items in the collection includes;
 22,194,656 cataloged books
 3,116,691 audio materials
 64,591,135 manuscripts
 5,415,134 maps
 16,502,298 microforms
 6,112,543 pieces of printed sheet music
 14,646,373 visual materials
 1.7 million onsite visitors
 527,466 reference services
 77 million Website visits
 581.1 million page views on the Library’s website.

19. The New York Public Library
90 locations include four research centers
50 million items
Collaboration through Social media
16 million patrons annually
28 million website visits annually
more than 200 countries visits the site.

20. Hathi Trust Digital
 Books
Library  Serials
 Other
 Launched 2008
 10,210,506 total volumes
 5,422,375 book titles
 269,179 serial titles
 3,573,677,100 pages
 2,902,669 volumes
(~28% of total) in the public domain
 150,000 new titles each month
 1.9 million titles in June 2009 and 3.64 million in June 2010.

21.  The top 10 languages make up ~86% of all content.
Arabic Latin
2% 1% Remaining
Italian
Languages
Japanese 3% 14%
3% English
Russian 48%
4%
Chinese French
4% 7% German
9%
Spanish
5%

22. British Library and Microsoft partnership-
100,000 out of copyright books in the library collection can be accessed by people all over the world through the Cloud.
(Drake, 2007)
In 2008, The Z. Smith Reynolds Library at the Wake Forest University, US migrated their resources through the cloud based
environment. Initially they used 20GB of storage space server. Through this experience In 2009 they migrated to
Amazon EC2 which facilitated a number of other options including:-
 automatic load balancing,
 connection with campus networks via virtual private cloud and auction-style access to server time
 scalable server solutions
 easy to use management controls
Library Thing provides a service, which allows people to contribute information and recommendations about books, and
to connect with one another to share interests. The site also contributes web services that enables libraries to draw on the
vast database of recommendations and other services available in Library Thing. It stores over 35 million books, with
metadata entirely contributed by the user population

23. Information organisation@ cloud
According to Morgan Stanley Research (2011) in 2013, 7.0% of workloads will run in SaaS environments, as compared with
3.2% today, and we estimate that in 2013,
6.3 million workloads will run in a SaaS environment, as compared with 1.8 million today. This leads to an estimated 1.3- 1.7
million incremental workloads in SaaS environments for each of the next three years.
McKinsey & Company’s (2011) estimates of cloud computing’s size show the combined market for public and private cloud
services growing from about $11 billion in 2010 to between $65 billion and $85 billion by 2015.
The latest study done by the International Data Corporation (IDC) predicts that by the year 2020, the world’s stored data will
reach an astonishing 35 ZB. (Zettabite= 1 trillion gigabytes)
The Digital Universe holds 1.8 trillion gigabytes in 500 quadrillion files.
“In 2012, 80% of new commercial enterprise apps will be deployed on cloud platforms” (International Data Corporation)
“At year-end 2016, more than 50 percent of Global 1000 companies will have stored customer-sensitive data in the public
cloud” (Gartner Research)
By 2020 the world will generate 50 times the amount of information and 75 times the number of “information containers”
while IT staff to manage it will grow less than 1.5 times.

24. Currently 43% of Australian enterprises use cloud computing in some form.
Up to 80 per cent of Australian organisations believe functions such as email and collaboration tools will be
operating within a public cloud environment by 2014.(DC: Australian Cloud Services 2011-2015 )
Australian government(ACT 1997)- $4.3 billion per annum on information and communication
technology.costs of $1 billion could be avoided by developing a cloud data center strategy for the next 15
years.
The Australian Taxation Office: The successful eTax, Electronic Lodgment System (ELS) and Tax Agent Board
administrative support systems are all supported by cloud-based services
The Australian Bureau of Statistics: Implementation of virtualization software as part of a transition to a private
cloud infrastructure
Treasury: Standard Business Reporting (SBR) and Business Names projects have made use of private cloud
capabilities
Dept. of Immigration and Citizenship: Adoption of a cloud computing proof-of-concept to investigate provision of an
end-to-end online client lodgment process.

25. Cloud Landscapes
Telstra cloud services have helped Australian business and communities during times of natural disaster. In January
2011, Telstra together with Microsoft® and local partner Productive, provided free and instant communications to businesses
that had their email server damaged or destroyed by the Queensland floods.
2009 bushfires, Telstra worked with the Victorian Government to create a cloud-based emergency warning system that
activates mass outbound calling to direct citizens in imminent danger to safer ground. Telstra’s Emergency Warning System
(EWS)
is a government private cloud providing citizen centric services. The EWS enables emergency services organisations to send
targeted communications to individuals in danger zones.
Encoding.com is the world’s largest encoding/transcoding service and uses cloud infrastructure to convert audio and video
files in multiple file formats. The conversions are done in the cloud when users upload file and then can be downloaded to
the users desktop.
Internet Radio - more than 60 million people listen every week through the cloud.
 In moving to the Cloud, the travel website Priceline.com invested in an application performance management platform
(CloudTweaks, 2012). The owner of the company said that “entrepreneurs can now harness the same level of processing
power and technology platforms for approximately $1,000, courtesy of low-cost cloud computing providers such as Dell, Intuit
and Amazon. The game has absolutely changed in our ability to leverage technology and the ability to access terabytes at
almost zero cost by lowering the cost of entry”.

26. Traditionally, the risk to businesses has been either allocating too few hardward resources for a cost-saving initiative, then
encountering a customer satisfaction problem, or wasting money by over-provisioning.
Recent survey by IDC (2012), IT managers listed their top application infrastructure objectives:-
1. Reliability
2. Performance;
3. Ability to meet service level agreements;
4. Need to reduce cost & complexity.
 Virtualization creates software layers that allocate and manage pooled resources like memory and storage in a way that
the application never sees. Cloud computing provides virtualization principles on a large scale.
 In a Cloud scenario, computing resources are centralized in an on-site or remote facility and administered as a
unit, usually with a virtualized foundation.
 Because Cloud services are built to support many customers and applications, they provide superior economies of
scale, often at a low unit cost.
 With appropriate background support, Cloud services maintain reliability and performance within a climate of increased
business uncertainty (CloudTweaks, 2012).

27. Telecommunication CLOUD
Has capability to run cell phone applications and web services and to store data remotely.
ITC world telecommunication estimated 640 million mobile and 490 million fixed broadband connections.
 In June 2011, Telstra announced it would invest more than $800 million during the next five years in response to
increasing customer demand for domestically based cloud services.
 TELSTRA and OPTUS provide the access to appropriate infrastructure, Software, Applications and Services across
Australia and have the largest communications network.
 Coverage to 99% of Australians and connections to the world through the Telstra Next G® network, which is fully
integrated with the Telstra Next IP® network. This extends cloud services to mobile staff, customers and suppliers
across Australia and the world.
 Customers can order virtual servers at pay-as-you-go (on demand) pricing, or via a range of subscription plans, and
combine them with a broad range of additional features.
 Service desk support on 24/7
 Scalable service- self-service portal allows administrators to create, manage and use Virtual
machines, catalogues, users and groups.
 Designed to give customers the flexibility, agility- control to scale their IT services up and down in real time to support
business requirements and fluctuations, without having to maintain their own infrastructure.
 Flexibility to manage their IT requirements based on a switch on, switch off basis.

28. Healthcare CLOUD
 The cloud infrastructure helps some of the most serious issues facing the health care industry today such as
dismal quality of health care provided, shortage of drugs, equipment, trained personnel and specialist medical
care in remote areas.
 An increase in the number of hospitals adapting e-health records and exchanging medical images and health
information data between hospitals, due to Cloud services.
For example:
In India the cloud enabled infrastructure of the "Micro Health Centre" solution by Hewlett Packard provides access
to specialist medical consultation at affordable cost and provides support for disease surveillance by tracking
disease patterns and risk factors,such as:-
 Data storage and transfer to an expert centre;
 Video conferencing with medical experts;
 Medical Equipment Connectivity: Equipment with sensors;
 Automated reminder of vaccination and TB drug administration;
 Monitoring of the patient visit, doctor and medical staff attendance;
 Centralised health record management .
Cloud computing has benefits in many contexts, and it is with an alteration in business methodology that full
advantage can be realised on many levels over the long term.

29. References
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governance/docs/draft_cloud_computing_strategy.pdf
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