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Annotations and 
EuropeanaProject Assembly 2014 - Tech 
Workshops 
David Haskiya 
2014-09-25
About this presentation 
In this presentation I will summarise the business and 
user value of supporting user created annotations in 
Europeana. I will also describe different types of 
annotations and suggest a relative priority from a 
Europeana perspective. 
This presentation is not a technical specification nor a 
product development plan.
Table of Contents 
• Why annotations? 
• What are annotations? 
• What is needed to support annotations? 
• Risks!
Why annotations? 
By encouraging and making it easy for our users to 
annotate our content we will support a deeper and more 
meaningful user experience, but we can also expect a 
number of other positive outcomes: 
•Meaningful connections across institutional silos 
•Curated sets (galleries/collections) of objects 
•Increased amounts of geodata 
•Increased amounts of links to Things 
•Enriched metadata to funnel back to our data partners 
•Improved recall and precision in search 
•Improved SEO
What are annotations? 
• Media annotations 
• Image annotations, but also text, audio and video annotations 
• Geotags 
• Object tags (usually just referred to as tagging) 
• User created relations between objects 
• User created object sets or collections 
• Corrections 
• Of original metadata 
• Of automatic enrichments 
• Translations of metadata 
• Liking, and rating of objects 
• Transcription of texts from images could be considered 
as a form of annotation
Object tags 
This will allow My Europeana users to tag items/records. 
The system will aid the user in connecting their tags to 
semantic resources and will index the multilingual labels 
of those resources for search. 
• It will be critical to retain a low threshold of participation (low 
cognitive overhead) while allowing for user control 
• Semantic resources will be autosuggested and the main input from the 
user would be to disambiguate when needed 
• Resources should come from SKOSified vocabularies like Dbpedia or 
Freebase 
•Benchmarks: 
•JocondeLab 
•Priority: 1 
•In development in eCreative
Image annotations 
This will allow My Europeana users to mark an area of 
an image and add an annotation (comment) to that area. 
Entities will be extracted from the annotation and indexed 
for search. 
• Creates annotations on the media items itself and thus encourages 
deeper interaction with the representation of the work 
• Dbpedia/Freebase to be used for the entities, possibly more specialized SKOS-compliant 
vocabularies 
• Dependent on direct media links in edm:IsShownBy 
• Benchmarks: 
• Annotorious 
•Priority: 2 
•In development in eCreative
User created collections/sets 
This will allow My Europeana users to create small 
collections of Europeana objects they select and then 
name, describe, tag, geotag and publish them. The 
collections will be made searchable and browsable in the 
portal and via the API. They will be shareable, 
embeddable and annotatable by other users. 
•Creates amateur-curated snackable collections with personal 
context 
•Users should be able to collaborate in the making of 
collections/sets 
•Benchmarks: 
• Rijksstudio, Digital NZ sets 
• See Chenchen Shen's Channels report for some excellent thoughts on user 
collections 
•Priority: 3 
•In prep for development in eCreative/eAwareness
User created object relations 
This will allow My Europeana users to relate Europeana 
objects to each other. A major outcome will be relations 
created between objects from different data providers 
and datasets. 
• Creates meaningful connections across datasets and between 
objects. 
• Relationship types: To be decided but Describes/DescribedBy, 
Depicts/DepictedBy, HasPart/IsPartOf, SameAs would be a good start 
(these are the ones used by Kringla) 
• Complements machine-created links between objects with 
“communitysourced” relations 
• The input of users could also be used to confirm or remove object 
relations created by machine algorithms 
• Benchmarks: 
• Kringla where registered users can create typed relationships between 
objects (and also typed relationships with Wikipedia articles) 
• Priority: 4
Geotags 
This will allow users to relate an item to a specific plaxce 
on a map (or possibly multiple places). Such place tags 
will be treated as resources with their own identifier and 
will also be indexed for spatial search. A special type of 
geotagging is georeferencing of maps. 
• Creates more fine-grained geodata and improves existing geodata 
• Thus improving relevance of developing geographical discovery 
solutions based on our metadata 
• Benchmarks: 
• Historypin 
• Priority: 5
Correction of automatic enrichments 
This will allow users to correct automatically created 
enrichments thus serving as a form of distributed quality 
control. 
•Improves the quality of semantic enrichment and thus Europeana 
data overall 
•And as an effect it improves discovery as precision of search is 
improved by removing false hits 
•Benchmarks: 
•Powerhouse museum collections lets users remove machine tags 
•Priority: 6 
•High priority in eSounds
Correction of metadata 
This will allow users to suggest corrections of original 
metadata thus serving as a form of distributed quality 
control. 
• Improves the overall quality of Europeana data 
• Benchmarks: 
• ? 
• Issues: We can't overwrite institutional data. How to feed it back to 
the provider for them to officially change? 
• Priority: 7
Translations 
This will allow users to suggest translations of original 
metadata thus serving as a form of distributed translation 
service. 
• Improves the overall quality of Europeana data and especially 
improves multi-lingual retrieval 
• Benchmarks: 
• ? 
• Priority: 8
Liking and rating 
The most low-friction manner in which a user can 
annotate an object. The resulting annotations can for 
example be used to influence search result rankings or 
add further sorting mechanisms. 
• Liking is a good hint to ranking of search results 
• Rating adds hints for ranking and a sorting mechanism for end-users 
• Priority: 9
General requirements 
• Develop API-first, features will not always be supported in the 
Europeana portal 
• Only logged-in My Europeana users or authorized API-keys can 
annotate 
• Annotations are published and made searchable in (near) real-time 
• Community management of annotations, post-publication 
• Users can flag annotations for removal with an annotation being removed 
from display and search if flagged by 3 different users. 
• Administrators can delete annotations and will have access to a 
dashboard for tracking and managing annotations 
• Annotations as a class must be added to EDM 
• They must be time-stamped and linked to a user 
• Annotations must be compliant with the Open Annotations 
Community specification 
• Annotations to be available for consumption via a continuous 
Atom/RSS-feed
Specific requirement: Annotations harvest 
Europeana should develop the capability to harvest and 
ingest packages of annotations to existing Europeana 
objects. This will be piloted in collaboration with 
Historypin. 
•Will allow collaboration with non-Europeana crowdsourcing platforms 
like Historypin, Waisda?, Zooniverse and Crowdcrafting/Pybossa 
•Priority: 1 
•To be developed with Historypin as part of Europeana 3.0
Non-technical dependencies 
• EDM must be updated to encompass user created 
annotations and collections (in progress) 
• The Europeana Terms of Use must be reviewed and if 
necessary revised to take user created annotations into 
account 
• When the first annotation features are launched they 
should do so as part of a prepared community outreach 
campaign encouraging their use
System architecture 
The Europeana platform must be extended to encompass 
storage and (real-time) indexing of annotations and the 
development of a read/write Annotations API 
• A prototype Annotations service has been developed in Europeana 
Creative 
• Constraints: 
•Must be open source 
•Must be developed “API-first” 
•Should ideally not add new major softwares to the European 
stack
Risks! 
• Lack of firm coordination between eCreative, eSounds 
and eCloud leads to duplication of effort or development of 
software modules that become abandonware post-project 
• Overstretched data modelling, design and development 
resources causes delay in/low quality of integration and 
client implementations 
• Endless “policy” discussions on the overestimated 
reputational risks in user created content 
• What will we do if someone annotates “Hitler’s the best. And 
damned good looking as well!” Etc ad nauseaum.
Thanks for listening!

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Annotations and Europeana @Project Assembly 2014 - Tech Workshops

  • 1. Annotations and EuropeanaProject Assembly 2014 - Tech Workshops David Haskiya 2014-09-25
  • 2. About this presentation In this presentation I will summarise the business and user value of supporting user created annotations in Europeana. I will also describe different types of annotations and suggest a relative priority from a Europeana perspective. This presentation is not a technical specification nor a product development plan.
  • 3. Table of Contents • Why annotations? • What are annotations? • What is needed to support annotations? • Risks!
  • 4. Why annotations? By encouraging and making it easy for our users to annotate our content we will support a deeper and more meaningful user experience, but we can also expect a number of other positive outcomes: •Meaningful connections across institutional silos •Curated sets (galleries/collections) of objects •Increased amounts of geodata •Increased amounts of links to Things •Enriched metadata to funnel back to our data partners •Improved recall and precision in search •Improved SEO
  • 5. What are annotations? • Media annotations • Image annotations, but also text, audio and video annotations • Geotags • Object tags (usually just referred to as tagging) • User created relations between objects • User created object sets or collections • Corrections • Of original metadata • Of automatic enrichments • Translations of metadata • Liking, and rating of objects • Transcription of texts from images could be considered as a form of annotation
  • 6. Object tags This will allow My Europeana users to tag items/records. The system will aid the user in connecting their tags to semantic resources and will index the multilingual labels of those resources for search. • It will be critical to retain a low threshold of participation (low cognitive overhead) while allowing for user control • Semantic resources will be autosuggested and the main input from the user would be to disambiguate when needed • Resources should come from SKOSified vocabularies like Dbpedia or Freebase •Benchmarks: •JocondeLab •Priority: 1 •In development in eCreative
  • 7. Image annotations This will allow My Europeana users to mark an area of an image and add an annotation (comment) to that area. Entities will be extracted from the annotation and indexed for search. • Creates annotations on the media items itself and thus encourages deeper interaction with the representation of the work • Dbpedia/Freebase to be used for the entities, possibly more specialized SKOS-compliant vocabularies • Dependent on direct media links in edm:IsShownBy • Benchmarks: • Annotorious •Priority: 2 •In development in eCreative
  • 8. User created collections/sets This will allow My Europeana users to create small collections of Europeana objects they select and then name, describe, tag, geotag and publish them. The collections will be made searchable and browsable in the portal and via the API. They will be shareable, embeddable and annotatable by other users. •Creates amateur-curated snackable collections with personal context •Users should be able to collaborate in the making of collections/sets •Benchmarks: • Rijksstudio, Digital NZ sets • See Chenchen Shen's Channels report for some excellent thoughts on user collections •Priority: 3 •In prep for development in eCreative/eAwareness
  • 9. User created object relations This will allow My Europeana users to relate Europeana objects to each other. A major outcome will be relations created between objects from different data providers and datasets. • Creates meaningful connections across datasets and between objects. • Relationship types: To be decided but Describes/DescribedBy, Depicts/DepictedBy, HasPart/IsPartOf, SameAs would be a good start (these are the ones used by Kringla) • Complements machine-created links between objects with “communitysourced” relations • The input of users could also be used to confirm or remove object relations created by machine algorithms • Benchmarks: • Kringla where registered users can create typed relationships between objects (and also typed relationships with Wikipedia articles) • Priority: 4
  • 10. Geotags This will allow users to relate an item to a specific plaxce on a map (or possibly multiple places). Such place tags will be treated as resources with their own identifier and will also be indexed for spatial search. A special type of geotagging is georeferencing of maps. • Creates more fine-grained geodata and improves existing geodata • Thus improving relevance of developing geographical discovery solutions based on our metadata • Benchmarks: • Historypin • Priority: 5
  • 11. Correction of automatic enrichments This will allow users to correct automatically created enrichments thus serving as a form of distributed quality control. •Improves the quality of semantic enrichment and thus Europeana data overall •And as an effect it improves discovery as precision of search is improved by removing false hits •Benchmarks: •Powerhouse museum collections lets users remove machine tags •Priority: 6 •High priority in eSounds
  • 12. Correction of metadata This will allow users to suggest corrections of original metadata thus serving as a form of distributed quality control. • Improves the overall quality of Europeana data • Benchmarks: • ? • Issues: We can't overwrite institutional data. How to feed it back to the provider for them to officially change? • Priority: 7
  • 13. Translations This will allow users to suggest translations of original metadata thus serving as a form of distributed translation service. • Improves the overall quality of Europeana data and especially improves multi-lingual retrieval • Benchmarks: • ? • Priority: 8
  • 14. Liking and rating The most low-friction manner in which a user can annotate an object. The resulting annotations can for example be used to influence search result rankings or add further sorting mechanisms. • Liking is a good hint to ranking of search results • Rating adds hints for ranking and a sorting mechanism for end-users • Priority: 9
  • 15. General requirements • Develop API-first, features will not always be supported in the Europeana portal • Only logged-in My Europeana users or authorized API-keys can annotate • Annotations are published and made searchable in (near) real-time • Community management of annotations, post-publication • Users can flag annotations for removal with an annotation being removed from display and search if flagged by 3 different users. • Administrators can delete annotations and will have access to a dashboard for tracking and managing annotations • Annotations as a class must be added to EDM • They must be time-stamped and linked to a user • Annotations must be compliant with the Open Annotations Community specification • Annotations to be available for consumption via a continuous Atom/RSS-feed
  • 16. Specific requirement: Annotations harvest Europeana should develop the capability to harvest and ingest packages of annotations to existing Europeana objects. This will be piloted in collaboration with Historypin. •Will allow collaboration with non-Europeana crowdsourcing platforms like Historypin, Waisda?, Zooniverse and Crowdcrafting/Pybossa •Priority: 1 •To be developed with Historypin as part of Europeana 3.0
  • 17. Non-technical dependencies • EDM must be updated to encompass user created annotations and collections (in progress) • The Europeana Terms of Use must be reviewed and if necessary revised to take user created annotations into account • When the first annotation features are launched they should do so as part of a prepared community outreach campaign encouraging their use
  • 18. System architecture The Europeana platform must be extended to encompass storage and (real-time) indexing of annotations and the development of a read/write Annotations API • A prototype Annotations service has been developed in Europeana Creative • Constraints: •Must be open source •Must be developed “API-first” •Should ideally not add new major softwares to the European stack
  • 19. Risks! • Lack of firm coordination between eCreative, eSounds and eCloud leads to duplication of effort or development of software modules that become abandonware post-project • Overstretched data modelling, design and development resources causes delay in/low quality of integration and client implementations • Endless “policy” discussions on the overestimated reputational risks in user created content • What will we do if someone annotates “Hitler’s the best. And damned good looking as well!” Etc ad nauseaum.