Cotton Crop Presentation

U.S. Specialty Crop Production: Cotton ,[object Object],David Taylor December 7, 2010,[object Object]

Specialty Crop Production: Cotton,[object Object],[object Object]

Cotton is grown in only 17 southern states.

USDA 2010 Report: 10.566 million acres of cotton planted.

Cotton acreage planting declined from 15.27 million acres in 2006 down to 9.41 million acres in 2008.

Decrease due largely to higher prices for competing crops like soybeans, corn, and peanuts and less fertilizer expense especially for soybeans and peanuts.

Cotton yield is figured in bales. 1 bale is 480-lb net weight.

5 yr. average yield for all U.S. grown cotton is 826 pounds of lint per acre.

Current cotton futures price for Dec. 10 contract: $1.42/ lb.,[object Object]

Cotton Crop Overview,[object Object]

One of the most economically and socially important crops in the world.,[object Object],Size of the plant depends on: soil, climate, water conditions, plant variety.,[object Object],Grows best in clay loam soil with a semitropical climate.,[object Object],Perennial shrub with tropical origins that is produced in an annual row crop environment in the US. ,[object Object],Growing season: 6-7 months.,[object Object],Typically takes about 175 days from planting to harvest.,[object Object],Bt cotton was introduced in 1996.,[object Object],Successful cotton production depends on an integrated and intense management strategy.,[object Object]

Fertility Requirements,[object Object]

Typical fertility requirements to produce a 480-lb. bale,[object Object],N: 60 – 70 lbs./acre,[object Object],P: 25 - 30 lbs./acre,[object Object],K: 40 – 50 lbs./acre,[object Object],Note: Cotton plants are sensitive to zinc buildup in soil.,[object Object]

Seeding Cotton,[object Object]

Cotton seeding requirements,[object Object],Soil temperature: min. 68°F at 2” depth.,[object Object],Planting dates range from April 15th through the end of May.,[object Object],Planting depth 0.5” to 1.5” depending on soil moisture.,[object Object],The optimal plant population: 30,000 to 60,000 plants per acre in 30 to 40 inch rows.,[object Object],Typical row width 36 to 40 inches.,[object Object],Seed is planted using mechanical planters.,[object Object]

Cotton Growth Cycle,[object Object]

Cotton Seed Anatomy,[object Object],[object Object]

The seed has several main parts:

the micropyle (the pointed end)

All of the structures for the cotton plant are present inside the cotton seed.

Seedling Emergence,[object Object],4-14 days after planting seedling emerges.,[object Object],About a week after seedling establishes, first true leaf forms above cotyledons.,[object Object],Shift from emergence to vegetative growth.,[object Object]

Root Development,[object Object],Most of the cotton plant’s carbohydrate energy is directed to root growth prior to the time reproductive growth begins.,[object Object],The cotton root system develops as a taproot system with smaller, lateral roots stemming off of the taproot.,[object Object]

Vegetative Growth,[object Object],The development of vegetative growth and fruiting is highly related to temperature if adequate moisture is available. ,[object Object],Main stem leaves form first from main stem nodes.,[object Object],Generally, a new node is produced from the apical meristem an average of every 3 days, although nodes develop more quickly early in the growing season than later in the season. ,[object Object],Branches grown on cotton plants are divided into two groups, vegetative and fruiting branches.,[object Object],Vegetative branches grow straight and hold the fruiting branches and main stem leaves,[object Object], Fruiting branches grow in a zigzag pattern.,[object Object]

Vegetative Growth,[object Object],A fruiting bud, called a square, begins to form at the initiation of the fruiting branch, accompanied by a subtending leaf; typically 4th through the 8th nodes.,[object Object],The subtending leaves provide carbohydrate energy for the squares.,[object Object],The first square produced on a fruiting branch is referred to as a first-position square.,[object Object], As this square develops, the internode between the main stem and the square elongates.,[object Object], An axillary meristem also develops next to this square. The axillary meristem produces a second position square and subtending leaf. Several squares may be produced on a fruiting branch. ,[object Object]

Cotton Crop Presentation

Cotton Crop Presentation

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