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HIV /AIDS
INTRODUCTION
• AIDS stands for Acquired Immune
Deficiency Syndrome.
• HIV stands for Human Immunodeficiency
Virus.
• A pattern of devastating infections caused by
the human immunodeficiency virus.
• HIV, which attacks and destroys certain
white blood cells that are essential to the
body’s immune system.
• HIV/AIDS is spectrum of conditions caused
INTRODUCTION
• The red ribbon is a symbol for solidarity
with HIV – positive people and those
living with AIDS.
• HIV is spread primarily by unprotected sex,
contaminated, blood transfusions, hypodermic needles
and etc.
• Some bodily fluids, such as saliva and tears, don’t
transmit HIV.
• There is no cure or vaccine
• Treatment is recommended as soon as the diagnosis is
made.
• Without treatment, the average survival time after
INTRODUCTION
• Complications - opportunistic infections,
tumors
• Duration - long term
• Frequency -1.8 million new cases (2016)
36.7 million living with HIV (2016)
• Deaths - 1.0 million (2016)
• HIV/AIDS has had a great impact on
society, both as an illness and as the
source of discrimination.
• World aids day designated on 1
HISTORY
• Scientists believe that HIV originally came from
a virus particular to chimpanzees in west Africa
during the 1930s, and originally transmitted to
humans through the transfer of blood through
hunting.
• Over the decades virus spread through Africa
and to other parts of world.
• When rare types of pneumonia, cancer, and
illness were being reported to doctors that the
world became aware of HIV/AIDS.
• AIDS was first clinically observed in 1981 in the
RISK FACTORS
Anyone of any age ,race ,sex ,or sexual
orientation can be infected with HIV, but
you`re at greatest risk of HIV/AIDS if
you:
• Have unprotected sex with someone
who is HIV–positive
• Have another sexually transmitted
disease, such as syphilis, herpes ,
chlamydia , gonorrhoea or bacterial
vaginitis
• Share needles during intravenous drug
RISK FACTORS
• Newborns or nursing infants whose mothers
tested positive for HIV but did not receive
treatment also are at high risk.
• Most dangerous sexual practice: anal inter
course
• Recent evidence that HIV can be transmitted by
oral sex
• Heterosexual transmission is easier from men to
women than women to men
• Risk of acquiring for men is greater if contact
RISK FACTORS
• If mother is HIV positive, 100% of
children will test positive at birth
• About 20% of these will remain HIV
positive after 1 year.
• Breast feeding increases transmission
rate
• Neverapine:I if given during labor to
mother and to child after birth , cuts
PREVENTION
HIV –negative individual prevention:
• Educate yourself and others.
• Know the HIV status of any sexual partners.
• Use a new latex or polyurethane condom
every time you have sex
• Consider male circumcision
• Use a clean needle
• Be cautions about blood products in certain
countries .
• Get regular screening tests.
• Don`t become complacent.
PREVENTION
HIV positive individual prevention:
• Follow safe-sex practices.
• Tell your sexual partners you have HIV.
• If your partner is pregnant , tell her you have HIV .
• Tell others who need to know.
• Don`t share needles or syringes.
• Don`t donate blood or organs.
• Don`t share razor blades or toothbrushes.
• If you`re pregnant get medical care right away.
TARNSMISSION
AIDS is diagnosed, when the immune
system is unable to protect the body even
against common diseases. The battle
between HIV & the immune system is fought
in the following stages.
1st stage – In the first stage in the primary
HIV infection. It begins at the time of
infection & lasts until the body’s initial
immune response gains some control over
viral action. Flu like symptoms are
2nd stage – In the beginning of the second
stage the anti-bodies to HIV become
detectable in the blood stream. It is not
possible to determine the presence of the
infection before this stage. Most of the
infected people remain healthy during this
stage. While, the immune system of the body
is struggling against the virus.
3rd (Final) stage- The final stage of HIV is
clinical AIDS. During this stage, the person
becomes liable to catch infections and illness.
Though, some infections associated with
AIDS can be treated with medicines,
TRANSMISSION OF AIDS
1) Sexual Intercourse – A person maybe
infected with HIV, if he has unprotected
intercourse with and infected person.
2) Reuse of Contaminated Syringes -
People who use illegal drugs are also
vulnerable to HIV infection. A tiny
amount of blood can transmit HIV and
can be injected directly into the blood
stream with the drugs.
3) Infection via Birth or Nursing from
Mother To Child – Infants can be injected
in the uterus through contact with the
mother’s blood at birth. HIV can also be in
the breast-milk of infected women and can
be passed on to their babies.
4) Reuse of needles in Medical Settings-
HIV may also spread through medical
injections. In some of the poorest
countries, injections are the preferred
delivery system and the same syringe may
be used on multiple people in one day
MEASURES TO CREATE AIDS
AWARENESS
The following are the measures to create
awareness of AIDS among the people:-
1. Exhibition on AIDS- The government and
NGO’s must organize exhibitions on regular
basis to create awareness among the masses
about HIV/AIDS.
2. Publicity- A wide publicity must be given in the
mass media, especially television, radio etc.
Effective posters can be displayed inside and
3. Street Plays- Street plays my be
organized by youth organizations, NGO’s and
others in AIDS sensitive areas. The plays
would provide infotainment to the masses,
especially, to the illiterate people.
4. Health Camps- Regular health camps
must be conducted at work places, schools,
colleges, etc.
The health campaigns should be not only to
provide health check, but also to create
awareness of the deadly disease.
S Y M P T O M S O F
H I V / A I D S
E A R LY S Y M P T O M S O F H I V
A R E –
1 . F E V E R
2 . C H I L L S
3 . S W O L L E N LY M P H
N O D E S
4 . G E N E R A L A C H E S A N D
PA I N S
5 . S K I N R A S H
6 . S O R E T H R O AT
7 . H E A D A C H E
8 . N A U S E A
9 . U P S E T S T O M A C H
>Because these symptoms are similar to
common illnesses like the flu, the person with
them might not think they need to see a
healthcare provider. And even if they do,
their healthcare provider might suspect
the flu or mononucleosis and might not even
consider HIV.
>Whether a person has symptoms or not,
during this period their viral load is very high.
The viral load is the amount of HIV found in
the bloodstream. A high viral load means that
HIV can be easily transmitted to someone
else during this time.
>Therefore the symptoms of HIV vary from
person to person
SYMPTOMS OF HIV ….
• These nonspecific
symptoms may include:
1.recurrent fevers
2.night sweats
3.fatigue
4.vomiting
5.diarrhea
6.weight loss
7.skin rashes
8.pneumonia
9.shingles
After the first month or so,
HIV enters the clinical
latency stage. This stage
can last from a few years to
a few decades. Some
people don’t have any
symptoms during this time,
while others may have
minimal or nonspecific
symptoms. A nonspecific
symptom is a symptom that
doesn’t pertain to one
specific disease or
condition.
• Symptoms of AIDS can include:
1.chronic swollen lymph glands
2.chronic fatigue
3.night sweats
4.dark splotches under the skin or inside the
mouth, nose, or eyelids
5.recurrent or chronic diarrhea
6.rapid weight loss
7.neurologic problems such as trouble
concentrating, memory loss, and confusion
9.anxiety and depression
• AIDS refers to acquired immunodeficiency
syndrome. With this condition, the immune
system is weakened due to HIV that’s typically
gone untreated for many years. If HIV is found
and treated early with antiretroviral therapy, a
person will usually not develop AIDS.
• Without proper and consistent treatment,
people living with HIV can develop AIDS
sooner. By that time, the immune system is
quite damaged and has a harder time fighting
off infection and disease. With the use of
antiretroviral therapy, a person can maintain
chronic HIV infection without developing AIDS
for decades.
STATISTICS OF
HIV/AIDS…
• India needs to scale up its
interventions to tackle the
HIV/AIDS burden in order to
shore up efforts that saw the
number of Indians dying from
the disease fall 58% from 2005
to 2016, UNAIDS said.
• The figures were published on
Thursday in a new UNAIDS
report that also said that for
the first time that more than
half the people living with HIV
(53%) around the world now
have access to treatment and
AIDS-related deaths have
almost halved since 2005.
• India remains the country with
the third largest population of
people with HIV after South
Africa

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Hiv aids

  • 2. INTRODUCTION • AIDS stands for Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome. • HIV stands for Human Immunodeficiency Virus. • A pattern of devastating infections caused by the human immunodeficiency virus. • HIV, which attacks and destroys certain white blood cells that are essential to the body’s immune system. • HIV/AIDS is spectrum of conditions caused
  • 3. INTRODUCTION • The red ribbon is a symbol for solidarity with HIV – positive people and those living with AIDS. • HIV is spread primarily by unprotected sex, contaminated, blood transfusions, hypodermic needles and etc. • Some bodily fluids, such as saliva and tears, don’t transmit HIV. • There is no cure or vaccine • Treatment is recommended as soon as the diagnosis is made. • Without treatment, the average survival time after
  • 4. INTRODUCTION • Complications - opportunistic infections, tumors • Duration - long term • Frequency -1.8 million new cases (2016) 36.7 million living with HIV (2016) • Deaths - 1.0 million (2016) • HIV/AIDS has had a great impact on society, both as an illness and as the source of discrimination. • World aids day designated on 1
  • 5. HISTORY • Scientists believe that HIV originally came from a virus particular to chimpanzees in west Africa during the 1930s, and originally transmitted to humans through the transfer of blood through hunting. • Over the decades virus spread through Africa and to other parts of world. • When rare types of pneumonia, cancer, and illness were being reported to doctors that the world became aware of HIV/AIDS. • AIDS was first clinically observed in 1981 in the
  • 6. RISK FACTORS Anyone of any age ,race ,sex ,or sexual orientation can be infected with HIV, but you`re at greatest risk of HIV/AIDS if you: • Have unprotected sex with someone who is HIV–positive • Have another sexually transmitted disease, such as syphilis, herpes , chlamydia , gonorrhoea or bacterial vaginitis • Share needles during intravenous drug
  • 7. RISK FACTORS • Newborns or nursing infants whose mothers tested positive for HIV but did not receive treatment also are at high risk. • Most dangerous sexual practice: anal inter course • Recent evidence that HIV can be transmitted by oral sex • Heterosexual transmission is easier from men to women than women to men • Risk of acquiring for men is greater if contact
  • 8. RISK FACTORS • If mother is HIV positive, 100% of children will test positive at birth • About 20% of these will remain HIV positive after 1 year. • Breast feeding increases transmission rate • Neverapine:I if given during labor to mother and to child after birth , cuts
  • 9. PREVENTION HIV –negative individual prevention: • Educate yourself and others. • Know the HIV status of any sexual partners. • Use a new latex or polyurethane condom every time you have sex • Consider male circumcision • Use a clean needle • Be cautions about blood products in certain countries . • Get regular screening tests. • Don`t become complacent.
  • 10. PREVENTION HIV positive individual prevention: • Follow safe-sex practices. • Tell your sexual partners you have HIV. • If your partner is pregnant , tell her you have HIV . • Tell others who need to know. • Don`t share needles or syringes. • Don`t donate blood or organs. • Don`t share razor blades or toothbrushes. • If you`re pregnant get medical care right away.
  • 11. TARNSMISSION AIDS is diagnosed, when the immune system is unable to protect the body even against common diseases. The battle between HIV & the immune system is fought in the following stages. 1st stage – In the first stage in the primary HIV infection. It begins at the time of infection & lasts until the body’s initial immune response gains some control over viral action. Flu like symptoms are
  • 12. 2nd stage – In the beginning of the second stage the anti-bodies to HIV become detectable in the blood stream. It is not possible to determine the presence of the infection before this stage. Most of the infected people remain healthy during this stage. While, the immune system of the body is struggling against the virus. 3rd (Final) stage- The final stage of HIV is clinical AIDS. During this stage, the person becomes liable to catch infections and illness. Though, some infections associated with AIDS can be treated with medicines,
  • 13. TRANSMISSION OF AIDS 1) Sexual Intercourse – A person maybe infected with HIV, if he has unprotected intercourse with and infected person. 2) Reuse of Contaminated Syringes - People who use illegal drugs are also vulnerable to HIV infection. A tiny amount of blood can transmit HIV and can be injected directly into the blood stream with the drugs.
  • 14. 3) Infection via Birth or Nursing from Mother To Child – Infants can be injected in the uterus through contact with the mother’s blood at birth. HIV can also be in the breast-milk of infected women and can be passed on to their babies. 4) Reuse of needles in Medical Settings- HIV may also spread through medical injections. In some of the poorest countries, injections are the preferred delivery system and the same syringe may be used on multiple people in one day
  • 15. MEASURES TO CREATE AIDS AWARENESS The following are the measures to create awareness of AIDS among the people:- 1. Exhibition on AIDS- The government and NGO’s must organize exhibitions on regular basis to create awareness among the masses about HIV/AIDS. 2. Publicity- A wide publicity must be given in the mass media, especially television, radio etc. Effective posters can be displayed inside and
  • 16. 3. Street Plays- Street plays my be organized by youth organizations, NGO’s and others in AIDS sensitive areas. The plays would provide infotainment to the masses, especially, to the illiterate people. 4. Health Camps- Regular health camps must be conducted at work places, schools, colleges, etc. The health campaigns should be not only to provide health check, but also to create awareness of the deadly disease.
  • 17. S Y M P T O M S O F H I V / A I D S E A R LY S Y M P T O M S O F H I V A R E – 1 . F E V E R 2 . C H I L L S 3 . S W O L L E N LY M P H N O D E S 4 . G E N E R A L A C H E S A N D PA I N S 5 . S K I N R A S H 6 . S O R E T H R O AT 7 . H E A D A C H E 8 . N A U S E A 9 . U P S E T S T O M A C H >Because these symptoms are similar to common illnesses like the flu, the person with them might not think they need to see a healthcare provider. And even if they do, their healthcare provider might suspect the flu or mononucleosis and might not even consider HIV. >Whether a person has symptoms or not, during this period their viral load is very high. The viral load is the amount of HIV found in the bloodstream. A high viral load means that HIV can be easily transmitted to someone else during this time. >Therefore the symptoms of HIV vary from person to person
  • 18. SYMPTOMS OF HIV …. • These nonspecific symptoms may include: 1.recurrent fevers 2.night sweats 3.fatigue 4.vomiting 5.diarrhea 6.weight loss 7.skin rashes 8.pneumonia 9.shingles After the first month or so, HIV enters the clinical latency stage. This stage can last from a few years to a few decades. Some people don’t have any symptoms during this time, while others may have minimal or nonspecific symptoms. A nonspecific symptom is a symptom that doesn’t pertain to one specific disease or condition.
  • 19. • Symptoms of AIDS can include: 1.chronic swollen lymph glands 2.chronic fatigue 3.night sweats 4.dark splotches under the skin or inside the mouth, nose, or eyelids 5.recurrent or chronic diarrhea 6.rapid weight loss 7.neurologic problems such as trouble concentrating, memory loss, and confusion 9.anxiety and depression • AIDS refers to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. With this condition, the immune system is weakened due to HIV that’s typically gone untreated for many years. If HIV is found and treated early with antiretroviral therapy, a person will usually not develop AIDS. • Without proper and consistent treatment, people living with HIV can develop AIDS sooner. By that time, the immune system is quite damaged and has a harder time fighting off infection and disease. With the use of antiretroviral therapy, a person can maintain chronic HIV infection without developing AIDS for decades.
  • 20. STATISTICS OF HIV/AIDS… • India needs to scale up its interventions to tackle the HIV/AIDS burden in order to shore up efforts that saw the number of Indians dying from the disease fall 58% from 2005 to 2016, UNAIDS said. • The figures were published on Thursday in a new UNAIDS report that also said that for the first time that more than half the people living with HIV (53%) around the world now have access to treatment and AIDS-related deaths have almost halved since 2005. • India remains the country with the third largest population of people with HIV after South Africa