These ppt is About Geology applied to engineering reference to india

1. GEOLOGY APPLIEDTO ENGINEERING PROBLEMS REFERENCE TO
INDIA
Name: Darji Darshan .R
GEL Paper: 508
Roll No: 3
Guided By: Dr. H. V. Majethiya Sir
M.G. Science Institute
(Geology Department)
Navrangpura,Ahmedabad,Gujarat 380009
darshandaiya234@gmail.com

2. CONTENT
• Introduction
• Chenab Rail Bridge
• Atal Tunnel
• Mumbai–Nagpur Expressway
• Sardar Sarovar Dam
• Statue Of Unity
• References
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3. INTRODUCTION
Engineering problem means a problematic situation that is convenient to analysis and solution
using engineering sciences and methods.
Engineering geology understanding of geologic phenomena ,geologic problems and solution of
engineering problems. Engineering geologists provide geological and geotechnical
recommendations ,design of human development ,analysis to various type of structures. for
residential, commercial and industrial developments.
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4. CHENAB RAIL BRIDGE
• The Chenab Rail Bridge is a steel and concrete arch bridge between Bakkal and Kauri and just 42
km from main Reasi town in the Reasi district of Jammu and Kashmir, India.
• The bridge spans the Chenab River, at a Hight of 359mt above the river, making it the world's
highest rail bridge.
• Bridge construction started, August-2004. The bridge was inaugurated in 13 August 2022.
• Design- Arch Bridge, Material-Steel and Concrete, Designer-Konkan Railway, Afcons
Infrastructure & DRDO.
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5. CHENAB RAIL BRIDGE
• The extraordinary challenge lies in a large number of tunnels (totaling 63 km in length) and
bridges (7.5 km) to be implemented in highly rugged and mountainous terrain, with the difficult
Himalayan geology. The most difficult part is believed to be the crossing of the deep gorge of the
Chenab River, near Salal Hydro Power Dam, by the Chenab Bridge.
• The Chenab Rail Bridge was designed as a large span single arch steel bridge with approach
viaducts on either side. The arch is two ribbed, fabricated from large steel trusses. The chords of
the trusses are sealed steel Design boxes, internally stiffened and filled with concrete to assist in
controlling wind induced forces on the bridge. Another advantage of concrete filling is that
internal painting will not be required.
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(www.sciencedirect.com)
(www.hindustantimes.com)

7. • Atal Tunnel (also known as Rohtang Tunnel),named after former Prime Minister of India, Atal
Bihari Vajpayee is a highway tunnel built under the Rohtang Pass in the eastern Pir Panjal range
of the Himalayas on the Leh-Manali Highway in Himachal Pradesh, India.
• At a length of 9.02 km, it is the highest highway single tube tunnel above 10,000 feet (3,048 m)
in the world.
• PROBLEMS- Tectonic Thrust, High Overburden, Varying Geology, Exceptionally Large Cross-
Sectional Area, Excessive Snowfall, High Stresses, Rock Spalling (Bursting), Escape
Arrangement, Breakthrough, Largest Shear Zone Crossed.
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Atal Tunnel

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(https://bro.gov.in/)

9. MUMBAI–NAGPUR EXPRESSWAY
• The Samruddhi Mahamarg or Nagpur Mumbai Super Communication Expressway (officially
known as Hindu Hrudaysamrat Balasaheb Thackeray Maharashtra Samruddhi Mahamarg) is a
partially opened 6-lane wide (expandable to 8), 701-km long access-controlled expressway in
Maharashtra, India.
• The expressway will be the country’s largest “Greenfield” route alignment including 65 flyovers,
24 interchanges, 6 tunnel, 400+ vehicular, 300+ pedestrian underpasses, and cattle underpass at
strategic locations.
• The Nagpur Metro has entered the Guinness Book of World Records for creating the longest
double-decker viaduct metro of 3.14 km on the Wardha Road.
• Geology of project area is covered by deccan trap lava flows of upper Cretaceous to lower
Eocene age. And the soil of area is black cotton. 9

10. (www.hindustantime.com)
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11. SARDAR SAROVAR DAM
• The Sardar Sarovar Dam is a concrete gravity dam built on the Narmada River in Navagam near
the town of Kevadiya, Narmada District, in the state of Gujarat, India. The dam was constructed
to provide water and electricity to four Indian states: Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, and
Rajasthan.
• The Sardar Sarovar (Narmada) Project is the largest multipurpose water resources project located in
the Narmada Valley in Gujarat state in India to irrigate 17.93 lakh hectare of land. The main dam is
1227m long and 163m height from the deepest foundation level (129m from the river bed level). The
construction of 1200 MW underground powerhouse.
• The Narmada project is located in the ‘SONATA’ (Sone Narmada-Tapti-Lineament) rift zone (Graben)
bounded by faults aligned in ENE-WSW direction.
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12. SARDAR SAROVAR DAM
• The project site is occupied by the Deccan basalt flows underlain by infra-trappean sedimentary rocks (Bagh
beds). Basalt flows are of amygdaloidal, porphyritic and dense (aphanitic) varieties. Eight flows are exposed
above bed level on the left bank and five flows on the right bank. Thickness of the individual lava flows
varies from 7 to 56m. The sedimentary rocks (Bagh beds) comprising of quarzitic sandstone, argillaceous
sandstone, shale, pebbly sandstone and limestone and basalt flows are sub-horizontally disposed.
• A River Channel Fault has brought sedimentary rocks in juxtaposition with basalt flows at the dam base.
Basic dykes exposed in the area are aligned in ENE-WSW direction.
• The data on earthquake occurrence in peninsular india show that the maximum credible earthquake (MCE)
in this area can have maximum magnitude of 6.5. Based on the seismotectonic studies of the area the piplod
fault, which is a major closest fault (i.E. At 12 km shortest distance) to the dam site, has been assumed as
causative fault for the aseismic design of the dam.
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Rock Mass Rock Mass Evaluation of the Sardar Sarovar (Narmada) Dam and Underground
Powerhouse, India, Indra Prakash, Nikhil Desai, MS University of Baroda, Gujarat, India,
fig-1 , Geology and location map of Sardar Sarovar (Narmada) Dam.

14. SARDAR SAROVAR DAM
• About 15% of the epicenters of all earthquakes occurring in the area fall on the northern side of
Narmada river and the rest 85% on the southern side of the river mainly along and adjacent to Piplod
fault. No activity along river channel fault, located at the dam base has been observed prior and during
the present stage of construction of the dam.
• The project is located in the seismic zone III of the seismic zoning map of India.
• Finally, the dam was constructed by many of treatment, grouting method. weak rock layer like
argillaceous sandstone, shale, red boll were excavated.
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Rock Mass Rock Mass Evaluation of the Sardar Sarovar (Narmada) Dam and Underground
Powerhouse, India, Indra Prakash, Nikhil Desai, MS University of Baroda, Gujarat, India.

16. STATUE OF UNITY
• The Statue of Unity is the world's tallest statue, with a height of 182 meters (597 feet), located near
Kevadiya in the state of Gujarat, India. It depicts Indian statesman and independence activist
Vallabhbhai Patel (1875–1950).
• Constructed at the Sadhu-Bet Island, near Sardar Sarovar dam.
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Construction Challenges: Building The World's Tallest Statue
(linkedin.com)

17. STATUE OF UNITY
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The project surrounded by remote, mountainous, and uneven terrain
gave rise to extraordinary difficulties and challenges.
From laying down the foundation to over coming structural design
challenges, engineers used unconventional methods and solutions to
build this engineering marvel.
The location- Such a massive statue structure being built on the top
of a tiny hillock in a river basin just 3 km away from the Narmada
dam faced challenges like delay in material delivery, staging, carving
out rocks and building bridges etc.
Moreover, after a through geo-technical testing of ejection, grouted
anchor rods, and epoxy etc. before laying the foundation.

18. STATUE OF UNITY
• Finding Proper Concrete Strength: Mixing concrete and placing it in mountainous region is hard. Engineers
have used concrete strengths from 40 MPa up to 65 MPa (fcu) in the construction.
• Irregular Structure: One of the major challenge was to set a structural system for the irregular form of the
statue, which is slender at the base and larger at the top. As a result, the forces of gravity, wind, and
earthquakes would act differently at different part of the statue. This called for a structure which was held by a
pair of "cylindrical composite concrete cores" working as the primary gravity and lateral system.
• Durability: For standing against the test of time, the statue’s structure has been built robust and redundant.
The cylindrical core walls are made so muscular that they produce very low stress due to gravity and in case
of an accidental event, only a localized damage will happen to the wall as the loads will redistribute around
the damaged area.
• Fun fact: As part of a nationwide ‘Loha’ campaign, around 1, 69, 000 Iron kits
were collected from farmers across the country and melted and converted into
rebar for use in the statue foundation.
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19. CONCLUSION
• Here we have seen many geological problems like Tectonic Thrust, High
Overburden, Varying Geology, Exceptionally Large Cross-Sectional Area, Excessive
Snowfall, High Stresses, Rock Spalling (Bursting), Escape Arrangement,
Breakthrough, Largest Shear Zone Crossed, fault plain ext.
• So, despite all these geographical problems, our Indian engineer has constructed it
all.
• As we have discussed, these construction have been raised by giving several
geological treatments.
• So we have proud for that our Indian engineers are constructed it all.
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20. REFERENCE
• www.Wikipedia.com - Chenab Rail Bridge, Atal Tunnel, Mumbai–Nagpur Expressway, Bhakra Nangal Dam,
Sardar Sarovar Dam, Statue Of Unity.
• https://bro.gov.in – Atal Tunnel
• https://msrdc.in – Mumbai–Nagpur Expressway
• https://bbmb.gov.in – Bhakra Nangal Dam
• Prakash, I., & Desai, N. (2004). Rock mass evaluation of the Sardar Sarovar (Narmada) Dam and underground
powerhouse, India. In International conference on case histories in geotechnical engineering. Paper (No. 2.26).
• https://statueofunity.in
• https://www.sardarsarovardam.org
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