Stick framing system with glazing

STICK FRAMING SYSTEM WITH
GLAZING TARAB.S (LEADER)
HUZAIFA.J
RUKAIYA.SH
AVITA.N
ANSARI .SH
SHOAIB.M
ZUBER.D

• Stick-type curtain wall glazing system is a type of Structural Glazing
where the frame verticals or the mullions and the glass panels are
erected and connected piece by piece
• The vertical mullions are attached first to the floor slabs and then the
horizontal mullions are attached to the vertical ones.
• Generally, stick-type glazing is preferred for buildings that are not that
tall, usually less than 3-4 floors.
• Air, wind, and heat can play a vital role the stability and the stick
glazing method takes these factors while they are built.
• Usually, the glass units between the aluminium frame slide when there
is a thermal factor.
• This factor is taken into consideration and provisioned when the
glazing is done.
INTRODUCTION
STICK FRAMING SYSTEM

COMPONENTS OF STICK FRAMING SYSTEM
• The individual elements of a stick system are commonly fabricated (cut to length and
prepared for connection) within a factory and then shipped to site as a kit of parts which is
then installed by a team of specialist contractors.
• Once the mullion/transom grid is erected, the glass panes and spandrel panels are
positioned and typically held in place by pressure plates which are masked by cover caps. An
alternative method to clamp the glass is toggle glazing which uses a channel between the
glass to clamp the internal laminate only.
• The two fixing details are shown in Figures 1, 2 and 3. Due to its versatility and cost, these
systems are typically used in shopping centers and low rise office buildings.

ADVANTAGES & DISADVANTAGES
ADVANTAGES
• It is easy and flexible for installation; and it is easy to
replace, repair and maintain
• The glazing can be fabricated off-site. This allows for
less erection time than other curtain wall glazing
system.
• Cost efficient
DISADVANTAGES
• Difficulties in quality control.
• Stick glazing usually has lower load-bearing capacity
than other curtain wall glazing systems
• Relies heavily on site workmanship.
• Requires different trade men.
• Difficult to accommodate building movement.
• Difficult to control water drainage to individual
floors.
• Too many loss parts and components on site.
• Poor acoustic and thermal insulation.
• Deterioration of expansion and sealant joints.

LIMITATIONS OF STICK FRAMING SYSTEM
•The installation process will take longer because fabrication
and glazing will be done on site.
•Stick glazing usually has lower load-bearing capacity than
other curtain wall glazing systems
•Most of the erection work and glazing work in done on the
site, so it requires large amount of storage space for material
and installation process.
•The speed of installation is slow as compared to Unitized
curtain system.
•You can only install low and mid size curtain wall in the Stick
Framing System.
•Exterior access is compulsory in this system.
•Stick Framed Curtain wall is mostly preferred in the low rise
buildings.
•Poor acoustics and Thermal insulation.
site storage
First stage installation at site
Installation process
Finished project

TYPES OF STICK FRAMING SYSTEM
 Without Decorative Capping System:
• Horizontal and vertical frames of curtain wall are both invisible hidden
within the decorative sheets. Glass is connected to the glass sub-frame
through the structural silicone adhesive. The sub frames are fixed to
the horizontal and vertical frames through mechanic connection.
• Curtain wall glass is attached to the sub-frames through structural
sealant.
• Glass sub-frame is fixed to the aluminium alloy frame through the use
of special purposed lock block, screws and nuts.
• Glass lock block is accurately positioned and installed in the
prefabricated rabbet in the horizontal and vertical frame.
 Decorative Capping framing System:
• The curtain wall glass of this type of curtain wall is fixed to the curtain wall keel
through its outside long pressure plate and the decorative capping covers the
pressure plate from the outside.
• Two layers of seals are formed at the inside and outside of the glass where in
contact with the pressure plate by respectively setting a complete and
continuous sealing structure.
• Heat insulation measures are adopted at connection position between glass
clamp and the main keel to stop heat transfer.
• The degree of tightness at the connection between glass clamp and decorative
cover plate is adjustable, which not only ensures stable clipping and convenient
installation.

TYPES OF GLASS
FLOAT GLASS
• Monolithic and highly transparent
• Manufactured in two main varieties, i.e.
clear and tinted.
• float glass can be toughened, a process
that creates safety glass out of
annealed glass.
• Available in thicknesses 2-19 mm
• Can be colored during manufacturing.
SHEET GLASS
• three different kind of sheet glasses:
– Annealed flat glass
– Processed flat glass
– Misc. glass
• Actual color green (or sometimes blue).
• Sizes available: 2 MM -19 MM
• 25 RUP SQM-85 RUP SQM
PATTERNED GLASS
• This glass surface has a patterned
decorative design which provide
translucency and some degrees of
obscurity.
• Patterns are classified as decorative or
glazing
• Thickness: 4mm, 6mm,
TINTED GLASS
• Manufactured by adding a dye at the
molten glass stage.
• Used to minimize solar heat gain and glare
while it also absorbs heat.
• Available in grey, bronze, green, blue and
blue/green
• Allows for increased control of comfort
and energy usage

WIRED GLASS
• Fine twisted hexagonal wire netting or
mesh inserted during the process of
rolling.
• May be patterned, smooth rolled or
ground and polished.
• When broken, loose pieces of glass are
held by the wire netting.
• Thickness: 5 to 7 mm.
REFLECTIVE GLASS
• Coating of a metal compound applied on
one surface by chemical deposition.
• Reflects light and solar heat
• May be applied on any type of glass
• Causes light pollution and is hazardous to
traffic.
• 4MM -12 MM
• 53-63 RUP/SQM
INSULATING GLASS
• Factory assembled unit consisting of
two or more panels of glass separated
by air spaces.
• Moisture proof
• The periphery of the air spaces is
hermetically sealed.
SAFETY GLASS
• Requirement of uninterrupted vision rules
out the use of wired glass.
• Is of two types-
-Laminated safety glass
-Toughened safety glass
TYPES OF GLASS

FRAMING
ALUMINIUM SINGLE TRACK ALUMINUM DOUBLE TRACK ALUMINUM TRIPLE TRACK
SIZES
• 85 MM X 45MM
• 125 MM X 45MM
• 150 MM X 45 MM
• 200 MM X 45 MM
SIZES
• 125 MM x 50 MM
• 175 MM X 50 MM
• 200 MM X 50 MM
SIZES
• 150MM X 75 MM
• 175 MM X 75 MM
• 225 MM X 75 MM
RATE RATE RATE
• 180 RUP/KG • 190 RUP/KG • 200 RUP / KG

+
MOCKUPS : TESTING
1. Visual and performing mockup are full scale constructions of part of
building envelope assembly that incorporate the actual specified materials
i.e. the aluminium frames, panels used, sealants and the extra support
system.
2. The building envelope that is being tested must be watertight i.e. prevent
water penetration to the interior, control air leakage and condensation and
resist wind load.
3. The mockups response to each test is measured precisely noted and
compared to the specified criteria that is being provided.
4. If the model performs as expected it passes otherwise remediation
measures are required and the system must be modified so that it can pass
the retest.
Frame
testing
Curtain wall
mockup
An airplane engine
and propeller used
to stimulate high
winds
during a curtain wall
mockup test

INSTALLTION PROCESS
Niches are created in the slab and channel
are fixed
Fixing of Mullions
Fixing Brackets
Internal panels and insulation panels are fixed
Aluminium Structure
Fixing of Transom

INSTALLTION PROCESS
Fixing of Glass Panes
Inferior Support Profile Customised Clip Positioned
Complete Structural Glazing Facade

FIXING DETAILS AND METHODOLOGY

2 ALTERNATIVE
Corner Joinery Detail
SETTING BLOCK NOTCHED TO
ALLOW OF WATER TO WEEPS
INSULATING
GLASS
GLAZING
GASKET
SEALANT
CAP
MULLION
SETTING BLOCK NOTCHED
TO ALLOW PASSEGE OF
WATER TO WEEP
PRESSURE
PLATE
BAR
Glass Fixing Detail
SNAP CAP BELOW
SEALED GLAZING
UNIT
SELICON
WEATHERSEAL
BACKER
RAIL
MULLION
STRUCTURAL
SILICONE
GASKET
SCREW CHASE
RAIL
CORNER
MULLION
METAL BACK
PANE
SNAP CAP
BELOW
SEALED
GLAZING
UNIT
SEALANT
STRUCTURAL
SILICONE
CORNER POST
AIR SPACE
SPANDREL PANEL

STEEL SHELF
ANGLE AND
CONTINOUS
METAL SHELF
ANGLE
TRIM COVER
SEALANT AND
CLOSED CELL
BACKER ROD WITH
WEEP HOLES
MULLION
GLAZING
GASKETS
INSULATING GLASS
UNIT
BRICK WALL

+
MAINTENANCE AND AFTERCARE
1. Curtain walls and perimeter sealants require maintenance to
maximize service life.
2. Perimeter sealants properly designed and installed have a
typical service life of 10 to 15 years. Removal and
replacement of perimeter sealants require meticulous surface
preparation and proper detailing.
3. Aluminium frames are generally painted or anodized. Care
must be taken when cleaning areas around anodized
materials as some cleaning agents will destroy the finish.
Factory applied fluoropolymer thermoset coatings have good
resistance to environmental degradation and require only
periodic cleaning.
4. Expose glazing seals and gaskets require inspection and
maintenance to minimise water penetration, and to limit
exposure of frame seals and insulating glass seals to wetting.
MAINTAINING PERIMETER SEALANTS ON REGULAR BASIS
DETRIORATION OR DISCOLOURATION OF FRAME FINISH

DIFFERENCE BETWEEN STICK FRAMING & UNITIZED FRAMING SYSTEM
Stick Framing System Unitized framing System
Installed piece by piece at site Units are shop fabricated and pre-assembled
Thermal expansion & contraction of mullions are
accommodated by expansion joints
Units are designed so that the horizontal & vertical
members in adjacent units interlock to form
common mullions & rails
System components are shop fabricated & shipped Lower field installation cost
Grater degree of on site adjustments Lower degree of site adjustments
Low shipping cost Shorter construction period
Longer on site assembly time & more on site labor
than the other system
The greater shipping cost because of the added
bulk from assembled units

CASE STUDY 1:
Spertus Institute Of Jewish
Studies

SPERTUS INSTITUTE OF JEWISH STUDIES CHICAGO
• Location: Illinios, Chicago, USA.
• Designed by: Chicago-based Krueck+ Sexton architects.
• Is a private educational center.
• The building is innovative and environmentally
sustainable.
• It is a 10 storey building: 161 feet tall and 80 feet wide.
• The geometry of the façade is unique because the
surface tilts in three dimensions.
• High performance lighting and demand-based
ventilation, the building achieves a 29% reduce in energy
consumption, resulting in 550 tons of avoided CO2 per
year.
• Water-saving fixtures are used throughout, and healthy
materials, high-efficiency air filtration, and special
humidity controls provide quality indoor air.
• The cost of the Spertus project was more than $50
Glass facade
Front elevation
3 dimension tilted
Glassfacade.
Interior vIiew

WINDOW WALL DETAIL
• The window wall is built from 726 individual pieces of
glass in 556 different shapes with a typical size of 4'-4"
x 7'-0".
• The lightness of the wall and absolute minimal use of
materials offer great efficiency and sustainability.
• façade’s dynamic crystalline form allow light to extend
into the narrow building, while expanding the views
enjoyed from inside.
• Individual units of glass that are parallelograms rather
than rectangles.
Form of the wall Typical section highlighting the facade wall
Interior play of light using glass facades and creating sustainable design.
On the Glass Façade:
Near the centre of the
facade a portion of the
valve feels away from
the building mass to
form a canopy
stuttering the street
entrance and revealing
the construction
method of the curtain
wall.
The canopy The extended portion showing fixing
Details.

TYPICAL FAÇADE DETAIL:
1. Structurally glazed laminated
insulating class with low E
coating and ceramic frit
silkscreen.
2. Extruded aluminium unit
frame.
3. Bend extruded aluminium
mullion.
4. Adjustable translucent blind.
5. Radiator.
6. Concrete slab on metal deck.
7. Fireproof Steel beam.
8. Suspended Ceiling.
GLASS:
It is a custom hybrid system of structural free glazed silkscreened insulating
glass units in multiple shapes mounted onto:
FRAME:
stick built millions of extruded aluminium.
FAÇADE:
the building name facade measures 24.4 by 50 5.2 metres and is clad entirely
in a folded, faceted custom glass curtain wall.
SEALANT:
The Glass is factory placed along each edge with the structural silicone
sealant that adheres it to minimal frame of extruded aluminium.
MULLIONS:
These units are then mounted onto Y shaped mullions, spanning vertically
from floor to floor that bend and twist.
Glass Specifications:
1.375" insulated unit with 0.375" low-iron outer lite (single pane) of glass, a 0.5" air
space and a 0.5" laminated interior lite made up of two 0.25" lites laminated together
Glass Coatings:
Interior surface of the outer lite of glass has a low-E (low emissivity) coating and a 40%
ceramic frit pattern made up of 0.125" white dots

AXONOMETRIC VIEW DETAIL:
main elevation facade Diagram showing curtain wall facets

TYPICAL MULLION DETAIL:
Ground floor plan
4th floor plan
TYPICAL FLOOR PLANS HIGHLIGHTING GLASS WALL IN FACADE:

CASE STUDY 2 :HALLIDIE
BUILDING, SAN

HALLIDIE BUILDING, SAN FRANCISCO
• Location:San Franciso,USA.
• Opened in :1918
• Architect:Willis Polk
• Owned by :University of California at Berkeley
• Size: Seven-story façade (~9,000 sf with cornice)
• Construction cost: $7.1 million
• Construction time: 2011 to 2013
Old building facade
• Listed in the National Register of
Historic Places and the California
Register, the Hallidie Building was
named a San Francisco Landmark in
1971.
• Nation's first glass curtain wall
new building facade
The façade, consisting of glass panes
suspended in a steel mullion grid, is
projected in front of the perimeter
columns, with concrete sills supported
by bearing anchors to carry the weight
of the glass skin.
Most of the windows pivot
horizontally to facilitate natural
ventilation in concert with
conventional windows in the wall
behind.

• This transparent wall was suspended 83 cm in front of
the support line, which was comprised of a 45.72 cm
diameter hexagonal reinforced columns at twenty-foot
centres.
• The weight of the glass skin alone was carried on a
7.6cm projecting concrete sill, cantilevered out from
the upstand beam.
building façade schematic section Fixing of glass to transom and mullion
SLAB
RCC SUSPENDED SLAB
STEEL
TRANSOM
STEEL
MULLION
GLASS
PANEL
STEEL
PLATE

Window Fixing Detail
STEEL TRANSOM
STEEL MULLION
GLASS
STEEL PIVOT
STEEL
CAP
GLAZING
GASKET
FILLER BLOCK
Horizontal pivoting window
STEEL MULLION
STEEL TRANSOM

CASE STUDY 3 for double glazing curtain
wal :
Agbar Tower BARCELONA,

AGBAR TOWER BARCELONA, SPAIN
• The tower itself is based on two
concentric concrete oval cylinders
of which the outer cylinder
encases the inner cylinder.
• The structure is built with
reinforced concrete and the
cladding of the façade is done with
aluminum and mobile glass
louvres.
• The unusual form of the tower is inspired by the shape of a geyser
that is rising into the air and by the towers of the Sagrada Familia
and the Montserrat mountain ranges in Barcelona.
Montserrat mountain ranges
Sagrada familia
• Location: Barcelona,
Spain.
• Finished on : 1999-
2005
• Designed by:
designed by the
French architect Jean
Nouvel, in
association with the
Spanish firm Fermín
Arquitectos, for the
Agbar Group, a
holding company.
• The height of the
tower is 144,0 m.
It was a structure
that ties the new
incoming from the
old.
Location map
• A special aesthetical effect
is created at night by the
4500 LED devices, that can
create millions of colours.
Led fittings on exterior
facade
Agbar Tower
Inner concrete core
Outside aluminum shell
INTRODUCTION

EXTERIOR FAÇADE DETAIL
1.CONCRETE WALL 2.WINDOWS 3.SEALING BANDS 4.BRACKETS AND ANCHORS
5.INSULATION 6.CORRUGATED SHEET 7.MAINTAINANCE TRAYS 8.GLASS LOUVERS
Load bearing Reinforced concrete wall
with punched windows
Translucent and clear glass louvers
suspended on extruded aluminium
framing members

FAÇADE BLOWN UP SECTION :
• The louvers are tilted at 14 different angles calculated to deflect direct sunlight.
• They move according to horizontal pivoting motion with a fixed pivoting axis.
• The inner layer of double -skin façade is composed out od concrete (30-50 cm thk) and is
thermally insulated on the inside.
• The space between the façade layer forms a thermal buffer and allows a natural circulation of
air and ventilation.
• TECHNOLOGY READINESS LEVEL- commercial level/ existing building
• FUNCTION/GOAL- thermal comfort, visual comfort, appearance and energy
consumption
• TYPE OF FAÇADE SYSTEM- active
• TECHNOLOGICAL FEATURES- mobile screens for controlling solar radiation,
building automation systems for the management of plants and elements of
building skin.
• TYPE OF MATERIAL- glass
• TYPE OF SHADING DEVICE- blinds with slant angle control
• TYPE OF TRIGGER INPUT- thermal( outdoor temperature), optical (daylight
level, glare)
• TYPE OF OUTPUT- mechanical
• CONTROL / OPERATION TIME -auto reactive
• SYSTEM RESPONSE TIME- minutes
• SYSTEM DEGREE OF ADAPTABILITY- gradual
• LEVEL OF VISIBILITY- visible surface change(louvers, blinds)
• IS THE SYSTEM ECONOMICAL -no
• SYSTEM MAINTANCE FREQUENCY- yearly

Installation of the glass louvres
taking place from the
maintenance catwalk
Sketch of the facade
Zoomed in section of Agbar Tower
1.Detail of pivoting
blinds from outside.
2. Detail of pivoting
blinds from indoor
space.
1 2
Interior views of the structure
TYPICAL FAÇADE DETAIL:

• The double skin presents an inner leaf formed by windows within a steel frame
and the outer leaf is formed by glass louvres supported onto supporting steel
frames.
• The design makes easier the façade installation, because the spandrel metallic
cladding and the glass louvres were assembled from the maintenance catwalk.
• This improved the site safety conditions whereas supposed a cost saving in
lifting devices.
• The glass louvres supporting frame and the catwalk were installed from the
scaffoldings.
• Afterwards, the catwalk was employed as a platform for the glass louvres
installation, later used as the vertical protection for the rest of the façade
works.
• Finally, any maintenance work can be done from the catwalk, being safety and
accessible for any façade component.
Installation works taking place from the
scaffolding
• This spectacular colored façade consists of 50,000 louvres
measuring on average 1 meter x 30 cm.
• DOWSIL™ 993 Structural Glazing Sealant was specified to
bond laminated glass, supplied by San Gobain, onto its
aluminum frame by fabricator La Veneciana.
• DOWSIL™ 993 Structural Glazing Sealant was chosen for
its unique strength/flexibility ratio and proven track
record of durability.
Fixing of floor slabs from inner core to exterior
cylinder
Inside view of Agbar tower showing
core
construction phase
EXTERIOR FAÇADE INSTALLATION :

TYPICAL FAÇADE LOUVER DETAIL:
Louver detail
Blown up section showing louvers

Stick framing system with glazing

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