Claim Checking - Credweb.pptx

1. Claim Checking and Disinformation CREDWEB MEETING – MAY 27TH, 2020 DANIEL SCHWABE Oct. 2018 © Daniel Schwabe 1

2. Julho 2018 © Daniel Schwabe 2 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uNdapXryZ98.

3. 3 No Daddy, this is Fake News! But how can it be Fake if it says exactly what I think??!!

4. Claim Checking structure (simplified) Julho 2018© Daniel Schwabe 4 Agent A Utterance S1 Statements Statements Agent B Utterance S2 claims Claims author author supports Agent C Utterance S3 Claims author Donald Trump’s height is 6’2’’ Contradicts

5. Example Oct. 2018 © Daniel Schwabe 5 https://www.politico.com/story/2016/12/trump-drivers-license-height-232948

6. Example Julho 2018© Daniel Schwabe 6 Donald Trump Interview Donald Trump’s height is 6’3’’ claims author Sean P. Conley Memo claims author Donald Trump’s height is 6’3’’ supports NY DMV Driver’s License claims author Donald Trump’s height is 6’2’’ contradicts https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefings-statements/memorandum-physician-president-2/

7. Example 2 (metadata) Julho 2018 © Daniel Schwabe 7 https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2012/10/sorting-the-real-sandy-photos-from-the- fakes/264243/

8. Claim Checking Oct. 2018 © Daniel Schwabe 8

9. Claim check process • Dispute of Narratives • Involves a chain of trust • Must be anchored ◦ Direct experience ◦ Social conventions – laws, norms, religion ◦ “Faith” • Consumption by user • Purpose (action?) • Structure of the narrative ◦ Argumentation • Elements of the narrative ◦ Agents, sources • Presentation Oct. 2018 © Daniel Schwabe 9

10. What is trust? Social Media/News = a world of Agents. Trust as a social process. Some properties of trust • It only matters when some action is involved (Castelfranchi’s delegation) • It is binary! You can’t “half trust”, because you can’t “half act” • It is held towards some agent regarding some “matter”. Gerck: ❝ Trust is knowledge-based reliance on received information❞. • Models of Trust x Trust Models Oct. 2018 © Daniel Schwabe 10

11. Trust Process Data/Information Metada Context Policies Trust Process Trusted Data/Information Action Agent Junho 2018 © Daniel Schwabe

12. Questions for discussion  How do we relate to Value systems?  https://georgelakoff.com/2016/11/22/a-minority-president-why-the-polls-failed-and-what-the- majority-can-do/?  Does additional info make a difference?  ”How politics makes us stupid” • (http://www.vox.com/2014/4/6/5556462/brain-dead-how-politics-makes-us-stupid) • Dan Kahan, ”The Politically Motivated Reasoning Paradigm”, Emerging Trends in Social Sciences, 2017  People do change positions • (Nyhan and Reifer, ” Do People Actually Learn From Fact-Checking? Evidence from a longitudinal study during the 2014 campaign”, http://www.dartmouth.edu/~nyhan/fact-checking-effects.pdf)  Check the ”fact checkers”? • Petter Bae Brandtzaeg & Asbjørn Følstad, ”Trust and Distrust in Online Fact-Checking Services”, Communications of the ACM, forthcoming  Fake checkers! Junho 2018 © Daniel Schwabe 17

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