1. Chapter six
DRM practice in Ethiopia and its challenge
By Mihret w.
Jan, 2023

2. Presentation outline
 Introduction
 DRM Framework in Ethiopia
 DRM Program Framework
 CCA and DRM Mainstreaming
 DRM Integration Information and EWS
 EW tools and regular monitoring
 Main Challenges in our DRM system

3. Introduction
 Ethiopia is still highly vulnerable to a wide range of CC
induced natural as well as man-made disasters
 Drought remains the country’s leading major hazard
while flood is the second major hazard next to drought
 Recently, Climate Change and associated risks are and
will continue to affect the economy in general and
agriculture and Food Security in particular

4. Conti…
Ethiopian Disaster Management system is transforming from :
Disaster Response to Disaster Risk Management
(prevention, mitigation, preparedness, response, recovery &
rehabilitation)

5. Institutional Set-Up
 Pre BPR period: crisis management focused
●Pre-1973: no organized DM system, ad-hoc response to
crises
●1973: Relief & Rehabilitation Commission (RRC)
●1995: Disaster Prevention and Preparedness Commission
(DPPC)
●2004: Disaster Prevention and Preparedness Agency (DPPA)
●2006-07: Business Process Reengineering (BPR)
 Post BPR period: Risk management focused
●2008: Disaster Risk Management and Food Security Sector
(DRMFSS)

6. Policy Perspectives
● Currently, the National DRM Policy being endorsed by the council
of Ministers and the legal issues are on-going.
 DRM Strategic Program and Investment Framework.
 Climate affects multiple sectors including agriculture, food
security, water resources, health and land use.
 Climatic variability triggers crop failures, food insecurity, malaria
epidemics, and shortages in hydro-power and irrigation.
 These types of impacts affect the ability of developing countries to
achieve Millennium Development Goals related to poverty, hunger
and human health.

7. Conti…
 Managing the risk associated with climate variability is
integral to a comprehensive strategy for adapting
agriculture and food systems to a changing climate.

8. DRM Framework in Ethiopia
 National Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction
 Five objectives linked to the globally agreed Hyogo framework for action
(HFA)
● Strengthen national disaster risk management strategies and institutions
● Ensure risk and vulnerability assessments, early warning and contingency
planning and financing- in both rural and urban areas
● Increase and sustain awareness creation, education and capacity building
● Reduce underlying risk and vulnerability (and integrate DRR into sector
planning and practices for example in water, health, environment…etc)
● Improve emergency preparedness and response through capacity
strengthening

9. DRM PROGRAMME FW
 Dividing along six components in to three phases and one
enabling environment:
a) Pre-Disaster Phase
1. Prevention
2. Preparedness
3. Mitigation
b) Disaster Phase
 4. Response
 a)Post-Disaster Phase
 5. Recovery and Rehabilitation
 a)Enabling Environment
 6. Institutional Strengthening

10. Ethiopian DRM program FW

11. DRM mainstreaming
 Roadmap for mainstreaming DRR in different sector
plans and programs
 Integration of DRR in development plans and land use
and physical plans at regional, city, and woreda levels
 Integration of DRR in zoning laws and building
regulations and codes at federal, city, and regional levels

12.  Increased adoption and mitigation measures as CC
adaptation initiatives
 Integration of DRM and CCA coordination mechanisms
 Climate change financing facilities Sustainable land
management Environmental management
CCA and DRM integration

13. Information EWS
 EWS is part of the development undertaking of any country & as such should be
incorporated in all sector activities to collect information. Information must be
collected:-
❖ Prior to the incident: Information about impending drought or
deteriorating health conditions or structural weaknesses of dams before the impact
takes place.
❖ Current situation: as the impact is taking place (e.g. Weather
information, water & pasture availability, levels of rivers and dams),
❖ After the incident: information after the incident should be
gathered to assess the damage and the needs for response

14. Conti…
 Major components of Early Warning:-
 Monitoring (monitoring indicators relevant to
agriculture, health, water, Education, conflict, etc.);
 Warning (Warning of the threat of disaster
ahead of time); and
 Triggering Timely and Appropriate
Response (food and non-food assistance,
etc…)

15. Early warning tools and regular monitoring
Data collection
•Monitoring data is collected from different weredas on
weekly and monthly basis.
•Weather information from National Metereological
Services Agency.
•Different relevant data from UN agencies, NGOs and
Other relevant agencies

16. Conti…
 Different tools of Early Warning
 Different Early Warning tools are currently in use to
monitors indicators relevant to food and non-food
components, analyse data and provide warning about
impending disasters.
 Main tools of EW:-
✓monitoring checklists
✓regular early warning reports
✓Satellite-based weather monitoring tool Livelihoods,
Early Assessment and Protection (LEAP) System
one of major tools to trigger risk financing mechanism

17. Main Challenges in our DRM system
 As DRM is a new direction in Ethiopia there is a scarcity of skilled man
power to implement the system in a proper manner.
 Low level capacity in terms of material resource Staff turnover
 Lack of awareness, how to interpret weather/climate information at all
level.
 Lack of clarity of weather/climate information from the provider side
 Different level of understanding about DRM at all level