Water molecules are polar, with hydrogen having a positive charge and oxygen having a negative charge. This allows water molecules to form hydrogen bonds between each other.

2. Water molecules are polar – one end
(hydrogen) is positively charged and
the other end (oxygen) is negatively
charged.
hydrogen bond

3. Video, Fuel Cell from Humboldt State University in Northern California:
http://video.nationalgeographic.com/video/player/environment/energy-
environment/fuel-cells.html

5. Standing water ecosystem – a body of
fresh water surrounded by land and
whose water does not flow (e.g., a lake or
a pond).
Three zones
1. Littoral – shallow water near shore
2. Limnetic – open water as far down as
sunlight penetrates to permit
photosynthesis.
3. Profundal – deep water where sunlight
does not penetrate; bacteria and
Bear Lake decomposers.
Rocky Mountain National Park

7. Nova Video, Arctic dinosaurs and secrets in leaves:
http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/arcticdino/program.html

8. Flowing water ecosystem – water flows in a current (i.e., river, stream).

9. Columbia River Basin

10. The Columbia River
Drainage basin
Indigenous peoples

11. Columbia River
Hydroelectricity
Fishing

12. Columbia River
1.National Security & Pollution
2.Nature
3.Agriculture

13. Alpine Glacier Melt in Austria:
http://video.nationalgeographic.com/video/player/environment/global-
warming-environment/glacier-melt.html

14. Freshwater wetlands – land that freshwater covers for at least part of a year.
These biomes have characteristic soil and water-tolerant vegetation.
1. Soils are water logged and anaerobic (no oxygen) for long periods of
time. Rich in accumulated organic material.
2. Excellent habitat for migratory waterfowl and birds.
3. Can trap and hold pollutants in flooded soil, cleansing and purifying
water.

15. Estuaries – coastal body of water
partly surrounded by land with access
to open ocean and a large supply of
fresh water from a river.
1.Water levels rise and fall with tides.
2.Salinity fluctuates from fresh to
brackish (somewhat salty) to salt ocean
water at the mouth of the estuary.
3.Salt marshes – temperate estuary.
Mangrove forests/swamps 4.Mangrove forest – tropical estuary.

16. NYTimes
The Science of the Spill
A year after BP Oil Spill, a search for its impact
http://video.nytimes.com/video/2011/04/11/science/100000000769803/
oil-spill-enviro-update.html

17. mixed
population
bacteria
Natural selection – the
tendency of those individuals
that are better adapted to antibiotic
environmental conditions to ampicillin
survive, reproduce, and
increase their proportion in
the population.
First proposed by Alfred
Wallace “On the Tendency of ampicillin
Species to form Varieties” in resistant
bacteria
1858 and Charles Darwin
“On the Origin of Species” in
1859.

18. Evolution of the Peppered
Moth by Natural Selection
Rural England moths were light
and peppered effectively
camouflaging them with lichens
and trees.
Urban England soot covered
much of landscape and light
colored moths die off from
predation. Black moths
flourished.