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MODULE 2 - Chandigarh - 2021.pdf
INTRODUCTION TO CHANDIGARH
▪ Since Punjab was divided into two parts, the capital was left in Pakistan therefore
Punjab in India required new capital
▪ The first master plan for the new capital was assigned to American engineer and
planner Albert Mayer.
▪ He worked on the master plan with his closest assistant, Matthew Nowicki, until the
latter died in a plane crash in 1950. His duties were to take the form of architectural
control.
▪ Le Corbusier was approached by Punjab government and the prime minister of India
▪ Chandigarh is a bold experiment in modern civic design
▪ Maxwell fry, Jane drew and Pierre Jeanerette were also involved in the team of architects
▪ When le Corbusier assumed control of the Chandigarh project in 1951, however the
design of the city had already been devised by the New York firm of Mayer, whittles, and
glass who received a contract for the master plan of Chandigarh in 1950
▪ The birth of Chandigarh has not influenced only the north west region but the whole
country in the matters of architecture and urban planning.
Jawaharlal Nehru, decided to build a new city – Chandigarh
as a capital for the state Punjab after Lahore was lost to
Pakistan.
He had envisioned this city to mark India’s entry into the
modern world , would represent India’s clean break from
the colonial rule of the British.
INTRODUCTION
GEOGRAPHICAL LOCATION
▪ It was bound by two seasonal choes, or rivulets, the Patiala Rao and the Sukhna in the north-west and the south-east respectively.
▪ It extends in the northeast right up to the foothills of the shivaliks.
▪ The region experiences extremes in the climate. The temperature could rise to 45 degrees in summer and drop to freezing point in winter.
▪ The direction of the prevalent winds is southeast to the northwest in summer and northwest to the southeast in winter.
FACTS ABOUT CHANDIGARH
Union Territory: Chandigarh
Capital: Chandigarh
Language: Punjabi
Area: 114 km2 (Manimajra and Burail)
Elevation: 350 m
LOCATION
▪ A need for the capital
▪ Rehabilitating refugees
▪ A rich cultural legacy like Lahore
▪ A vision of the future
▪ A centre for governance
HISTORY BEHIND CHANDIGARH
JAWARLAL NEHRU SAID : “Let this be a new town, symbolic of freedom of India unfettered by the traditions of the past. An expression of
the nations faith in the future”
SITE SELECTION
• Mountainous region
• Central location
• Natural drainage
• Sufficient water supply
• Shivalik hills
• Moderate climate
✓ The site was the sub mountainous area of the
Ambala district about 150 miles north of New
Delhi.
✓ The area was a flat, gentle sloping plain of
agriculture land dotted with grooves of mango
trees , consisting of 59 villages
DERIVING THE NAME : ‘CHANDIGARH'
Chandigarh derives its name from the deity ‘ Chandi‘ ‐the goddess of power & ‘ garh‘ ‐the fort .
gave the city its name "Chandigarh ‐The City Beautiful".
▪ The gently sloping plains on which Chandigarh exist was in the past, when the Himalayas were young, a wide
lake ringed by a marsh.
▪ The fossil remains found at the site testify to a large variety of aquatic and amphibian life.
▪ Some 8000 yrs. ago Chandigarh was home to the Harappan's. Their stone implements, ornaments, and
copper arrow heads unearthed during the excavations in the 1950s and 1960s testify this.
HISTORY, NAME & SITE
When India became independent, it was found that there were native no
trained professionals on city planning. Political leaders hired American
architects- Matthew Nowicki, and Albert Mayer to plan the city.
The project was handed over to Le Corbusier in the year 1951 by Jawaharlal Nehru.
Le Corbusier led a team that consisted of a French architect Pierre Jeanerette,
Englishmen Maxwell Fry and Jane Drew and about twenty Indian architects and
developed a new project.
EVOLVING CHANDIGARH PLAN
ALBERT MAYER : THE MASTER PLAN
EVOLVING CHANDIGARH PLAN
▪ Mayer was the first one to get the Chandigarh project
▪ Matthew Nowicki was invited to join the staff assembled to plan Chandigarh. His duties were to take the form of architectural control.
▪ Mayer was thrilled with the prospect of planning a brand-new city, and he accepted the assignment although it offered him a modest fee of $30,000 for
the entire project. His brief was to prepare a master plan for a city of half a million people, showing the location of major roads and areas for residence,
business, industry, recreation and allied uses. He was also to prepare detailed building plans for the Capitol Complex, City Centre, and important
government facilities and architectural controls for other areas.
▪ Mayer stated that he was trying to create something “that really applies to what we have talked about much but which has been at best done in a
limited way in Radbubn, the greenbelt towns and baldwin hills.
▪ The basic aim, stated Mayer, was a beautiful city.
▪ The master plan which Albert Mayer produced for Chandigarh assumes a fan-shaped outline, spreading gently to fill the file the site between the two
river beds.
▪ The provincial govt. Buildings are located the upper edge of the city within a fork in one of the rivers, while the central business district occupies an area
near the centre. a curving network of main roads surrounds the residential superblocks, each of which contains a central area of parkland.
▪ Two larger parks may be seen stretching through the city.
▪ The flatness of the site allowed almost complete freedom in creating street layout and it is of interest to note that the overall pattern deliberately avoids
a geometric grid in favour of a loosely curving system.
▪ The death of Nowicki necessitated the selection of a new architect for Chandigarh.
▪ It was the minister of planning who suggested le-Corbusier and who also recommended the inclusion of Pierre Jeanerette whom he termed a’’ good
detail man.’’
MODULE 2 - Chandigarh - 2021.pdf
MASTER PLAN : LE CORBUSIER
▪ In 1951 it was given to le Corbusier
▪ Le Corbusier requested the assistance of his cousin Pierre Jeanerette.
▪ Jeanerette eventually agreed to live on the site as his representative and chief architect.
▪ Le Corbusier could then visit India twice a year for a month at a time (he came to the site 22 times). Thus, Jeanerette, together with Fry and Drew, as
senior architects working in India for a period of three years and assisted by a team of 20 idealistic young Indian architects, would detail the plan and
Le Corbusier could concentrate on major buildings.
▪ In Chandigarh, le Corbusier system of self supporting neighbourhood unit known as a sector has worked very well
▪ Sector which is introverted in character communicates only at 4 junctions with the adjoining neighbourhood units
▪ All the houses open up inside
▪ Grid planning is done
▪ Chandigarh planning was done in an manner that everything was easily clear about the routes and sectors
▪ 7 v’s road system is used
▪ The roads are classified as v1 ,v2 ,v3………V7
▪ Le- Corbusier was responsible for the general outlines of the master plan and the creation of the monumental buildings, while Pierre Jeanerette,
Maxwell Fry and Jane Drew were charged with the task of Developing the neighbourhood sectors with their schools, shopping bazaars, and the tracts of
government housing.
▪ In the program presented to the architects,13 categories of houses were specified , each corresponding to a level of government employment.
MASTER PLAN
MASTER PLAN : LE CORBUSIER
▪ Basic framework of the master plan and its components - the Capitol , City
Centre, university, industrial area, and a linear parkland - as conceived by
Mayer and Nowicki were retained by Le Corbusier.
▪ The restructured master plan almost covered the same site and the
neighbourhood unit was retained as the main module of the plan.
▪ The Super block was replaced by now what is called the Sector covering an
area of 91 hectares, approximately that of the three-block neighbourhood
unit planned by Mayer.
▪ The City Centre, the railway station and the industrial areas by and large
retained their original locations.
▪ However, the Capitol , though still sited at the prime location of the north-
eastern tip of the plan, was shifted slightly to the northwest.
Le Corbusier conceived the master plan of Chandigarh as analogous to human body:
Head (the Capitol Complex, Sector 1),
Heart (the City Centre Sector-17),
Lungs (the leisure valley, innumerable open spaces and sector greens),
Intellect (the cultural and educational institutions),
Circulatory system (the network of roads, the 7Vs) and
Viscera (the Industrial Area)
MASTER PLAN
CHANDIGARH :THE PRESENT SCENARIO
Each sector is
designated by number,
the capital complex
being number 1,with
the remaining sectors
numbered
consecutively
beginning at the north
corner of the city.
THE SECTOR
➢ In its first phase Chandigarh was
organized in 30sectors.
➢ The sector was conceived as an
autonomous unit including housing
as well as all service needed for
everyday life: schools, artisans,
shops, leisure.
THE SECTOR
▪ Equal care to housing all classes of society to seek new social groupings, new patterns of education and public welfare, and made more possible by
practical application of the scientific idea which through industrialism, gives us such benefits as piped water, electricity and cheap transport.
▪ Each sector is designated by number, the capital complex being number 1,with the remaining sectors numbered consecutively beginning at the north
corner of the city.
▪ At present there are 30 sectors in Chandigarh, of which 24 are residential.
▪ The sectors at the upper edge of the city are of abbreviated size.
▪ In all type of housing ,partly because of the glazing expense, partly to keep out sun.
▪ As the most economical and readily available material for building at Chandigarh was locally made brick, this became the material of construction.
▪ The flat roof was employed throughout in Chandigarh housing because of its usefulness as a sleeping area
▪ 70% of the building would be private in all the sectors.
▪ Residential lots ranging in dimensions from 75 sq. Yards to 5000 sq. yards.
▪ This is because the capitol complex is contained within the boundaries of sector 3 extended to its full dimensions.
THE SECTOR
The basic planning of the city is a sector:
✓ to accommodate 3,000 to 25,000 persons.
✓ 30 sectors in Chandigarh
✓ 24 are residential.
✓ The sectors surrounded by high speed roads
✓ bus stops every 400m.
✓ The main principle of the sector is that never a door will open on
the surrounding of fast vehicular road.
✓ The size of the sector is based on the concept of no pedestrian
need to walk for more than 10min .
THE SECTOR
•The primary module of city’s design is a Sector, a neighbourhood unit of size 800 meters x 1200 meters.
•Each SECTOR is a self-sufficient unit having shops, school, health centres and places of recreations and
worship.
•The population of a sector varies between 3000 and 20000 depending upon the sizes of plots and the
topography of the area.
View of typical Roads and Round-a-bouts in the city
NEIGHBOURHOOD PLAN
MODULE 2 - Chandigarh - 2021.pdf
HIERARCHY OF GREEN AREAS & BUILDING TYPOLOGIES
1.City Level Public Green Space with Artificial Water Body
2.Free- Flowing Green Space, connecting the entire site
3.Semi-Private Green Areas for neighbourhood pockets
4.Private Green Areas for Residential Units
The Basic Building
Typology is observed as
extremely Rectilinear with
similar proportions.
In both the developments
the smaller individual
Residential Units are
arranged around central
common Green Spaces,
although the shapes are
different.
The city landscape plan of the first phases,
showing the leisure valley & the swaths of
green spaces that also act as flood control
The growth of Chandigarh 1966-96, starting with sectors
1 & 2 in phase 1, & currently consisting of 86 sectors
THE SECTOR
▪ An integrated system of seven road types.
▪ Pathways for cyclists
▪ Roads intersected at right angles forming a grid.
▪ Hierarchy of movement.
ROAD SYSTEM
An integrated system of seven road types
V-1--Fast roads connecting Chandigarh to other towns
V-2-- major avenues of the city - arterial roads
V-3 --Fast vehicular roads - the corridors streets for vehicular traffic only
V-4 --Meandering shopping streets
V-5 --Sector circulation roads
V-6 --Access roads to houses
V-7 --footpaths and cycle tracks
Buses will ply only on V-1, V-2, V-3 and V-4 roads
V 4-7 with the roads within the sectors.
Corbusier’s conceptual sketch showing the v-road system
SECTOR -17: CITY CENTRE
▪ The city centre consists of different squares tied together by broad avenues.
▪ At the present time, when this centre is still devoid of any sort of vegetation, the unshaded open areas can be quite unpleasant.
▪ This sector-17 is virtually uninhabited, but it is enlivened during the daytime by the many shops, bazaars, restaurant, cafes, banks and department
stores.
▪ The urban circulation here is in sharp contrast to the ‘oriental’ bazaar streets, the narrow alleys full of noise and plunged in shadow.
▪ Of all the cities of India , only Chandigarh can claim to be an absolutely modern town , ”untouched by the tradition of the past,” as Jawaharlal Nehru so
aptly remarked .
▪ The execution of the buildings for the city centre was assigned to different architects. Pierre Jeanerette conscientiously supervised and organized the
schemes determined by le Corbusier.
▪ The plans can vary as required, but must respect a sufficiently large open surface along the facades as anti-glare protection.
CITY CENTRE
LEISURE VALLEY
A green sprawling space extending north-east to south-west along a seasonal river let gradient
and was conceived by Le Corbusier as the “lungs” of the city.
▪ This valley houses the series of fitness trails, amphitheatre and spaces for open-air
exhibition.
▪ Rock garden designed by Nek Chand in 1957 .
LEISURE VALLEY
THE CAPITOL COMPLEX
▪ The area of the greatest symbolic significance in
Chandigarh was the capitol complex , which in its final
form was based on the design of a grate cross axis
▪ The most important group of the buildings constituting
the capitol- right, the parliament, left, in the background,
the secretariat
▪ In the foreground, the pool of the palace of justice
▪ The artificial hills in the front of the secretariat have not
been created and laid out in accordance with Corbusier’s
conceptions
▪ Although the scene is harmonious in effect, there are still
missing the buildings that belong here ,such as , for
instance, the towers of shadows
1.Parliament
2.Secretariat
3.Governor’s Palace
4.High Court
5.Truncated Pyramid
6.Monument for the victims
7.Open Hand
CAPITOL COMPLEX
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
THE SECRETARIAT
FREE FACADE
RAMP ENCLOSURE
ROUGH CONCRETE
FINISH
SQUARE WINDOWS
PROJECTED PORTICOS
SMALL ENTRANCE
BIG ENTRANCE
THE HIGH COURT
It consists of an L-shaped block framed by a concrete that in the
shape of arches, and that somehow establishes an reference to the
covers of the havelis in Mughal architecture.
This space between the double cover offers a smooth
ventilation in the summer and protection during the rainy
season.
The building contains 8 high
courts and a supreme court .
Le Corbusier devised a set of
outdoor terraces, which now are
used as warehouses.
PARASOL ROOF FORMING
ARCHES
DOUBLE ROOF
GAP LEFT BETWEEN
TWO ROOFS
FULL HT. ENTRANCE
ROUGH CONCRETE
FINISHED RAMP
REAR VIEW
DOUBLE ROOF
APPROACHED THROUGH ROADS
COLORED MASSIVE
PILLARS
ARCHITECTURAL FEATURES
POSITIVE & NEGATIVE HIGHLIGHTS
POSITIVE HIGHLIGHTS
❖ First modern architecture of Indian city planning.
❖ Each sector satisfies the necessities of human needs.
❖ Separate roads for pedestrian, bicycle and heavy vehicles.
❖ Visually powerful.
❖ Open spaces in front of shopping centres.
❖ Buildings designed as triple storied shop cum flats.
❖ Shops on ground floor.
❖ Residence on upper floor
❖ Continuous verandah in front of the shop.
❖ Shop protected from rain and sun.
❖ As a covered walkway for the customers.
NEGATIVE HIGHLIGHTS
❖ City not planned according to Indian tradition and
culture.
❖ Roads being similar to each other creates confusion.
❖ Brutal concrete gives a rough look.
❖ City not planned for lower income people.
❖ Existence of slums around the city.
❖ Large open spaces in front of the city centre makes
people lost in those places.
MODULE 2 - Chandigarh - 2021.pdf

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MODULE 2 - Chandigarh - 2021.pdf

  • 2. INTRODUCTION TO CHANDIGARH ▪ Since Punjab was divided into two parts, the capital was left in Pakistan therefore Punjab in India required new capital ▪ The first master plan for the new capital was assigned to American engineer and planner Albert Mayer. ▪ He worked on the master plan with his closest assistant, Matthew Nowicki, until the latter died in a plane crash in 1950. His duties were to take the form of architectural control. ▪ Le Corbusier was approached by Punjab government and the prime minister of India ▪ Chandigarh is a bold experiment in modern civic design ▪ Maxwell fry, Jane drew and Pierre Jeanerette were also involved in the team of architects ▪ When le Corbusier assumed control of the Chandigarh project in 1951, however the design of the city had already been devised by the New York firm of Mayer, whittles, and glass who received a contract for the master plan of Chandigarh in 1950 ▪ The birth of Chandigarh has not influenced only the north west region but the whole country in the matters of architecture and urban planning. Jawaharlal Nehru, decided to build a new city – Chandigarh as a capital for the state Punjab after Lahore was lost to Pakistan. He had envisioned this city to mark India’s entry into the modern world , would represent India’s clean break from the colonial rule of the British. INTRODUCTION
  • 3. GEOGRAPHICAL LOCATION ▪ It was bound by two seasonal choes, or rivulets, the Patiala Rao and the Sukhna in the north-west and the south-east respectively. ▪ It extends in the northeast right up to the foothills of the shivaliks. ▪ The region experiences extremes in the climate. The temperature could rise to 45 degrees in summer and drop to freezing point in winter. ▪ The direction of the prevalent winds is southeast to the northwest in summer and northwest to the southeast in winter. FACTS ABOUT CHANDIGARH Union Territory: Chandigarh Capital: Chandigarh Language: Punjabi Area: 114 km2 (Manimajra and Burail) Elevation: 350 m LOCATION
  • 4. ▪ A need for the capital ▪ Rehabilitating refugees ▪ A rich cultural legacy like Lahore ▪ A vision of the future ▪ A centre for governance HISTORY BEHIND CHANDIGARH JAWARLAL NEHRU SAID : “Let this be a new town, symbolic of freedom of India unfettered by the traditions of the past. An expression of the nations faith in the future” SITE SELECTION • Mountainous region • Central location • Natural drainage • Sufficient water supply • Shivalik hills • Moderate climate ✓ The site was the sub mountainous area of the Ambala district about 150 miles north of New Delhi. ✓ The area was a flat, gentle sloping plain of agriculture land dotted with grooves of mango trees , consisting of 59 villages DERIVING THE NAME : ‘CHANDIGARH' Chandigarh derives its name from the deity ‘ Chandi‘ ‐the goddess of power & ‘ garh‘ ‐the fort . gave the city its name "Chandigarh ‐The City Beautiful". ▪ The gently sloping plains on which Chandigarh exist was in the past, when the Himalayas were young, a wide lake ringed by a marsh. ▪ The fossil remains found at the site testify to a large variety of aquatic and amphibian life. ▪ Some 8000 yrs. ago Chandigarh was home to the Harappan's. Their stone implements, ornaments, and copper arrow heads unearthed during the excavations in the 1950s and 1960s testify this. HISTORY, NAME & SITE
  • 5. When India became independent, it was found that there were native no trained professionals on city planning. Political leaders hired American architects- Matthew Nowicki, and Albert Mayer to plan the city. The project was handed over to Le Corbusier in the year 1951 by Jawaharlal Nehru. Le Corbusier led a team that consisted of a French architect Pierre Jeanerette, Englishmen Maxwell Fry and Jane Drew and about twenty Indian architects and developed a new project. EVOLVING CHANDIGARH PLAN
  • 6. ALBERT MAYER : THE MASTER PLAN EVOLVING CHANDIGARH PLAN ▪ Mayer was the first one to get the Chandigarh project ▪ Matthew Nowicki was invited to join the staff assembled to plan Chandigarh. His duties were to take the form of architectural control. ▪ Mayer was thrilled with the prospect of planning a brand-new city, and he accepted the assignment although it offered him a modest fee of $30,000 for the entire project. His brief was to prepare a master plan for a city of half a million people, showing the location of major roads and areas for residence, business, industry, recreation and allied uses. He was also to prepare detailed building plans for the Capitol Complex, City Centre, and important government facilities and architectural controls for other areas. ▪ Mayer stated that he was trying to create something “that really applies to what we have talked about much but which has been at best done in a limited way in Radbubn, the greenbelt towns and baldwin hills. ▪ The basic aim, stated Mayer, was a beautiful city. ▪ The master plan which Albert Mayer produced for Chandigarh assumes a fan-shaped outline, spreading gently to fill the file the site between the two river beds. ▪ The provincial govt. Buildings are located the upper edge of the city within a fork in one of the rivers, while the central business district occupies an area near the centre. a curving network of main roads surrounds the residential superblocks, each of which contains a central area of parkland. ▪ Two larger parks may be seen stretching through the city. ▪ The flatness of the site allowed almost complete freedom in creating street layout and it is of interest to note that the overall pattern deliberately avoids a geometric grid in favour of a loosely curving system. ▪ The death of Nowicki necessitated the selection of a new architect for Chandigarh. ▪ It was the minister of planning who suggested le-Corbusier and who also recommended the inclusion of Pierre Jeanerette whom he termed a’’ good detail man.’’
  • 8. MASTER PLAN : LE CORBUSIER ▪ In 1951 it was given to le Corbusier ▪ Le Corbusier requested the assistance of his cousin Pierre Jeanerette. ▪ Jeanerette eventually agreed to live on the site as his representative and chief architect. ▪ Le Corbusier could then visit India twice a year for a month at a time (he came to the site 22 times). Thus, Jeanerette, together with Fry and Drew, as senior architects working in India for a period of three years and assisted by a team of 20 idealistic young Indian architects, would detail the plan and Le Corbusier could concentrate on major buildings. ▪ In Chandigarh, le Corbusier system of self supporting neighbourhood unit known as a sector has worked very well ▪ Sector which is introverted in character communicates only at 4 junctions with the adjoining neighbourhood units ▪ All the houses open up inside ▪ Grid planning is done ▪ Chandigarh planning was done in an manner that everything was easily clear about the routes and sectors ▪ 7 v’s road system is used ▪ The roads are classified as v1 ,v2 ,v3………V7 ▪ Le- Corbusier was responsible for the general outlines of the master plan and the creation of the monumental buildings, while Pierre Jeanerette, Maxwell Fry and Jane Drew were charged with the task of Developing the neighbourhood sectors with their schools, shopping bazaars, and the tracts of government housing. ▪ In the program presented to the architects,13 categories of houses were specified , each corresponding to a level of government employment. MASTER PLAN
  • 9. MASTER PLAN : LE CORBUSIER ▪ Basic framework of the master plan and its components - the Capitol , City Centre, university, industrial area, and a linear parkland - as conceived by Mayer and Nowicki were retained by Le Corbusier. ▪ The restructured master plan almost covered the same site and the neighbourhood unit was retained as the main module of the plan. ▪ The Super block was replaced by now what is called the Sector covering an area of 91 hectares, approximately that of the three-block neighbourhood unit planned by Mayer. ▪ The City Centre, the railway station and the industrial areas by and large retained their original locations. ▪ However, the Capitol , though still sited at the prime location of the north- eastern tip of the plan, was shifted slightly to the northwest. Le Corbusier conceived the master plan of Chandigarh as analogous to human body: Head (the Capitol Complex, Sector 1), Heart (the City Centre Sector-17), Lungs (the leisure valley, innumerable open spaces and sector greens), Intellect (the cultural and educational institutions), Circulatory system (the network of roads, the 7Vs) and Viscera (the Industrial Area) MASTER PLAN
  • 10. CHANDIGARH :THE PRESENT SCENARIO Each sector is designated by number, the capital complex being number 1,with the remaining sectors numbered consecutively beginning at the north corner of the city.
  • 11. THE SECTOR ➢ In its first phase Chandigarh was organized in 30sectors. ➢ The sector was conceived as an autonomous unit including housing as well as all service needed for everyday life: schools, artisans, shops, leisure.
  • 12. THE SECTOR ▪ Equal care to housing all classes of society to seek new social groupings, new patterns of education and public welfare, and made more possible by practical application of the scientific idea which through industrialism, gives us such benefits as piped water, electricity and cheap transport. ▪ Each sector is designated by number, the capital complex being number 1,with the remaining sectors numbered consecutively beginning at the north corner of the city. ▪ At present there are 30 sectors in Chandigarh, of which 24 are residential. ▪ The sectors at the upper edge of the city are of abbreviated size. ▪ In all type of housing ,partly because of the glazing expense, partly to keep out sun. ▪ As the most economical and readily available material for building at Chandigarh was locally made brick, this became the material of construction. ▪ The flat roof was employed throughout in Chandigarh housing because of its usefulness as a sleeping area ▪ 70% of the building would be private in all the sectors. ▪ Residential lots ranging in dimensions from 75 sq. Yards to 5000 sq. yards. ▪ This is because the capitol complex is contained within the boundaries of sector 3 extended to its full dimensions. THE SECTOR
  • 13. The basic planning of the city is a sector: ✓ to accommodate 3,000 to 25,000 persons. ✓ 30 sectors in Chandigarh ✓ 24 are residential. ✓ The sectors surrounded by high speed roads ✓ bus stops every 400m. ✓ The main principle of the sector is that never a door will open on the surrounding of fast vehicular road. ✓ The size of the sector is based on the concept of no pedestrian need to walk for more than 10min . THE SECTOR
  • 14. •The primary module of city’s design is a Sector, a neighbourhood unit of size 800 meters x 1200 meters. •Each SECTOR is a self-sufficient unit having shops, school, health centres and places of recreations and worship. •The population of a sector varies between 3000 and 20000 depending upon the sizes of plots and the topography of the area. View of typical Roads and Round-a-bouts in the city NEIGHBOURHOOD PLAN
  • 16. HIERARCHY OF GREEN AREAS & BUILDING TYPOLOGIES 1.City Level Public Green Space with Artificial Water Body 2.Free- Flowing Green Space, connecting the entire site 3.Semi-Private Green Areas for neighbourhood pockets 4.Private Green Areas for Residential Units The Basic Building Typology is observed as extremely Rectilinear with similar proportions. In both the developments the smaller individual Residential Units are arranged around central common Green Spaces, although the shapes are different.
  • 17. The city landscape plan of the first phases, showing the leisure valley & the swaths of green spaces that also act as flood control The growth of Chandigarh 1966-96, starting with sectors 1 & 2 in phase 1, & currently consisting of 86 sectors THE SECTOR
  • 18. ▪ An integrated system of seven road types. ▪ Pathways for cyclists ▪ Roads intersected at right angles forming a grid. ▪ Hierarchy of movement. ROAD SYSTEM An integrated system of seven road types V-1--Fast roads connecting Chandigarh to other towns V-2-- major avenues of the city - arterial roads V-3 --Fast vehicular roads - the corridors streets for vehicular traffic only V-4 --Meandering shopping streets V-5 --Sector circulation roads V-6 --Access roads to houses V-7 --footpaths and cycle tracks Buses will ply only on V-1, V-2, V-3 and V-4 roads V 4-7 with the roads within the sectors. Corbusier’s conceptual sketch showing the v-road system
  • 19. SECTOR -17: CITY CENTRE ▪ The city centre consists of different squares tied together by broad avenues. ▪ At the present time, when this centre is still devoid of any sort of vegetation, the unshaded open areas can be quite unpleasant. ▪ This sector-17 is virtually uninhabited, but it is enlivened during the daytime by the many shops, bazaars, restaurant, cafes, banks and department stores. ▪ The urban circulation here is in sharp contrast to the ‘oriental’ bazaar streets, the narrow alleys full of noise and plunged in shadow. ▪ Of all the cities of India , only Chandigarh can claim to be an absolutely modern town , ”untouched by the tradition of the past,” as Jawaharlal Nehru so aptly remarked . ▪ The execution of the buildings for the city centre was assigned to different architects. Pierre Jeanerette conscientiously supervised and organized the schemes determined by le Corbusier. ▪ The plans can vary as required, but must respect a sufficiently large open surface along the facades as anti-glare protection. CITY CENTRE
  • 20. LEISURE VALLEY A green sprawling space extending north-east to south-west along a seasonal river let gradient and was conceived by Le Corbusier as the “lungs” of the city. ▪ This valley houses the series of fitness trails, amphitheatre and spaces for open-air exhibition. ▪ Rock garden designed by Nek Chand in 1957 . LEISURE VALLEY
  • 21. THE CAPITOL COMPLEX ▪ The area of the greatest symbolic significance in Chandigarh was the capitol complex , which in its final form was based on the design of a grate cross axis ▪ The most important group of the buildings constituting the capitol- right, the parliament, left, in the background, the secretariat ▪ In the foreground, the pool of the palace of justice ▪ The artificial hills in the front of the secretariat have not been created and laid out in accordance with Corbusier’s conceptions ▪ Although the scene is harmonious in effect, there are still missing the buildings that belong here ,such as , for instance, the towers of shadows 1.Parliament 2.Secretariat 3.Governor’s Palace 4.High Court 5.Truncated Pyramid 6.Monument for the victims 7.Open Hand CAPITOL COMPLEX 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
  • 22. THE SECRETARIAT FREE FACADE RAMP ENCLOSURE ROUGH CONCRETE FINISH SQUARE WINDOWS PROJECTED PORTICOS SMALL ENTRANCE BIG ENTRANCE
  • 23. THE HIGH COURT It consists of an L-shaped block framed by a concrete that in the shape of arches, and that somehow establishes an reference to the covers of the havelis in Mughal architecture. This space between the double cover offers a smooth ventilation in the summer and protection during the rainy season. The building contains 8 high courts and a supreme court . Le Corbusier devised a set of outdoor terraces, which now are used as warehouses.
  • 24. PARASOL ROOF FORMING ARCHES DOUBLE ROOF GAP LEFT BETWEEN TWO ROOFS FULL HT. ENTRANCE ROUGH CONCRETE FINISHED RAMP REAR VIEW DOUBLE ROOF APPROACHED THROUGH ROADS COLORED MASSIVE PILLARS ARCHITECTURAL FEATURES
  • 25. POSITIVE & NEGATIVE HIGHLIGHTS POSITIVE HIGHLIGHTS ❖ First modern architecture of Indian city planning. ❖ Each sector satisfies the necessities of human needs. ❖ Separate roads for pedestrian, bicycle and heavy vehicles. ❖ Visually powerful. ❖ Open spaces in front of shopping centres. ❖ Buildings designed as triple storied shop cum flats. ❖ Shops on ground floor. ❖ Residence on upper floor ❖ Continuous verandah in front of the shop. ❖ Shop protected from rain and sun. ❖ As a covered walkway for the customers. NEGATIVE HIGHLIGHTS ❖ City not planned according to Indian tradition and culture. ❖ Roads being similar to each other creates confusion. ❖ Brutal concrete gives a rough look. ❖ City not planned for lower income people. ❖ Existence of slums around the city. ❖ Large open spaces in front of the city centre makes people lost in those places.