Kathrin Winkler from the Green Grid, in the Data Center Summit Latin America talks about Power Usage Effectiveness

1. Power Usage Effectiveness
(PUE) Status & Directions
Kathrin Winkler
Director, The Green Grid
VP, EMC Corporation

2. Copyright © 2010, The Green Grid
About The Green Grid
• A not-for-profit global consortium focused on driving
energy efficiency in the computing ecosystem
• Developing meaningful and user-centric metrics to
help IT and Facilities better manage their computing
resources
• Developing and promoting standards, measurement
methods, best practices and technologies that
support these metrics
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3. Copyright © 2010, The Green Grid
Why Create Metrics?
Awareness
• “If you can’t
measure it, you
can’t improve it”
• Finding the hot
spots
Benchmarking
• Continuous
improvement of
operations
• Comparing across
the industry
• Improvement
over time/
generation to
generation
• Validate claims
Consistency
• Common
Vocabulary
• Industry &
Government
Collaboration
• Better Efficiency
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4. Copyright © 2010, The Green Grid
Impact of IT Power Consumption
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Lighting power
consumption
1% - 2%
Server Power Consumption Impacts Power
throughout the Datacenter
Computer Room Air
Conditioner power
consumption
23% - 54%
Battery Backup power
consumption
6% - 13%
Server, network and storage
power consumption
38% - 63%

5. Copyright © 2010, The Green Grid
Data Center Power Efficiency Metrics:
PUE and DCiE
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PUE = Power Usage Effectiveness =
Total Facility Power
IT Equipment Power
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PUE
IT Equipment Power
Total Facility Power
=
Data Center
Infrastructure Efficiency
DCiE = =

6. Copyright © 2010, The Green Grid
PUE Refined
Total Facility Power or Energy
IT Equipment Power or Energy
PUE =
Point of
Measurement
Frequency of
Measurement
Duration of
Measurement
60Sources: The Green Grid Metrics: Data Center Infrastructure Efficiency (DCiE) Detailed Analysis (white paper #14)
Usage and Public Reporting Guidelines for The Green Grid's Infrastructure Metrics PUE/DCiE (white paper #22)
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7. Copyright © 2010, The Green Grid
PUE clarifications
• PUEs of < 1.0 and DCiEs of > 1.0 are *not* allowed
• These elements are always ≥ 0
– Power consumed by IT equipment
– Power lost in distribution
– Power consumed by cooling equipment
• PUE measures use within the data center, and does
not include
– Re-use of waste heat
– Distributed power generation
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8. Copyright © 2010, The Green Grid
PUE Nomenclature
Official PUE reports provide these information
with subscripts appended to the metric
x = Precision level of measurement (L1, L2, L3)
y = Timeframe and collection frequency:
PUEx,y DCiEx,y
or
D = Daily
W = Weekly
M = Monthly
Y = Yearly
C = Continuously
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9. Copyright © 2010, The Green Grid
Reporting Precision
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Level 1
(Basic)
Level 2
(Intermediate)
Level 3
(Advanced)
IT Equipment Power
Measurement From…
UPS PDU
Server, Storage
device, Router,
etc.
Total Facility Power
Measurement From…
Data Center
input power
Data Center
input less
shared HVAC
Data Center
input less
shared HVAC
plus building
lighting,
security, etc.
Minimum
Measurement Interval
Monthly/
Weekly
Daily Continuous

10. Copyright © 2010, The Green Grid
Example Reported Results
0.45 DCiEL1,--
Single DCiE measurement (0.45) taken using a Level 1 meter
placement
0.51 DCiEL1,YM
Yearly average DCiE (0.51), using data points gathered monthly
with a Level 1 meter placement
1.6 PUEL1,MW
Monthly average PUE (1.6) using data points gathered weekly with
a Level 1 meter placement
0.43DCiEL1,WD
Weekly average DCiE (0.43), using data points gathered daily with a
Level 1 meter placement
1.8 PUEL2,WC
Weekly average PUE using data points gathered continuously with
a Level 2 meter placement.
2.1 PUEL3,YC
Yearly average PUE (2.1) using continuous measurements with a
Level 3 meter placement.
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11. Copyright © 2010, The Green Grid
Classes of Measurement
ResultsClass Description Benefit to Reporting Organization
Unrecognized A publicly reported result with no
claims of following TGG’s guidelines.
TGG will not comment on unrecognized
results.
Reported A publicly reported result by the
reporting organization claiming they
followed TGG’s measurement
recommendations and nomenclature
guidelines. TGG will not comment on
Reported results.
Reporting organization can
use standard materials from
The Green Grid to explain
process and results to
audience.
Registered A publicly reported result, with key
report contextual data provided to TGG
by the reporting organization to TGG’s
data center performance database.
Official registration of
reported result. Receipt of a
registration number from TGG.
Link to public report data from
TGG’s website.
Certified A publicly reported result, with key
additional data required for third-party
validation or certification of results,
provided to TGG by the reporting
organization.
All benefits applicable to
registered results, plus,
consideration of reported
results in future TGG award or
recognition programs.
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12. Copyright © 2010, The Green Grid
Putting Metrics into Global Action
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• PUE Reporting Tool
• PUE Estimator Tool
• Power Configuration Efficiency Tool

13. Copyright © 2010, The Green Grid
PUE Scalability Metric
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14. Copyright © 2010, The Green Grid
Partial PUE Definition
• PUE = Total Facility Power divided by the
IT Equipment Power
• This takes into account power use within a
facility
• Partial PUE is for power use within a
boundary
• So:
pPUE = Total Power within a boundary divided
by the IT Equipment Power within that
boundary
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15. Copyright © 2010, The Green Grid
pPUE Example
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• PUE = 121/95 = 1.27
• pPUE of Container = 100/95 = 1.05
Chiller
Transformer
UPS
IT Equipment
30 tons
Cooling
5 kW
95 kW
15 kW
115 kW
6 kW
121 kW
100 kW
Container

16. Copyright © 2010, The Green Grid
Energy Reuse Factor
D
B+A
=PUE
D
F-B+A
=ERF
Both PUE & ERF valid metrics
Data Center
Boundary
Utility
UPS PDU
ICT
Cool
E
F
B
A
DC
Absorp
Chiller
H
G
I
rejected
Non-DC
space
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17. Copyright © 2010, The Green Grid
TGG Metrics
Total Facility Power
IT Equipment PowerPUE=
What % of facility power is
delivered to my IT
equipment?
How efficient is my facility in
delivering power to IT
equipment?
IT Equipment Power
Total Facility Power
DCiE=
How Much Work Can My IT
Equipment Do, In My Facility?
x 100%
Useful Work
Total Facility PowerDCP=

18. Copyright © 2010, The Green Grid18
Data Center Energy Productivity
• Data Center Energy Productivity (DCeP)
• First attempt to define useful work metric
• Very comprehensive, very accurate
• However, difficult to measure
• Some terms require user interpretation
– eg., Ui(t,T) is the utility (value) of a transaction
– Subjective, could be different for each organization

19. Copyright © 2010, The Green Grid
Alternative Proposal - Proxies
• Proxies indicate how much work is being
done without measuring work directly
 Should be highly correlated to useful work
 Should be easier, cheaper, faster to collect
• Proxies are often used where complex
measures would be impractical
 eg., EPA Miles Per Gallon,
marketing focus group,
Dow Jones Industrial Average,
or CNN Audience Reaction Meter
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20. Copyright © 2010, The Green Grid
Proxy Proposals
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1. DCeP-based Proxies
• Simplified DCeP
• Productivity Link
• Sample workload
2. Bits per kWH
3. CPU-based proxies
• SPECint_rate
• SPECpower
• CUPS
4. OS images per Watt

21. Copyright © 2010, The Green Grid
Proxy Shortcomings
In general, the proxy proposals:
• Aren’t meant for comparison between data centers
 Useful for tracking progress within a data center over time
 No guidelines for use and reporting, so wide variation
possible
• Don’t address all data center devices equally
 Proposals tend to be server-centric
 Storage, networking, telephony, appliances, co-processors,
etc
• Don’t consider the value of stored data
• Don’t account for interaction between devices
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22. Copyright © 2010, The Green Grid
Where to Next?
• Proxies
• Currently testing IT Productivity Proxies with the US
National Labs
• Using instrumented applications as a control
• Starting with the Intel Energy Checker SDK as a basis for
instrumenting applications within the Data Center Design
Guide effort
• Sharing results with other organizations globally
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23. Copyright © 2010, The Green Grid
Metric Harmonization
Efforts• Global Metric Harmonization
 Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry (METI)
 Green IT Promotional Council (GIPC)
 The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE)
 The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
 The European Union (EU)
 The Green Grid (TGG)
• US Industry Consensus Session
 Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
 Department of Energy (DOE)
 7x24 Exchange
 American Socienty of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-conditioning
Engineers (ASHRAE)
 Silicon Valley Leadership Group (SVLG)
 The Green Grid (TGG)
 Uptime Institute
 United States Green Building Council (USGBC)
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24. Copyright © 2010, The Green Grid
Possible New PUE Variations
• M&M WG has an approved AR to review
and identify if we will proceed with any
further possible variations of PUE
• PUE Estimated
• PUE Calculated
• Design PUE
• Design Day PUE
• Virtual PUE
• ….
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25. Copyright © 2010, The Green Grid
PUE Related Information
Material• Current White Papers:
1. Describing Data Center Power Efficiency
2. PUE and DCiE Efficiency Metrics
3. DCiE Detailed Analysis
4. PUE Scalability
5. Usage and Public Reporting Guidelines
• Future Possible White Papers:
1. DCiE Detailed Analysis II
2. Partial PUE
3. Energy Re-use Factor & Re-use Energy Ratio
4. Possible new variations of PUE
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26. Copyright © 2010, The Green Grid
For More Information
• www.thegreengrid.org
for whitepapers, training,
and content
• For membership, please contact us:
+1 503-619-0653 or
admin@lists.thegreengrid.org
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Thank you to our members for your
continued dedication and involvement in
ICT energy efficiency efforts!

27. Copyright © 2010, The Green Grid
Thank you!
For more information please go to
www.thegreengrid.org