Presented by
Dayanidhi Chaubey
BAC/M/AGRO/010 /2016-17
Department of Agronomy
Bihar Agricultural University, Sabour, Bhagalpur (Bihar) -813 210
Credit Seminar
on
“Doubling of Farmer’s Income by Farming System
Approach for Food Security & boosting Rural Economy”

Doubling of Farmers’ Income
“I wish to double the income of farmers by 2022 when
India will celebrate 75 years of its Independence”
Prime Minister
while addressing farmers rally
at Bareilly (Feb 28, 2016)
Budget 2016-17
“We are grateful to our farmers for being the backbone of the
country’s food security. We need to think beyond food security and
give back to our farmers a sense of income security. Government
will, therefore, reorient its interventions in the farm and non-farm
sectors to double the income of the farmers by 2022.”
Finance Minister Budget Speech, February 29,2016.

1. Doubling of Farmer’s Income
Introduction:
Vision 2022 of Govt. of India: Double farmers incomes by 2022
80 million hectares under agriculture is dependent on rains
263 million farmers and Agricultural Labour dependent on rains
86% are small and marginal farmers

What is to be doubled?
Income of farmers, not farm incomes only, not the output or the
income of the sector or the value added or GDP of agriculture sector.
i.e. Real Income not Nominal Income
Nominal income is the income expressed in money terms
and measured in current currency (rupee, dollar etc.)
Real income is income of individuals or nations after
adjusting for inflation.
RI = NI – Inflation

Major Challenges and issues in Agriculture in Bihar
 Occurrence of flood, drought and hail storm etc.
 Less use of rice fallow land.
 Delay sowing of wheat.
 High cost & less availability of hybrid seeds.
 Lack of short duration high yielding varieties.
 High cost of production.
 Low storage and processing facilities.
 Market fluctuation in cropping and off season.
 Imbalance & more use of chemical fertiliser and pesticide.
 Productivity of major crops is also low in comparison to national level.
 Low productivity in Tal and Diara area.
 Lack of marketing facility.

Timely and Authentic?
Localised and based on local needs?
?? ? Understandable?
Help me in weather based contingency situations?
Complete and doable?
Weather based local adaptation?
Is the knowledge useful for me to adapt?
Real situation of Farmer in India

“Due to Climate change, I was
facing lot of
problems. Everything has
changed;
climate shocks affect the crop
yield.
Farming has been passed from
generations and is still the only
source of
income but not the sustainable
one.
Ram Lal (farmer from Bihar)

Strategy for doubling the income of farmers in Bihar
A. By increasing productivity of crops
 Timely supply of good quality of sufficient seeds prior to season.
 By adapting GAP (Good Agricultural Practices)
 Timely availability of good quality of inputs
 Applying short duration high yielding varieties.
 By promoting Farm Mechanization
 Adaption of Integrated Nutrient Management
 Use of Integrated Pest Management
 By increasing irrigation facilities

Conti…..
B. By increasing cropping intensity
 According to land situation, irrigation and other facilities farm plan should be
prepared for Kharif, Rabi and Zaid for 03 years e.g.
I. Paddy - wheat/pulses/Maize
II. Maize – Wheat/Pulses/Maize
III. Maize – Wheat/Pulses/Maize - Mung
IV. Vegetable (cauliflower) - potato - onion – mung
V. Maize/Vegetable – Potato-Onion-Mung
VI. Paddy (short duration) - vegetable - onion - maize
VII. Paddy - vegetable - maize
 Short duration hybrid/HYV seeds to be used.
 Use of rice fallow land
 Rice- Makhana cropping System

Conti…..
C. Diversification of cropping system with high value crops
I. Cash crops- Sugarcane, Betel leaf and Vegetables etc.
II. Spices - Turmeric, Ginger, Dhania, Garlic, Ajwain and Saunf etc.
III. Mushroom Cultivation
IV. Rearing of honey bee
V. Medicinal Plant -
D. By Reducing cost of production
1) Subsidy on farm inputs
2) Provision of subsidy on HYV/ hybrid in light of market price.
3) Use of green manuring e.g. Dhaincha, Moong, Cowpea, Sunhemp etc.
4) Application of balance dose of fertilizer on the basis of soil testing.
5) Provision of subsidy on diesel.

7) Use of Renewable energy i.e. Solar energy, Bio gas etc.
8) Use of bio fertilizers e.g. Rhizobium, PSB, Azotobactor, Azolla, Blue green
Algae, Mycorrhiza
9) Subsidy on transport
10) Promotion of DSR/zero tillage technology.
11) Promotion of custom hiring system
12) Use of Organic fertilizers and Manures
E. Promotion of integrated farming system
 Synergise blending of crops/horticulture, dairy, fishery, and poultry to
provide regular income.
F. Protected cultivation of vegetables and flowers with Micro irrigation
G. Constitution of FPO to create market.
H. Effective procurement strategies to procure on MSP
I. Regular region wise weather forecasting.
J. Provision for practicing kitchen gardening for Urban households and
poor people.
K. Facilities of more warehouses and cold chain.
Conti…..

L. Agro forestry / alternate land use planning
M. Construction of water harvesting structures
N. Risk Management to cope with climate change
O. Makhana fish culture
P. Insurance against crop
Q. Paddy cum fish culture
R. Post harvest management to reduce crop losses
S. Required value addition and processing
T. Market linkages and reforms
Conti…..

Krishi Road Map 2017-2022 of Bihar
Launched on Nov. 9, 2017 in Patna.
Budget of Rs 1.54 lakh crore over a period
of five years.
Aim: Promoting organic farming -
development of an organic corridor and
providing input subsidy to farmers in advance.
To ensuring organic farming in 1.57 lakh acres
of land:
i. 2,000 acres in 2017-18,
ii. 2,5000 acres in 2018-19,
iii. 3,5000 acres in 2019-20,
iv. 4,5000 acres in 2020-21 and
v. 50,000 acres in 2021-22.
To provide regular and quality power to
farmers
Objective: Pratek bhartiye ke thali me Bihar ka
ek bayanjan.

Inferences
Supply of quality seeds, fertilisers, irrigation, crop intensity, high
value crops, technology, this will raise farmers income by 52% by
2022.
Better prises to farmers and shift of workers to non-agriculture at
the rate attained in past will add another 23%.
All factors sum up to 75%.
To reach the target of 100% increase, we need to accelerate our
efforts by 33%.
Sourse: Prof. Ramesh Chand, NITI Aayog.

Integrated farming system
The integrated farming system approach
introduces a change in the farming techniques for
maximum production in the cropping pattern and
takes care of optimal utilization of resources.
The farm wastes are better recycled for
productive purposes in the integrated system.
A judicious mix of agricultural enterprises like
dairy, poultry, piggery, fishery, sericulture etc.
suited to the given agro-climatic conditions and
socio-economic status of the farmers would bring
prosperity in the farming.
2. Farming System Approach

 It enables to identify the major constraints in increasing farm productivity.
 To understand the physical and socio- economic environment within which
agricultural production takes place.
 To gain an understanding of the farmer in terms of his/her skills,
constraints, preferences and aspirations.
 To comprehend and evaluate the performance of existing important
farming systems.

Other
resources
Soil
Water Energy
Farmers
family
Crop Livestock
Labour
Capital
Components of Farming System

Different component of Integrated Farming System
Crop production Dairy Poultry
Fishery Mushroom cultivation Agro-forestry

Contd....
Piggery Goatry
Vegetable & fruit
cultivation
Duckery
Bee keeping Biogas Plant

Role of Farming System
 Food security
 Provide balanced food
 Quality food basket
 High productivity and enhanced farm income
 Effective recycling of resources
 Minimizing environmental pollution
 Employment generation

1. Food security
 Food security refers to the availability of food and one's access to it.
 Integrated use and management of land, water and resources to maximize
income and employment.
 A household is considered food-secure when its occupants do not live
in hunger or fear of starvation.
 Economic and ecological access to food could be only ensured by adopting
farming system approach.

2. Provides Balanced Food
There is need of farming system which has several components like dairy,
poultry, goatry, fisheries etc. along with crop production.
In this way, farming system would not only meet the food demand but
also cater the need of protein, fat, vitamins and minerals required for good
health.
Incorporation of horticulture and agroforestry with cropping would
ensure seasonal access to fruits, fuel, fodder and fiber.

3. Quality food basket
 As the living status is improved, the
requirement of cereals will be
decreased and supplemented by
other items viz. milk, egg, meat,
fruit etc.
 Integration of allied enterprises with
cropping increases the nutritive
value of the products.

4. Higher productivity and enhanced farm income
 Integration of fish in rice system
decreased rice grain yield due to the
presence of fish trenches occupying
10% of the rice area; however,
additional income increases.
 The profit can be increased more
when fish, vegetables and livestock
are included in rice – rice farming
system.

5. Effective recycling of resources
 The effective recycling of farm resources is possible by
adoption of farming system research.
 Crop by-product is utilized as fodder for animals, and
animal by-product i.e. milk, and dung may be utilized for
increasing income and soil fertility, respectively.

6. Minimize environmental pollution
 In Punjab, Haryana, western Utter Pradesh and Bihar burning of rice
residue is common practice, which increased the concentration of green
house gases in atmosphere, in addition to huge amount of nutrient loss.
 Such situation could be avoided by introduction of some more enterprises
like animal husbandry on the farm.
 Rice straw may be used as animal feed.
 Since crop based agriculture is highly season specific and time bond, the
intensity of labour requirement increases during sowing and harvesting time
of crops.
 For rest of the time, farmers sit idle if they do not have off-farm activities.
This leisure time could be utilized effectively by adoption of farming system,
which keeps the whole family busy throughout the year.
7. Employment generation

3. Food Security & boosting Rural Economy
Food security means :
Availability,
Accessibility and
Affordability of food to all people at all times.

PDS (Public Distribution System scheme), RPDS (Revamped Public Distribution System), TPDS
(Targeted Public Distribution System), AAY (Antyodaya Anna Yojana), APS (Annapurna Scheme)
Source: Economic Survey of India

Table: Comparison of Economics of rice-poultry-fish-
mushroom system of Integrated Farming System
Component Integrated farming system
(0.40 ha)
Conventional cropping
system (0.40 ha)
Additional
net income
from IFS
over CCS
(Rs)Gross
income
(Rs)
Cost of
production
(Rs)
Net
income
(Rs)
Gross
income
(Rs)
Cost of
production
(Rs)
Net
income
(Rs)
Crop 19076 11398 7678 13536 7202 6334 1344
Poultry 2861 1944 917 - - - 917
Fisheries 3568 1486 2082 - - - 2082
mushroom 6156 5078 1078 - - - 1078
Total 31661 19906 11755 13536 7202 6334 5421
Tamil Nadu Rangasamy et al. 1996

Conclusion
By adaption of Good Agricultural Practices (GAP).
By implementation Of making farmers friendly policy along with precise use
of all the resources as well as inputs.
Awareness and positive thinking among the farmers.
Using conservation agriculture technology.