The document is an introduction to network centric warfare presented by D.A.Mohan, CEO of DAC Intl. It discusses how warfare has evolved from platform centric to network centric due to innovations in technology. Network centric warfare involves tightly integrating sensors, communication networks, command centers, and platforms to achieve situational awareness and synchronization between sensors and weapons. This allows for fast decision making and coordinated action. However, network centric warfare also faces challenges such as overreliance on technology, interoperability issues, and vulnerability to cyber attacks. Mitigation strategies include training, redundancy, and hardening against cyber threats.

1. WELCOME
An Introduction to
Network Centric Warfare
D.A.Mohan, CEO, DAC Intl
Formerly, Executive Director(Strategy), Bharat Electronics
Delivered at: The Bangalore Science Forum
19th August 2015

2. How Warfare has changed over time
Platform Centric Warfare
18 August 2015 D.A.Mohan CEO, DAC Intl 2

3. Platform Centric Warfare
18 August 2015 D.A.Mohan CEO, DAC Intl 3

4. Nuclear, Biological & Chemical Warfare
18 August 2015 D.A.Mohan CEO, DAC Intl 4

5. Electronic Warfare
Jammers, Direction Finders, Intelligence
gathering, ECM & ECCM, Cyber attack
18 August 2015 D.A.Mohan CEO, DAC Intl 5

6. Technology Innovations
Innovations in Technology accelerated after
1970
Innovations in Defence & Aerospace fueled
developments in Civilian sector and Vice
versa
18 August 2015 D.A.Mohan CEO, DAC Intl 6

7. Disruptive innovation
is changing our world
Innovation Disrupted Market
CD / DVD Cassette Tapes
Digital Photography Film Photography
Flat Panel TVs CRT TVs
Fixed Telephones Mobile Phones
Smart Phones, IPads Cameras, Laptops
Internet Altering the way mankind
thinks and interacts
18 August 2015 D.A.Mohan CEO, DAC Intl 7

8. Disruptive Tech in Military - Examples
Disruptive Technologies - Capabilities that were
not available and unimaginable In the past
decade
Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs)
Driverless Vehicles
Cyber technology
Wearable technologies
Internet of Things (IOT)
18 August 2015 D.A.Mohan CEO, DAC Intl 8

9. Dawn of this Century
Widespread adoption of the
INTERNET
led to arrival of
Network Centric Warfare
18 August 2015 D.A.Mohan CEO, DAC Intl 9

10. What is Network Centric Warfare?
Integration and interconnection (Networking)
of all different participants in the warfare
environment
Exchange Information
Create Situational awareness
Help fast & correct decision making
Quick action
18 August 2015 D.A.Mohan CEO, DAC Intl 10

11. New paradigm of Warfare
Collection of Data & Transmission,
Extraction of useful Information & Intelligence,
Dissemination, Decision Making &
Action using
Appropriate advanced weaponry & platforms
Feedback
18 August 2015 D.A.Mohan CEO, DAC Intl 11

12. The Command & Control Process
18 August 2015 D.A.Mohan CEO, DAC Intl 12

13. Core concept of NCW
Tight integration and Networking of:
Sensors
Failsafe Transverse Communication Media
Command & Control centers
Land, Air and Naval platforms & Tactical units
To Achieve
Situational Awareness in a highly mobile
environment
Perfect Synchronisation between sensors &
Shooters for effective response
18 August 2015 D.A.Mohan CEO, DAC Intl 13

14. NCW in Nature
Operating under simple rules, birds orient on
their immediate neighbours to form a V-shaped,
self-organized, cooperative adaptive system.
18 August 2015 D.A.Mohan CEO, DAC Intl 14

15. Layers of Network
18 August 2015 D.A.Mohan CEO, DAC Intl 15

16. Tactical Network
18 August 2015 D.A.Mohan CEO, DAC Intl 16

17. Airborne NCW
18 August 2015 D.A.Mohan CEO, DAC Intl 17

18. Signals Intelligence
18 August 2015 D.A.Mohan CEO, DAC Intl 18

19. Key Elements of Network Centric Warfare
Sensor Systems
18 August 2015 D.A.Mohan CEO, DAC Intl 19

20. Key Elements of Network Centric Warfare
Integrated Communications infrastructure
Point-to-point, Point-to-multipoint Radios
Powerful data routers
Mobile ad-hoc networking (MANET), Multi media
encryption
Combine HF/VHF/UHF/Microwave /SD Radio networks
with IP-based LAN and WAN networks, Fixed & mobile
Telephone networks , and Satellite
Backbone Network with auto rerouting to avoid
jammed pathways
18 August 2015 D.A.Mohan CEO, DAC Intl 20

21. Key Elements of Network Centric Warfare
The Radio
18 August 2015 D.A.Mohan CEO, DAC Intl 21

22. Important Network Elements- The Radio
Independent Voice & Data Communications
High Data Rates & Low Spectrum usage
Embedded GPS capability
Net capability- Multi hop & MANET (Mobile
Adhoc Net)
Operational range in all environmental
conditions
Electronic Protection Encryption & Anti Jam
Software Defined Radio - Good solution
18 August 2015 D.A.Mohan CEO, DAC Intl 22

23. Benefits of SDR in Tactical communications
Embedded routing mechanisms
Reconfiguration of the network in a fast and
automatic way; Seamless connectivity
Radio based positioning capability
(Triangulation) alternative to GPS
Electronic warfare functionalities
Security of communications)
Easy interoperability among different military
forces
Gradual replacement of legacy radios and
interoperability with them
18 August 2015 D.A.Mohan CEO, DAC Intl 23

24. Important Network Elements - Routers
18 August 2015 D.A.Mohan CEO, DAC Intl 24

25. Router-to-Radio connectivity
Radio
System
Next-generation
3200
Different rates depending on SNR/BER and
radio waveform of connection
(potentially many waveforms in same chassis)

26. Important Network Elements The Satellite
Satellite communications networks satisfy
military network centricity requirements
over entire hemispheric areas
High power X , Ku & Ka-band satellites are
ideally suited to ISR requirements. L-Band
and S-Band systems for small narrowband
terminals.
18 August 2015 D.A.Mohan CEO, DAC Intl 26

27. Satcom Terminals & Earth Stations
18 August 2015 D.A.Mohan CEO, DAC Intl 27

28. Role of Military Satellites
Static arena applications,
Ø High command, Strategic fixed network &
Territorial command posts
Deployed arena applications,
Ø Divisional command posts, Brigade command
posts and Special Forces
Maneuvering arena applications,
Ø Battalion command posts and Special Forces
18 August 2015 D.A.Mohan CEO, DAC Intl 28

29. Multi Sensor Data Fusion & Decision Support
Analyse & filter incoming data from multiple
sensors including human inputs (Voice, Video
streams, Raw data)
Combine filtered data
Further Analysis
Extract useful & actionable information
Present to decision makers Digital displays
Assist decision making process On line/off line
18 August 2015 D.A.Mohan CEO, DAC Intl 29

30. Technologies for Data Fusion
Very complex process, Handle Terra Bytes of data
Data Compression / Decompression
Sophisticated computer algorithms, Data bases, Data
base management, Data mining
Knowledge systems, Pattern identification,
Geographical Information Systems (GIS)
Very high performance computing, Computer
Networking, SENSOR interface technologies
Display technologies, Decision Support Systems, High
speed Communications, Overlay on GIS
Immunity from Cyber attacks
18 August 2015 D.A.Mohan CEO, DAC Intl 30

31. Command & Control Center
18 August 2015 D.A.Mohan CEO, DAC Intl 31

32. Indian Network Centric Programs
CIDSS Command Information & Decision
Support System
BSS Battlefield Surveillance System
AWAN Army Wide Area Network
ASCON- Army Strategic Communication Network
BMS- Battle Field Management System
TCS Tactical Communication System
NFS Network For Spectrum
ACCCS Artillery Command & Control System
AFNET Air Force Network
Navy Net Naval Network
18 August 2015 D.A.Mohan CEO, DAC Intl 32

33. 18 August 2015 D.A.Mohan CEO, DAC Intl 33

34. Battle Field Surveillance System
GENERATOR
SURVEILLANCE CENTER
COMMUNICATION CONTROL
UNIT

35. NCW Drawbacks
Information and how it is processed and interpreted
in the minds of the combatants is just as important if
not more important than the information itself
NCW - Computer centric instead of Human centric
Heavy reliance on complex technology, particularly
infrastructure - primary centre of gravity for
opponents to exploit
Any disruption to networks could be catastrophic
GPS - Core asset for NCW to work - GPS jammers
can block GPS signals
Cyber attack susceptibility
18 August 2015 D.A.Mohan CEO, DAC Intl 35

36. Interoperability - Major challenge in
Network Centric Systems
Interoperability between:
Different types of Hardware & Software used
in various electronic systems
Equipment used by Infantry soldier, Tanks &
other Ground fighting vehicles
Gnd to Air, Air to Air, Air & Sea
communication
Ship to Ship, Ship to shore, Ship to Air
18 August 2015 D.A.Mohan CEO, DAC Intl 36

37. NCW Drawbacks Contd.
Massive quantities of video and imagery can
strain the ability of a network to supply the
right information, at the right place, at the right
time
18 August 2015 D.A.Mohan CEO, DAC Intl 37

38. NCW Drawbacks Contd.
Enemy could deliberately induce disturbances
designed to push the NCW system into chaos.
Overload sensor and shooter network grids with
multitude of small weapon systems like a swarm of
birds
18 August 2015 D.A.Mohan CEO, DAC Intl 38

39. Possible Mitigation
Intensive training at different levels
Built in redundancy against node failures
Fall back option in case of Network
degradation
Prevent information overload at different
operational levels esp. tactical level
Hardening against Cyber attacks, localizing
malware
18 August 2015 D.A.Mohan CEO, DAC Intl 39

40. Future of NCW
18 August 2015 D.A.Mohan CEO, DAC Intl 40

41. Acknowledgements
Publicly available information from following used
in parts of this presentation:
Bharat Electronics Ltd
General Dynamics Corp
Elbit
Cisco
Raytheon
Thales
Technical articles on NCW
18 August 2015 D.A.Mohan CEO, DAC Intl 41

42. Thanks To
Bangalore Science Forum
The National College, Basavanagudi, Bangalore
For the opportunity to make this
presentation
For any additional information contact:
D.A.Mohan, CEO, DAC Intl.,
Ph: +919845518619, +91-80-26720698,
mohanda@dacintl.com, www.dacintl.com
18 August 2015 D.A.Mohan CEO, DAC Intl 42