The premechanical period from 3000 B.C. to 1450 A.D. saw the development of early forms of communication like petroglyphs and alphabets, the creation of writing tools like pens and paper made from papyrus, and the establishment of early libraries and data centers to store written information on scrolls and some bound books. Key inventions included early numbering systems by Hindus and the abacus, one of the first calculators.