Slides related to the conference paper Autonomic and cognitive architectures for the Internet of Things, Claudio Savaglio and Giancarlo Fortino, IDCS2015. Slide author: Claudio Savaglio

1. Autonomic and Cognitive
Architectures for the
Internet of Things
Claudio Savaglioand Giancarlo Fortino
International Conference on Internet and Distributed Computing Systems- 3 Sept.2015

2. Savaglio, Claudio, and Giancarlo Fortino. "Autonomic and cognitive
architectures for the Internet of Things." International Conference on
Internet and Distributed Computing Systems. Springer, Cham, 2015.
@inproceedings{savaglio2015autonomic,
title={Autonomic and cognitive architectures for the Internet of
Things},
author={Savaglio, Claudio and Fortino, Giancarlo},
booktitle={International Conference on Internet and Distributed
Computing Systems},
pages={39--47},
year={2015},
organization={Springer}
}
AutonomicandCognitive
ArchitecturesfortheInternetof
Things
2
How to cite the manuscript related to these slides:

3. Outline
1) Introduction
2) Current trends
• Autonomic Computing
• Cognitive Networks
3) Autonomic and Cognitive Architectures
• Cascadas, Focale, Inox, and I-Core
4) Comparison
5) Conclusion
AutonomicandCognitiveArchitecturesfortheInternetofThings
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4. 1990: Internet is an academic platform, with more
users/administrators than operating machines
Meanwhile: Internet is a world-wide
commercial platform with increasing
features and requirements
2020: Internet interconnects 50
billions of devices structurally and
functionally heterogenous
1_Introduction [MF2010]
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AutonomicandCognitiveArchitecturesfortheInternetofThings
[MF2010] Mattern, F., Floerkemeier, C.: From the internet of computers to the internet
of things. In: From active data management to event-based systems and more.Springer (2010)

5. 2_Current Trends [L2013]
So far: tailor-made interventions and ad-hoc
patches (for security, multimedia, etc..)
Current trends: biological-inspired solutions to
realize complex, loosely coupled, decentralized,
dynamic systems as the Internet of Things
5/14Autonomic Computing Cognitive Networks
AutonomicandCognitiveArchitecturesfortheInternetofThings
[L2013]Liotta A., The cognitive NET is coming, Spectrum, IEEE, vol.50, no.8, pp.26-31, August 2013

6. 2_Autonomic Computing [KC2003]
• Autonomic Systems: manage themselves according to
high-level predetermined objectives (e.g. human
autonomic nervous system).
• Autonomic Element: autonomous, proactivite, and
goal-directed interactive system components.
• Autonomic distinctive features:
• Self-configuration;
• Self-optimization;
• Self-protection;
• Self-healing.
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AutonomicandCognitiveArchitecturesfortheInternetofThings
[KC2003]Kephart, J.O., Chess, D.M.: The vision of autonomic computing. Computer 36(1) (2003)

7. 2_Cognitive Networks [FM2009]
• Cognitive Networks: autonomously exploit the
information gained from the past experiences to
improve the overall network and user performance.
• Cognitive elements: entities with reasoning
capabilities, able to cooperate and to act selfishly,
exploiting the knowledge about itself, its
functionalities and its interfaces to the outside.
• Cognition Loop: (immagine)
• Observation,
• Planning,
• Decision,
• Actuation,
• Learning. 7/14
AutonomicandCognitiveArchitecturesfortheInternetofThings
[FM2009]Fortuna, C., Mohorcic, M.: Trends in the development of communication networks: Cognitive networks.

8. 3_Autonomic and Cognitive
Architectures
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AutonomicandCognitiveArchitecturesfortheInternetofThings
Autonomic and Cognitive principles inspired several
frameworks and architectures within the IoT context
• Cascadas
• Focale
• Inox
• I-Core

9. 3_Cascadas [MZ2006]
Component-wareforAutonomicSituation-awareCommunicationsandDynamicallyAdaptableServices
• General purpose autonomic framework for adaptive,
composite and situated communication intensive
services.
• Key Principles: situation awareness, semantic self
organization and component awareness.
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AutonomicandCognitiveArchitecturesfortheInternetofThings
Notifies context
changes
Message
Passing
mechanism
Contains planes,
desires, goals
Semantically
defines states
and transitions
[MZ2006]Manzalini, A., Zambonelli, F.: Towards autonomic and situation-aware communication
services: the cascadas vision. In: Distributed Intelligent Systems: Collective Intelligence and Its
Applications, 2006. IEEE Workshop on, IEEE 383–388

10. 3_Focale [SAL2006]
Foundation,Observation,Comparison,Action,andLearningEnvironment
• Autonomic network-oriented architecture that integrates
heterogeneous and distributed computing resources.
• Key principles: context awareness and semantic
adaptation allowed by three levels of non-static control
loops .
10/1
4
AutonomicandCognitiveArchitecturesfortheInternetofThings
Semantically
defines states
and transitions
Translates
vendor specific
data into a
vendor-neutral
form
Compares
current state
with the
desidered one
[SAL2006]Strassner, J., Agoulmine, N., Lehtihet, E.: Focale: A novel autonomic networking architecture. (2006)

11. 3_Inox [CG2011]
• Autonomic IoT-oriented platform to interconnect
smart objects, sensor networks and services from
traditional computers and unconventional devices.
• Key principles: entity virtualization and federation,
extended connectivity, scalability and adaptability.
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AutonomicandCognitiveArchitecturesfortheInternetofThings
D.O. / S.O
Virtualized Things
Computer
Virtual Machines
Autonomic Management Functions
Service API
Resource Access API
Hardware Layer
Hardware
Layer
Platform Layer
[CG2011]Clayman, S., Galis, A.: Inox: A managed service platform for inter-connected
smart objects. In: Proc. of the Workshop on IoT and Service Platforms, ACM (2011)

12. 3_I-Core [VG2013]
• Cognitive management framework for the creation of
an open plug-and-play environment within multiple
IoT application scenarios.
• Key principles: virtualization, composition, cognition
and proximity (degree of relatedness/usefulness with
predefined objectives).
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[VG2013]Vlacheas, P., Giaffreda, R., et al.: Enabling smart cities through a cognitive management
framework for the internet of things. Communications Magazine, IEEE 51(6) (2013)
Device
Application
Loose Coupling

13. 4_Comparison
Macrocriteria: [SKH2009], [TNGG2013], [FGRS2014]
• MC1-Architectural Approach -> high
level architectural choices
• MC2-Abstraction Level -> expedients to
overcome heterogenity
• MC3-Management Features ->
techniques to minimize the human
operator interventions
• MC4-Implementative Features ->
paradigms and the strategy to concretely
realize the frameworks
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[SKH2009] Strassner, J., Kim, S.S., Hong, J.W.K.: The design of an autonomic communication element to manage future internet services.
In: Management Enabling the Future Internet for Changing Business and New Computing Services. Springer (2009)
[TNGG2013] Tsagkaris, K., Nguengang, G., Galani, A., Grida Ben Yahia, et al.: A survey of autonomic networking architectures: towards a
unified management framework. International Journal of Network Management 23(6) (2013) 402–423
[FGRS2014]Fortino, G., Guerrieri, A., Russo, W., Savaglio, C.: Middlewares for smart objects and smart environments: Overview and
comparison. In: Internet of Things Based on Smart Objects. Springer (2014) 1–27

14. 4_Comparison
AutonomicandCognitiveArchitecturesfortheInternetofThings
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15. 5_Conclusions
• It has been shown:
• Motivations supporting biological-inspired
architectural solutions
• Notable Autonomic and Cognitive architectures for
the IoT
• Their comparison
• Next challange:
• Integrate «Intranet of Things»!
AutonomicandCognitiveArchitecturesfortheInternetofThings
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16. Savaglio, Claudio and Giancarlo Fortino. "Autonomic and cognitive
architectures for the Internet of Things." International Conference on
Internet and Distributed Computing Systems. Springer, Cham, 2015.
@inproceedings{savaglio2015autonomic,
title={Autonomic and cognitive architectures for the Internet of
Things},
author={Savaglio, Claudio and Fortino, Giancarlo},
booktitle={International Conference on Internet and Distributed
Computing Systems},
pages={39--47},
year={2015},
organization={Springer}
}
AutonomicandCognitive
ArchitecturesfortheInternetof
Things
16
How to cite the manuscript related to these slides:

17. Thanks for your attention!
Any questions?
AutonomicandCognitiveArchitecturesfortheInternetofThings
Contact: csavaglio@dimes.unical.it