1. PRONOUN
KATA GANTI

2. DEFINISI
• • Pronoun kata ganti
• • Pronoun digunakan untuk menggantikan noun
• • Hal ini dilakukan untuk mengurangi adanya pengulangan kata secara terus
menerus dalam sebuah kalimat

3. MENURUT FUNGSI DAN SIFATNYA, PRONOUN
DAPAT DIKATEGORIKAN SBB:
• : 1.Personal pronoun: kata ganti orang
• 2.Possessive pronoun: kata ganti kepemilikan
• 3.Reflexive pronoun: kata ganti refleksif
• 4.Indefinite pronoun: kata ganti tak tentu
• 5.Interrogative pronoun: kata ganti penanya
• 6.Relative pronoun: kata ganti penghubung
• 7.Demonstrative pronoun: kata ganti penunjuk
• 8.Reciprocal pronoun: kata ganti saling berhubungan

4. 1. PERSONAL PRONOUN
A. First person the speaker (orang yang berbicara)
Ex: I want to buy a book We have to go to school
B. Second person the person spoken to (orang yang diajak berbicara)
Ex: You are an engineer As students, you must study hard to pass the exam
C. Third person the person/thing being spoken of (orang/sesuatu yang sedang
dibicarakan)
Ex: He plays tennis every weekend They used to be famous people when they
were young

5. 2. POSSESSIVE PRONOUN
• Possessive Pronoun kata ganti yang menunjukkan kepemilikan yang asalnya
dari personal pronoun
• Possessive Pronoun dapat berfungsi sebagai adjective dan juga pronoun
Possessive Pronoun yang memiliki fungsi sebagai adjective adalah my, your, his,
her, its, our, their Ex: - The two storey house over there is my house - Where is your
English dictionary? - His car crashed into a tree last night

6. LANJUTAN…..
• Possessive Pronoun yang memiliki fungsi sebagai pronoun adalah mine, yours,
his, hers, its, ours, theirs
Ex: - The fried chicken you are eating is mine
- This is mine and that is yours
- Which one of these books is hers?

7. 3. REflEXIVE PRONOUN
• • Reflexive Pronoun kata ganti yang merupakan bentuk pantulan dari pronoun
itu sendiri
• • Yang masuk dalam reflexive pronoun adalah myself, yourself, himself,
herself, ourselves, themselves
• Ex: - I wrapped the gift myself
• - Can you do your homework by yourself?
• - There was nothing he could do but put the blame on himself

8. 4. INDENFINITE PRONOUN
• • Indefinite Pronoun kata ganti yang tidak tentu
• • Indefinite Pronoun dapat dikategorikan menjadi: indefinite person dan indefinite
quantity
• Indefinite person: Someone, somebody, something, everyone, everybody,
everything, anyone, anybody, anything, no one, nobody, nothing

9. LANJUTAN….
Example of Indefinite Person
• Someone had left a book at the park bench
• Somebody called my name, but I didn’t know who it was
• Did anything happen to you last night?
• Anyone can do what you do
• No one understood the lecture given by Professor Wood • I want nothing else but
your happiness

10. LANJUTAN….
• Indefinite quantity: One/ones, none, all, most, either, neither, each, another,
others, the other/s, any, some, few, both, less, least, many, several, plenty, much,
more, a lot of, lots of

11. EXAMPLE OF INDEFINITE QUANTITY
• • There were many bags at the boutique, but Mary chose the purple one
• • None of my friends went to Laura’s party last night
• • All of their belonging were ruined because of the earthquake
• • Neither of those dresses fit me
• • Can I have another piece of cake, please?
• • Only few can succeed in such a young age, like Mark Zuckerberg

12. 5. INTERROGATIVE PRONOUN
• Interrogative Pronoun kata ganti yang digunakan untuk mengajukan pertanyaan atau mengawali sebuah pertanyaan
• Yang termasuk dalam Interrogative Pronoun
• • What What is your occupation?
• • Which Which one of these shoes do you like most?
• • Where Where does Stella live?
• • When When will your cousin back from Medan?
• • Why Why didn’t you through away the rubbish?
• • Who Who took my car key?
• • Whom Is that the man whom your mother dislikes?
• • Whose Whose jacket is this?
• • How How do you say coffee in Japanese?

13. 6. RELATIVE PRONOUN
• Relative Pronoun kata ganti yang digunakan untuk mendahului kata pengganti dan menggabungkan dua buah
kalimat menjadi satu
• Yang termasuk dalam Relative Pronoun
• • Who (yang) untuk menerangkan orang sebagai subjek
• Kevin is an editor. He goes to work by bus
• Kevin is an editor who goes to work by bus
• • Which (yang) untuk menerangkan hewan, benda, dll This is a new pair of shoes. Sally gave it to me for a
birthday present
• This is a new pair of shoes which Sally gave it to me for a birthday present
• • That (yang) untuk menerangkan orang, benda,binatang, dll
• Dylan bought a house. It once belonged to a famous actress
• Dylan bought a house that once belonged to a famous actress

14. LANJUTAN…..
• Yang termasuk dalam Relative Pronoun
• • Whom (yang) untuk menerangkan orang sebagai objek
• I met a beautiful girl. My brother admires her
• I met a beautiful girl whom my brother admires
• • Whose (yang…nya) untuk menerangkan kepemilikan
• Samantha is my best friend. Her father owns a cafe
• Samantha is my best friend whose father owns a cafe
•

15. 7. DEMONSTRATIVE PRONOUN
• Demonstrative Pronoun kata ganti penunjuk yang berfungsi untuk
menunjukkan sesuatu Demonstrative pronoun: -Singular : this, that -Plural :
these, those
• Example of Demonstrative Pronoun
• • This is your hat
• • That tall building over there is my dad’s office
• • These magazine belong to them
• • Those people are waiting for the bus to come

16. 8. RECIPROCAL PRONOUN
• Reciprocal Pronoun kata ganti yang saling berhubungan yang berfungsi untuk
menyatakan hubungan timbal balik antara dua individu atau lebih
• Yang termasuk dalam Reciprocal Pronoun
• • Each other (saling) digunakan untuk dua orang There are two girls about to
cross the road, they are holding each other’s hand
• • One another (saling) digunakan untuk > 2 orang The boys in the junior softball
team are supporting one another to win the game