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CherylWoelk
InternationalCRE Summit 2015
Arlington,VA, USA
Language Education
• Language acquisition
• Linguistics
• Methodologies
• Assessments
• Language planning &
policy
• Multilingualism
• Translation
• Etc
Peace Education
• Conflict resolution skills
• Mediation & negotiation
• Trauma healing
• Restorative justice
• Nonviolence
• International
development
• Organizational change
• Etc
Language Education Peace Education
• Global issues
• Intercultural communication
• Coaching & facilitation skills
• Community & relationships
•Value-based teacher education
• Identity transformation
• Narratives & social discourse
• Etc
Language Education Peace Education
Mutual
Learning
As you listen to the descriptions of linguistic
human rights and what happens in the absence
of these rights….
 notice any local or global situations that
come to mind,
 use spaces on handout for notes if you wish.
Linguistic Human
Rights (LHR) =
Basic human
rights
•To be recognised as a member of
a language community
•To the use of one's own language
both in private and in public
•To the use of one's own name
•To associate with other members
of one's language community of
origin
Individual
Individual
•For their own language and
culture to be taught
•Access to cultural services
•An equitable presence of
their language in the media
•Attention in their own
language from government
and socio-economic relations
Collective
Collective
• “Linguicism”
•Accents, dialects
•World Englishes
•Access issues
•Social capital
•Monolingual schooling
•Monolingual social norms
+
-
•Language policies
•Colonial legacies
•Educational policies
•Globalized economies
•Endangered languages
•Identity loss
+
-
•Active oppression
•Language ladder inertia
•English-only movements
•Language conflicts / wars
•Struggle for voice
•Power dynamics on micro
and macro levels
+
-
•Gatekeeper to knowledge
•Structures privilege certain
languages
•Agency through language
•Nuances of privilege in
institutions, classrooms,
relationships and
surrounding society
+
-
Valuing
multilingual &
multicultural
voices
Applying peace
linguistics and
sociolinguistics
knowledge
Promoting
healthy
communication
skills in
multiple
languages
Leveraging use
of dominant
languages for
justice and
peacemaking
Bridging
language
communities
Gathering
peace wisdom
from various
linguistic &
cultural
heritages
“In the unique settings of our ESL classrooms...
we have seen the immense power of narrative
to illuminate issues of war and peace,
and to reveal and forge connections among stories and
peoples
even when it appears that the historic political and
religious barriers among them
are nearly insurmountable…
…the kinds of learning that go on in these unique sites,
where students from vastly different backgrounds learn to
understand each other,
can contribute to the field of peace and justice studies.”
(Morgan &Vandrick, 2009)
What aspects of linguistic human rights relate to
your context(s)?
 Analyze your educational setting in light of
individual and collective LHR.
 Consider both negative rights and positive
rights.
 Ask yourself if there is any evidence of
absence of linguistic rights.
 Choose one or more of the opportunities
peace education presents for addressing LHR
in your context.
 Design a lesson plan outline for a class, or
other specific plan suitable for your setting.
 Continue the conversation at:
www.language4peace.org
Ahearn, L. M. (2001). Language and agency. Annual Review of Anthropology, 30, 109–137.
Benrabah, M. (2013). Language conflict in Algeria: From colonialism to post-independence. Channel
View Publications. Retrieved from https://books.google.ca/books?id=yhB0mE6kK1kC
Christensen, L. (2011). Finding voice: Learning about language and power. Voices From the
Middle, 18(3), 9–17.
Dastgoshadeh, A., & Jalilzadeh, K. (2011). Language loss, identity, and English as an
international language. European Journal of Social Sciences, 21(4), 659–666.
Duarte, E. M., & Smith, S. (2000). Foundational perspectives in multicultural education. New
York, NY: Longman.
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Englishes, 26(1), 72–83. Retrieved from 10.1111/j.1467-971X.2007.00489.x
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Multicultural Perspectives, 9(1), 40–44. http://doi.org/10.1080/15210960701334094
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Education:Teachers College Columbia University. Retrieved from
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articles/fransisco_communicatepeacefully_13sept09.pdf
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Estudos Em LingüísticaTeórica E Aplicada, 30(2), 415–424. http://doi.org/10.1590/0102-
445089915180373104
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Language Education Policy Studies. Madison, WI: University ofWisconsin—Madison.
Retrieved from
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Socialism and Democracy, 17(1), 187–208.
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place of struggle. In A. Dingwaney & C. Maier (Eds.), Between languages and cultures:
Translation and cross-cultural texts (pp. 295–302). Pittsburgh, PA: University of Pittsburgh
Press.
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Retrieved from https://books.google.ca/books?id=5k3Vzst6yDgC
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languages for transformation. Jossey-Bass. Retrieved from
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nge+the+way+we+work&source=gbs_navlinks_s
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Educational Review, 84(1), 74.
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United States. Routledge. Retrieved from https://books.google.ca/books?id=O92_-jzsyckC
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multilingualism. University of Saskatchewan. Retrieved from
http://hdl.handle.net/10388/etd-06052004-172343
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education brings to the table. Peace & Change, 34(4), 510–532. Retrieved from
10.1111/j.1468-0130.2009.00598.x
Motha, S. (2014). Race, empire, and English language teaching: Creating responsible and ethical
anti-racist practice. Teachers College Press. Retrieved from
https://books.google.ca/books?id=dN0lAwAAQBAJ
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discrimination on language-minority children in Colombia and on the U.S.-Mexico border.
Childhood Education, 87(3), 147–153.
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Briar Patch, 40(2), 4.
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College Press. Retrieved from https://books.google.ca/books?id=xKVDAwAAQBAJ
Orelus, P.W. (2012). Facing with courage racial and linguistic discrimination: The narrative of an
ELL Caribbean immigrant living in the U.S. diaspora. Diaspora, Indigenous, and Minority
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Quezada, R., & Romo, J. J. (2004). Multiculturalism, peace education & social justice in teacher
education. Multicultural Education, 11(3), 2–11. Retrieved from
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=eft&AN=507903991&site=ehost-live&scope=site
Rauf, S., & Iqbal, H. M. (2008). Power of linguistic privilege: Critical discourse analysis of the
narratives of Pakistani immigrant students in American schools. Bulletin of Education &
Research, 30(2), 45–60. Retrieved from http://asianetpakistan.com/
Rennebohm-Franz, K. (1996).Toward a critical social consciousness in children: Multicultural
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Rosenberg, M., & Gandhi, A. (2003). Nonviolent communication: A language of life. Puddledancer
Press. Retrieved from https://books.google.ca/books?id=nY4tDDO93E8C
Skutnabb-Kangas, T. (2008). Language rights and bilingual education. In J. Cummins & N.
Hornberger (Eds.), Bilingual education: Encyclopedia of Language and Education. (2nd ed.,
Vol. 5, pp. 117–131). NewYork, NY: Springer.
Skutnabb-Kangas, T., Phillipson, R., & Rannut, M. (1995). Linguistic human rights: Overcoming
linguistic discrimination. BodThird PartyTitles. Retrieved from
https://books.google.ca/books?id=Jo3NobRqFUQC
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Retrieved from http://www.coe.int/t/dg4/linguistic/Source/StarkeyEN.pdf
Syrek, S. (2012). “Why am I talking?” Reflecting on language and privilege at Occupy Wall Street.
Critical Quarterly, 54(2), 72–75.
Thompson, C. E. (2003). Racial identity theory and peace education: Tools for the teacher in all of
us. Interchange, 34(4), 421–447. http://doi.org/10.1023/B:INCH.0000039026.88225.f7
UNESCO. (1996). Universal Declaration of Linguistic Rights. Retrieved June 14, 2015, from
http://www.unesco.org/most/lnngo11.htm
Vandrick, S. (2009). Interrogating privilege: Reflections of a second language educator. University
of Michigan Press. Retrieved from https://books.google.ca/books?id=_Pmf4hqmDlcC
Vandrick, S. (2015). No “knapsack of invisible privilege” for ESL university students. Journal of
Language, Identity & Education, 14(1), 54–59. http://doi.org/10.1080/15348458.2015.988574
Zamir, S. (2012).The masterpiece of peace education through bilingual childrens’ literature
written in Arabic and Hebrew. Journal of Peace Education, (June 2015), 1–11.
http://doi.org/10.1080/17400201.2012.691075
Zuidema, L. A. (2005). Myth education: Rationale and strategies for teaching against linguistic
prejudice. Journal of Adolescent & Adult Literacy, 48(8), 666–675.
CherylWoelk
language4peace@gmail.com
www.language4peace.org

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A Right to Our Voice: Linguistic Human Rights and Peace Education

  • 2. Language Education • Language acquisition • Linguistics • Methodologies • Assessments • Language planning & policy • Multilingualism • Translation • Etc Peace Education • Conflict resolution skills • Mediation & negotiation • Trauma healing • Restorative justice • Nonviolence • International development • Organizational change • Etc
  • 3. Language Education Peace Education • Global issues • Intercultural communication • Coaching & facilitation skills • Community & relationships •Value-based teacher education • Identity transformation • Narratives & social discourse • Etc
  • 4. Language Education Peace Education Mutual Learning
  • 5. As you listen to the descriptions of linguistic human rights and what happens in the absence of these rights….  notice any local or global situations that come to mind,  use spaces on handout for notes if you wish.
  • 6. Linguistic Human Rights (LHR) = Basic human rights
  • 7. •To be recognised as a member of a language community •To the use of one's own language both in private and in public •To the use of one's own name •To associate with other members of one's language community of origin Individual Individual
  • 8. •For their own language and culture to be taught •Access to cultural services •An equitable presence of their language in the media •Attention in their own language from government and socio-economic relations Collective Collective
  • 9. • “Linguicism” •Accents, dialects •World Englishes •Access issues •Social capital •Monolingual schooling •Monolingual social norms + -
  • 10. •Language policies •Colonial legacies •Educational policies •Globalized economies •Endangered languages •Identity loss + -
  • 11. •Active oppression •Language ladder inertia •English-only movements •Language conflicts / wars •Struggle for voice •Power dynamics on micro and macro levels + -
  • 12. •Gatekeeper to knowledge •Structures privilege certain languages •Agency through language •Nuances of privilege in institutions, classrooms, relationships and surrounding society + -
  • 13. Valuing multilingual & multicultural voices Applying peace linguistics and sociolinguistics knowledge Promoting healthy communication skills in multiple languages Leveraging use of dominant languages for justice and peacemaking Bridging language communities Gathering peace wisdom from various linguistic & cultural heritages
  • 14. “In the unique settings of our ESL classrooms... we have seen the immense power of narrative to illuminate issues of war and peace, and to reveal and forge connections among stories and peoples even when it appears that the historic political and religious barriers among them are nearly insurmountable… …the kinds of learning that go on in these unique sites, where students from vastly different backgrounds learn to understand each other, can contribute to the field of peace and justice studies.” (Morgan &Vandrick, 2009)
  • 15. What aspects of linguistic human rights relate to your context(s)?  Analyze your educational setting in light of individual and collective LHR.  Consider both negative rights and positive rights.  Ask yourself if there is any evidence of absence of linguistic rights.
  • 16.  Choose one or more of the opportunities peace education presents for addressing LHR in your context.  Design a lesson plan outline for a class, or other specific plan suitable for your setting.
  • 17.  Continue the conversation at: www.language4peace.org
  • 18. Ahearn, L. M. (2001). Language and agency. Annual Review of Anthropology, 30, 109–137. Benrabah, M. (2013). Language conflict in Algeria: From colonialism to post-independence. Channel View Publications. Retrieved from https://books.google.ca/books?id=yhB0mE6kK1kC Christensen, L. (2011). Finding voice: Learning about language and power. Voices From the Middle, 18(3), 9–17. Dastgoshadeh, A., & Jalilzadeh, K. (2011). Language loss, identity, and English as an international language. European Journal of Social Sciences, 21(4), 659–666. Duarte, E. M., & Smith, S. (2000). Foundational perspectives in multicultural education. New York, NY: Longman. Friedrich, P. (2007). English for peace:Toward a framework of Peace Sociolinguistics. World Englishes, 26(1), 72–83. Retrieved from 10.1111/j.1467-971X.2007.00489.x Gallagher-Geurtsen, T. (2007). Linguistic privilege: Why educators should be concerned. Multicultural Perspectives, 9(1), 40–44. http://doi.org/10.1080/15210960701334094 Gomes de Matos, F. (2008). Learning to communicate peacefully. Encylcopedia of Peace Education:Teachers College Columbia University. Retrieved from http://www.tc.columbia.edu/centers/epe/PDF articles/fransisco_communicatepeacefully_13sept09.pdf
  • 19. Gomes de Matos, F. (2014). Peace linguistics for language teachers. DELTA: Documentação de Estudos Em LingßísticaTeĂłrica E Aplicada, 30(2), 415–424. http://doi.org/10.1590/0102- 445089915180373104 Graveline, M. J. (1996). Circle as pedagogy: Aboriginal tradition enacted in a university classroom. Dalhousie University. Retrieved from http://www.collectionscanada.gc.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp05/NQ65806.pdf Harrison, K. M., &Tochon, F.V. (2013). Language education policy for peace. In F.V.Tochon (Ed.), Language Education Policy Studies. Madison, WI: University ofWisconsin—Madison. Retrieved from http://www.languageeducationpolicy.org/21stcenturyforces/lepforpeace.html Hartman, A. (2003). Language as oppression:The English-only movement in the united states. Socialism and Democracy, 17(1), 187–208. Hassanpour, A., Sheyholislami, J., & Skutnabb-Kangas, T. (2012). Introduction Kurdish: Linguicide, resistance and hope. International Journal of the Sociology of Language, (217), 1– 18. http://doi.org/10.1515/ijsl-2012-0047
  • 20. hooks, bell. (1995). “this is the oppressor’s language / yet I need it to talk to you”: Language, a place of struggle. In A. Dingwaney & C. Maier (Eds.), Between languages and cultures: Translation and cross-cultural texts (pp. 295–302). Pittsburgh, PA: University of Pittsburgh Press. Kadivar, S. (2007). Toward a new paradigm: Multicultural peace education. Walden University. Retrieved from https://books.google.ca/books?id=5k3Vzst6yDgC Kegan, R., & Lahey, L. L. (2001). How the way we talk can change the way we work: Seven languages for transformation. Jossey-Bass. Retrieved from http://books.google.com/books?id=D2VLIbdMIAAC&dq=how+the+way+we+talk+can+cha nge+the+way+we+work&source=gbs_navlinks_s Ladson-Billings, G. (2014). Culturally relevant pedagogy 2.0: A.k.a. the remix. Harvard Educational Review, 84(1), 74. Lippi-Green, R. (1997). English with an accent: Language, ideology, and discrimination in the United States. Routledge. Retrieved from https://books.google.ca/books?id=O92_-jzsyckC Miller, A. P. (2003). Language and power. Multicultural Perspectives. http://doi.org/10.1207/S15327892MCP0503_07
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Editor's Notes

  1. Training and 15 + years of experience in Language Education (learning & teaching), and Peace Education Seem to be different fields with different areas of expertise and knowledge, research and study
  2. But there’s a lot of overlap as well – and more the more I study and work in these fields In fact, I’m beginning to see each of these “fields” more like “frameworks” that can be applied in different educational settings Looking at the language aspect of any setting Looking at the peace aspect of any setting
  3. One issue I’ve noticed in my experience as a language instructor and peace educator, are issues of teacher resilience Resilience has a “slippery” definition – depending on the field. In general, the ability to withstand and cope with various stresses over time However, Menkhaus (2013) expands the definition to include “transformation” – the ability to transform situations and contexts rather than just suffer through them This relates to Rachel MacNair’s (2003) claim that resilience as not only important, but as one of the “psychological causes” for productive nonviolence. Peace education frameworks can help in nurturing and renewing the spirit of transformation and positive change
  4. Literature introduction Morgan & Vandrick looked at peacebuilding and language from the other angle -- that language instructors need to observe more about what’s going on in the language classroom because we can learn about peacebuilding from those experiences.