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The Road to War
Underlying Causes of World War Two
1. The Treaty of Versailles
Harsh terms intended to make
Germany powerless
• accept total blame for WW1
• reduced military
• reparations of $33 billion
• loss of territory
Territorial Disputes After WWI
Many German people were living in new countries such as Poland,
Czechoslovakia, and Austria.
Germany lost territory to several countries, leading to grievances.
2. Rise of Fascism
Fascism
A system of government in which:
• Nationalism is promoted
• Labour and industry are
regulated by a strong national
government
• All opposition is suppressed
Italian Fascism
The political ideology of fascism
originated with Benito Mussolini, who
became dictator of Italy in 1922
1922- “March on Rome”
Mussolini’s blackshirts
destroyed Italy’s
government
Benito Mussolini
• Called “Il Duce”
meaning “The Leader”
• Created a totalitarian
dictatorship by:
– banning opposing
political parties &
unions
– censoring
newspapers
– creating a secret
police force
Rise of Adolph Hitler
• 1923: Hitler, leader
of Nazi party,
conducts an armed
revolt in Munich
– the “Beer Hall
Putsch”
• Hitler thrown in
prison
• Wrote “Mein Kampf”
(my struggle) while
in prison
Rise of Fascism in Germany
• 1933 -Hitler is elected Chancellor of Germany, becoming “Fuhrer” (leader)
• organized opposition was violently suppressed by the “brownshirts”
• Hitler’s policy of “Lebensraum” (living room):
– take over German-speaking territories in neighbouring countries such
as Austria, Poland, Czechoslovakia
– defeat Soviet communism and expand German territory to the east into
the U.S.S.R., expelling non-German people
Anti-Semitism in Germany
Blamed Germany’s problems
on “scapegoats” such as
Jews, blacks, Gypsies,
homosexuals and the
mentally ill.
Nazi party policy very racist
and anti-Semitic
Widespread discrimination
against Jews in Germany
3. Failure of the League of Nations
Non-intervention is when
one does not involve
themselves with foreign
affairs.
Appeasement is the act of
giving into, or satisfying
ones demands.
• Canada and most other
countries followed a
policy of non-intervention
and appeasement
The League of Nations was
established in 1920 to
prevent war, but its decisions
were not legally binding
The Manchurian Crisis
• Sept. 1931: Japan
invaded Chinese
province of Manchuria
on the pretext that
China attacked
Japanese-owned South
Manchurian Railroad
Manchurian Crisis (con’t)
• China applied to the League of
Nations for help
• The League condemned Japan’s
actions, but there was little support
for economic sanctions due to Great
Depression
Limited Membership
•The United States
never joined the
League
•The Soviet Union
joined only in 1934,
and was expelled in
1939
•Germany and
Japan both
withdrew in 1933
Spanish Civil War
In 1936 a Spanish civil war breaks out between:
New Republic government led by communists
vs.
Fascists led by Francisco Franco
Response to Spanish Civil War
• “MacKenzie-Papineau Battalion” made up of Canadian supporters
of communism - over half of volunteers die
• Britain, France and Canada maintain official policy of non-
intervention
• Germany and Italy support the fascists with arms, equipment, and
money
Italian Invasion of Abyssinia
• Border clash between
Abyssinian troops (Africa) and
neighboring Italian Somaliland
• Mussolini launched full-scale
attack against Abyssinia
• League of Nations imposes
boycott against Italy, but little
world enthusiasm for
sanctions
• England and France took no
action against Italy, allowing
Italian ships through the Suez
canal
5. Formation of Axis Powers
In 1937 Germany and Italy
made a pact not to go to
war with each other, later
joined by Japan
They became known as the
“Axis Powers” during
World War Two
Hitler with Mussolini

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The Road to War Presentation (1).ppt

  • 1. The Road to War Underlying Causes of World War Two
  • 2. 1. The Treaty of Versailles Harsh terms intended to make Germany powerless • accept total blame for WW1 • reduced military • reparations of $33 billion • loss of territory
  • 3. Territorial Disputes After WWI Many German people were living in new countries such as Poland, Czechoslovakia, and Austria. Germany lost territory to several countries, leading to grievances.
  • 4. 2. Rise of Fascism Fascism A system of government in which: • Nationalism is promoted • Labour and industry are regulated by a strong national government • All opposition is suppressed
  • 5. Italian Fascism The political ideology of fascism originated with Benito Mussolini, who became dictator of Italy in 1922 1922- “March on Rome” Mussolini’s blackshirts destroyed Italy’s government
  • 6. Benito Mussolini • Called “Il Duce” meaning “The Leader” • Created a totalitarian dictatorship by: – banning opposing political parties & unions – censoring newspapers – creating a secret police force
  • 7. Rise of Adolph Hitler • 1923: Hitler, leader of Nazi party, conducts an armed revolt in Munich – the “Beer Hall Putsch” • Hitler thrown in prison • Wrote “Mein Kampf” (my struggle) while in prison
  • 8. Rise of Fascism in Germany • 1933 -Hitler is elected Chancellor of Germany, becoming “Fuhrer” (leader) • organized opposition was violently suppressed by the “brownshirts” • Hitler’s policy of “Lebensraum” (living room): – take over German-speaking territories in neighbouring countries such as Austria, Poland, Czechoslovakia – defeat Soviet communism and expand German territory to the east into the U.S.S.R., expelling non-German people
  • 9. Anti-Semitism in Germany Blamed Germany’s problems on “scapegoats” such as Jews, blacks, Gypsies, homosexuals and the mentally ill. Nazi party policy very racist and anti-Semitic Widespread discrimination against Jews in Germany
  • 10. 3. Failure of the League of Nations Non-intervention is when one does not involve themselves with foreign affairs. Appeasement is the act of giving into, or satisfying ones demands. • Canada and most other countries followed a policy of non-intervention and appeasement The League of Nations was established in 1920 to prevent war, but its decisions were not legally binding
  • 11. The Manchurian Crisis • Sept. 1931: Japan invaded Chinese province of Manchuria on the pretext that China attacked Japanese-owned South Manchurian Railroad
  • 12. Manchurian Crisis (con’t) • China applied to the League of Nations for help • The League condemned Japan’s actions, but there was little support for economic sanctions due to Great Depression
  • 13. Limited Membership •The United States never joined the League •The Soviet Union joined only in 1934, and was expelled in 1939 •Germany and Japan both withdrew in 1933
  • 14. Spanish Civil War In 1936 a Spanish civil war breaks out between: New Republic government led by communists vs. Fascists led by Francisco Franco
  • 15. Response to Spanish Civil War • “MacKenzie-Papineau Battalion” made up of Canadian supporters of communism - over half of volunteers die • Britain, France and Canada maintain official policy of non- intervention • Germany and Italy support the fascists with arms, equipment, and money
  • 16. Italian Invasion of Abyssinia • Border clash between Abyssinian troops (Africa) and neighboring Italian Somaliland • Mussolini launched full-scale attack against Abyssinia • League of Nations imposes boycott against Italy, but little world enthusiasm for sanctions • England and France took no action against Italy, allowing Italian ships through the Suez canal
  • 17. 5. Formation of Axis Powers In 1937 Germany and Italy made a pact not to go to war with each other, later joined by Japan They became known as the “Axis Powers” during World War Two Hitler with Mussolini