• Kenny thinks that he is real cool.
Kenny thinks that he is really
cool.

AdVeRbS
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• Adverbs are words that modify
a verb an adjective another adverb
• Adverbs can be single words, phrases or clauses.
Many adverbs end in –ly, but not all words ending
in –ly are adverbs.

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When you use an adverb, you modify or qualify the meaning
of a verb, an adjective, or another verb.
• Modify verb
• Ex: My best friend drives carefully.
• Modify adjective
• Ex: My best friend is a really good driver.
• Modify adverb
• Ex: My best friend drives very carefully.

Kinds of adverbs according to
meaning include:

Adverb of Time
tells us when something happened
or when someone did something. It
may also tell us the duration of the
action.
Examples:
yesterday now next year already
a few months ago soon last week today

Examples:
• I'm going to clean my
room tomorrow.
• Joseph attended the seminar
yesterday.
• Maribeth stayed in the library all
day.

Adverb of Place
tells us where something is done
or happens. These mainly modify
verbs.
Upstairs here there
everywhere backwards away
Abroad downhill overseas

Examples:
• John looked around but he couldn't see
the monkey.
• I searched everywhere I could think of.
• I'm going back to school.
• They built a house nearby.
• She took the child outside.

Adverb of Manner
tells us how something is done or
happens. These commonly end in -ly.
They are usually placed either after the
main verb or after the object.
Beautifully abruptly softly
Greedily happily quickly
Patiently well angrily

Examples:
• She spoke softly.
• James coughed loudly to attract her
attention.
• He plays the flute beautifully. (after the
direct object)
• He ate the chocolate cake greedily. (after
the direct object)

Adverb of Degree
tells us about the intensity or extent of something. Adverbs
of degree are usually placed before the adjective, adverb,
or verb that they modify, although there are some
exceptions.
Almost enough too quite
Extremelyfairly somewhat so
Greatly very just barely

Examples:
• He speaks too quickly for me to
understand.
• It is very hot outside.
• The movie was fairly interesting.
• The water was extremely cold.

Adverb of Frequency
tells us how many times or how often something
happens.
Always frequently seldom
Hardly often sometimes
Occasionally usually yearly

Examples:
• I occasionally buy things online.
• I always go to school early.
• I am not usually late for work.
• My mother calls us daily to make
sure we are fine.

Adverb of Affirmation or Negation
tells whether something is true or some
equivalent expression or negative statement,
judgment, or doctrine.
Examples:
Surely yes certainly Definitely
Indeed no never not

Examples:
• We will certainly help you.
• Have you finished the work?
No, I haven’t finished the work.
• I have never met him before.

Exercise: With your partner, choose the adverb that best fits the sentence.
1. The bus stopped the bus __________.
2. My grandmother smiles ___________.
3. It’s time to go __________.
4. After the party, confetti was strewn ________.
5. I’m going to my new school __________.
Now Tomorrow Abruptly
Everywhere Cheerfully

inflection and syntax

• Commonly adverbs are formed by adding –ly to adjectives. Some
examples are:
Adjectives Adverbs
Kind Kindly
Happy Happily
Beautiful beautifully
Loud Loudly
Sad Sadly
Beautiful Beautifully
Sweet Sweetly

Note:
• Some words that end in ly are not adverbs.
Some adjectives end in ly too. For Example:
1. Sam was feeling very lonely.
2. She was wearing a lovely dress.
3. It was a very lively party.

Differentiating adverbs and adjectives
• Examples:
• Her test results were good.
(adjective linked to results)
• She did well on her test.
(adverb modifying verb did)
Adverb Well Badly Really Surely
Adjective Good Bad Real Sure

• Regular adverbs
Fast Faster Fastest
Early Earlier Earliest
Rapidly More rapidly Most rapidly
Easily More easily Most easily
• Irregular adverbs
Badly Worse Worst
Far Farther Farthest
Well Better Best
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Adverbs modifying verbs can usually be moved around in a sentence
w/out changing the meaning.
• Before verb
Ex: The car immediately stopped.
• After verb
Ex: The car stopped immediately.
Adverbs that modify adjectives or other adverbs belong right in the front
of the words they modify.
• Before adjective
Ex: That’s an extremely dangerous corner for bicycle riders.
• Before adverb
Ex: The car turned the corner really quickly.

Exercise

Item 1
Farzana did poor on her algebra quiz. She
couldn’t concentrate well because her tablemate
was chomping noisily on a piece of gum.
A. poorly
B. good
C. noisy
D. No change is necessary.
Farzana did poor on her algebra quiz. She
A
couldn’t concentrate well because her tablemate
B
was chomping noisily on a piece of gum.
C
A. poorly
B. good
C. noisy
D. No change is necessary.
Farzana did poorly on her algebra quiz. She
A
couldn’t concentrate well because her tablemate
B
was chomping noisily on a piece of gum.
C
A. poorly
B. good
C. noisy
D. No change is necessary.

Item 2
Lawrence cheated on the chemistry test, but he is still
very happy with his A.
A. real
B. so
C. well
D. No change is necessary.
Lawrence cheated on the chemistry test, but he is still
very happy with his A.
A. real
B. so
C. well
D. No change is necessary.
Lawrence cheated on the chemistry test, but he is still
very happy with his A.
A. real
B. so
C. well
D. No change is necessary.

Item 3
The excruciating long school day put Wanda in
a bad mood. She was very tired and just
wanted to go home to relax.
A. excruciatingly
B. worser
C. real
D. No change is necessary.
The excruciating long school day put Wanda in
A
a bad mood. She was very tired and just
B C
wanted to go home to relax.
A. excruciatingly
B. worser
C. real
D. No change is necessary.
The excruciatingly long school day put Wanda in
A
a bad mood. She was very tired and just
B C
wanted to go home to relax.
A. excruciatingly
B. worser
C. real
D. No change is necessary.

Item 4
The horrifying news that Professor Anderson
was assigning another 10-page paper made his
students complain bitter about his very hard
requirements.
A. horrifyingly
B. bitterly
C. real demanding
D. No change is necessary.
The horrifying news that Professor Anderson
A
was assigning another 10-page paper made his
students complain bitter about his very hard
B C
requirements.
A. horrifyingly
B. bitterly
C. real demanding
D. No change is necessary.
The horrifying news that Professor Anderson
A
was assigning another 10-page paper made his
students complain bitterly about his very hard
B C
requirements.
A. horrifyingly
B. bitterly
C. real demanding
D. No change is necessary.

Item 5
The duck quacked loud, hoping that we would throw it
some of our French fries.
A. loudest
B. real loud
C. loudly
D. No change is necessary.
The duck quacked loud, hoping that we would throw it
some of our French fries.
A. loudest
B. real loud
C. loudly
D. No change is necessary.
The duck quacked loud, hoping that we would throw it
some of our French fries.
A. loudest
B. real loud
C. loudly
D. No change is necessary.

Item 6
Mr. Hodges says to quit gossiping about Veronica and
finish typing his report real quick.
A. very quick
B. real quickly
C. right now
D. No change is necessary.
Mr. Hodges says to quit gossiping about Veronica and
finish typing his report real quick.
A. very quick
B. real quickly
C. right now
D. No change is necessary.
Mr. Hodges says to quit gossiping about Veronica and
finish typing his report real quick.
A. very quick
B. real quickly
C. right now
D. No change is necessary.

Item 7
We roasted in the very hot sun, sweat pouring
profuse off our skin. Thoughts of iced tea and
lemonade plagued us mercilessly.
A. real hot
B. profusely
C. merciless
D. No change is necessary.
We roasted in the very hot sun, sweat pouring
A
profuse off our skin. Thoughts of iced tea and
B
lemonade plagued us mercilessly.
C
A. real hot
B. profusely
C. merciless
D. No change is necessary.
We roasted in the very hot sun, sweat pouring
A
profusely off our skin. Thoughts of iced tea and
B
lemonade plagued us mercilessly.
C
A. real hot
B. profusely
C. merciless
D. No change is necessary.

Item 8
We moved into the new apartment real easy.
Rebecca shamelessly flirted with some strong
neighbors who were happy to help with the
heavy boxes.
A. easily
B. shameless
C. happily
D. No change is necessary.
We moved into the new apartment real easy.
A
Rebecca shamelessly flirted with some strong
B
neighbors who were happy to help with the
C
heavy boxes.
A. easily
B. shameless
C. happily
D. No change is necessary.
We moved into the new apartment easily.
A
Rebecca shamelessly flirted with some strong
B
neighbors who were happy to help with the
C
heavy boxes.
A. easily
B. shameless
C. happily
D. No change is necessary.