2. California Needs 2.3 Million More College
Grads than We Are On Track to Educate
An effective and
equitable system
requires reaching the
California communities
most in need
3. Where the students are, and aren’t
Interactive online
map allows users to
analyze community
college participation
by zip code area.
http://californiacompetes.org/news_and_events/cccmap/
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4. The darker the zip code area, the more
people (per capita) enrolled
Lowest
Average
Highest
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6. The map uses a “Participation Index”
600 and above
500-600
400-500
300-400
Full-time equivalent (FTE)
enrollments for every
10,000 adults (age 18+)
living in each zip code area
Below 300
(Statewide average = 450)
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7. Click a dot to show information about the
college
Note: Some
college locations
do not have data.
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8. Special feature 1: Show other colleges
Click the “Contents” icon (upper left)
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10. Click on the words “College Locations” to choose to
show locations of additional types of colleges
(enrollment not included)
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11. Special Feature 2: Show by Need
Click on “Participation by College Attainment”
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12. Why? Because low enrollment in places already
saturated with college degrees isn’t worrisome. . .
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13. . . . Users can choose to show only the zip codes where few
adults already have college degrees (Equity Areas)
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14. Del Norte
Siskiyou
Modoc
Northern California
Shasta
Trinity
Analysis by
Region
Lassen
Humboldt
Tehama
Upper SacramentoPlumas
Mendocino
Valley Butte
Glenn
Colusa
Lake
Sonoma
Napa
Bay
Yuba
Sutter
Sierra
Nevada
Placer
Sacramento Tahoe
El Dorado
Yolo
Alpine
Sacramento Amador
Solano
Calaveras
Marin
Tuolumne
Contra Costa Joaquin
San
San Francisco
Alameda
Stanislaus Mariposa
Area
San Mateo
Merced
Santa Clara
Mono
Central Sierra
Madera
Fresno
Santa Cruz
San Benito
Monterey
Inyo
San Joaquin
Valley Tulare
Kings
Central Coast
San Luis Obispo
Inland Empire
Kern
San Bernardino
Santa Barbara
Los Angeles
Ventura
Los Angeles
Orange
Riverside
Orange
San Diego Imperial
San Diego
Imperial
15. Region
Adult (18+)
population
Adults with
degrees already
CCC Participation
Index
Orange
2,251,743
40%
579
Central Coast
1,482,985
33%
484
San Diego/Imperial
2,459,074
37%
474
Bay Area
5,704,138
46%
451
Los Angeles
7,360,646
33%
429
San Joaquin
2,748,768
21%
427
Sacramento/Tahoe
1,717,118
35%
423
Inland Empire
2,960,671
25%
361
California
27,657,571
34%
450
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16. Orange County
The second most educated region in the state
behind the Bay Area, Orange County has the highest
community college participation in the state.
Per-capita participation is 29% higher than the state
average.
Most of the region’s equity areas (where few people
already have degrees) have high participation.
Many areas where most adults already have
degrees also have high participation.
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17. San Diego/Imperial
This well-educated and growing region has aboveaverage community college participation.
All of Imperial County, just five percent of the
region’s population, is an equity area.
Most equity areas across the region tend to have
high participation.
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18. Los Angeles
Community college participation in Los Angeles is
5% below the state average, and 26% below Orange
County.
If L.A. had the same rate of participation as Orange
County, it would have 110,000 more students (FTE),
the equivalent of four more Santa Monica Colleges.
Among the many equity areas in L.A., higher
participation tends to exist in the southern parts of
the county (e.g. Long Beach and Norwalk).
People who live in Glendale have very high rates of
community college enrollment (a participation index
of more than 800 overall).
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19. Inland Empire
Riverside and San Bernardino Counties are among
the neediest in the state, but overall have the lowest
community college enrollment.
Participation is 14% below the state average, and
33% below Orange County.
The Inland Empire has virtually no zip code with the
highest category of participation, and has many
equity areas with very low participation.
If the region had the same participation as the San
Diego region, it would have 33,000 more students. If
it matched Orange County, it would gain 65,000.
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20. San Joaquin Valley
The region from Stockton to Bakersfield is the
neediest in the state but has low community college
enrollment, especially in the southern part of the
region (Bakersfield).
Like Los Angeles, its participation is 5% below the
state average and 26% below Orange County.
If the region had the same participation as the San
Diego region, it would have 13,000 more students
(FTE). If it matched Orange County it would gain
42,000.
Almost the whole region is made up of equity areas
where few adults have degrees. Merced has the
highest enrollment.
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21. Sacramento/Tahoe
The Sacramento region’s overall participation is 6%
below average, and 27% below Orange County.
Despite below-average participation overall, many of
the Sacramento region’s equity areas have relatively
high community college enrollment.
If the region had the same participation as Orange
County, it would have 27,000 more students (FTE).
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22. Bay Area
In this highly educated region, participation overall is
just above the state average.
The Bay Area has several wealthy communities with
high participation: Santa Rosa, Cupertino, Pleasant
Hill, Aptos.
There are equity areas with low participation in San
Leandro, Hayward, Richmond, San Jose and
elsewhere (including immediately adjacent to the
high-participation area of Pleasant Hill).
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23. Central Coast
This area from Monterey and Hollister south to
Ventura has the second-highest community college
participation of the state’s major regions.
Unlike most other regions, the zip codes where more
people already have degrees overall enroll more
students than do the equity areas. This
phenomenon is most pronounced in Santa Barbara
County.
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24. Is funding the explanation?
Taxpayer funding determines the number of classes
and enrollment slots a college offers.
Funding is determined largely by historical
enrollments.
But colleges can enroll any Californian, so who
enrolls depends only in part on the location and
funding of the colleges.
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27. Many factors beyond funding and location
influence who enrolls, including:
The programs and
courses offered
Class schedules
Preparation and
advising at area high
schools
Counseling by the
college
Admissions and
registration processes
Deadlines, waiting lists
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Reputation of the
college, the program,
the instructors
Parking, traffic, and
public transportation
Financial aid staffing
and approach
Athletics
Diversity, language
Friends’ & relatives’
experiences
29. Recommendations
California Competes Council:
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Mayor Bob Foster, Long Beach (Chair)
Aida Alvarez, former administrator, U.S. Small Business
Administration
Mayor Bill Bogaard, Pasadena
Kim Belshé, Executive Director, First 5 LA
Mark Cafferty, President and CEO, San Diego Regional Economic
Development Corporation
Mayor Cheryl Cox, Chula Vista
Elizabeth Hill, former California Legislative Analyst
Fritz Grupe, Founder, Grupe Company
Paul Hudson, former CEO, Broadway Bank
Steven Koblik, President, Huntington Library
Ken McNeely, President, AT&T California
Lenny Mendonca, Senior Partner, McKinsey & Company
Mike Roos, Founder and Chief Consultant, Mike Roos & Company
30. The state should:
Create financial incentives for community colleges to
enroll and successfully serve Californians living in
areas of need (low levels of college education and
other factors such as high poverty and
unemployment).
Collect and analyze data on enrollment by other
open-enrollment institutions including adult
education, for-profit and nonprofit colleges, and
UC/CSU extensions.
Support college-access efforts at high schools and
outreach programs in areas with apparent need but
low community college participation.
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31. Data Sources
2010-11 community college enrollment (credit and non-credit),* by
campus and zip code: California Community College Chancellor’s
Office
2010 population variables by zip code area (ZCTA): American
Community Survey, U.S. Census
Other college location, enrollment, and demographic information:
Integrated Postsecondary Education System, U.S. Department of
Education, National Center for Education Statistics.
*Cerritos College enrollment was imputed from prior-year enrollment data.
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32. Thanks
For data matching and analysis: Charles Hatcher,
Ph.D., and Informing Change.
For GIS mapping expertise: Remmert Dekker and
John Roach.
A number of people gave us comments on early
drafts that proved immensely helpful, including:
PolicyLink, Jeremy Lahoud, Pamela Burdman, Tessa
DeRoy, Hans Johnson, Tatiana Melguizo, Patrick
Murphy, Patrick Perry and Nancy Shulock.
California Competes takes full responsibility for the
final product.
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33. This work was made possible by support
from:
College Access Foundation of California
The Rosalinde and Arthur Gilbert Foundation
The James Irvine Foundation
The William and Flora Hewlett Foundation
Lumina Foundation
Evelyn & Walter Haas, Jr. Fund
California Competes is a fiscally-sponsored project of Community
Initiatives.
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Photo: Santa Ana College? ranchovisions.wordpress.com - 3008 × 1960 - by Jason Kehler
Acquire community college enrollment data by zip code for 2010-11. (Cerritos problem, adjust). Headcount and FTE.(Yes, Burbank is a “census place” near San Jose in addition to being a city in southern California)Match to census data on population, ethnicity, unemployment, poverty, and postsecondary degree attainment– by ZCTA.
Acquire community college enrollment data by zip code for 2010-11. (Cerritos problem, adjust). Headcount and FTE.(Yes, Burbank is a “census place” near San Jose in addition to being a city in southern California)Match to census data on population, ethnicity, unemployment, poverty, and postsecondary degree attainment– by ZCTA.Added college locations. Centers??Below 300 = very low (about the bottom 10% of the 18+ population)300-400 = low (about the next 25%400-500 = average (about the middle 33%; the average is 450 and median is 438)500-600 = high (68th to 89th percentile) -- 600 and above = very high (top 11%)
60% in 90210 already have degrees
This shows the bottom two groups: under 20% with at least an associate’s degree and 20-29%NOT shown are other three layers:30-39% (average is 35%)40-49%50% and upWeighted by population they aren't too terribly far from quintiles:23.00%24.49%18.85%14.88%18.79%I didn't try weighting by 18+ population
Who enrolls is affected by a colleges’ decisions about:ExampleCredentials to offerLiberal arts transfer, nursing, radiology, truck driving, culinary arts, and hundreds more.Courses to offerLogistics, literature, remedial math, statistics, ceramics, history, robotics, swimming, graphics arts, and thousands more.Seats availableDepends on the number of sections offered (which depends on faculty hiring and workloads) and class sizes.Class locationsMost classes are held at one of XXX campuses and centers. Course credits can also be earned online and through flexible independent study.Course schedulingMorning, afternoon, evening, weekend; the number of sessions per week; the clustering of related courses.OutreachHigh school presentations, advertising, social media, and other efforts to provide information about programs, support and financial aid to targeted populations.AdvisingHelp in figuring out which of the hundreds of possible pathways to start out on, and how to be successful.BureaucracyMethods of identifying options, enrolling in programs and courses, and getting financial aid, bus vouchers, parking, etc.RevenueIn addition to state appropriations (and local revenue bonds that finance facilities), colleges expand enrollment and services by enrolling full-pay out-of-state students, full-pay community services, and donationsResponsivenessA college’s reputation for finding ways to serve demonstrated community or student needs contributes to student interest in enrolling. From CCLC brainstorm:Schedule: start dates, time of courses (morning, afternoon, evening), and whether can take more than one course conveniently without having to go back and forth to the collegeParkingCost, financial aid, and knowledge about itRetraining – whether they see it as offeredProcess of signing up on the web siteDiversity – are people like me already enrolledLanguageAvailability of seat in the program they’re interested in, and being able to get through Existence of a waiting list can drive them awayTransfer rate, completion rateRelationship with a neighboring universityFriends, neighbors, relativesKnow they can get a jobAthleticsInternships
