Perovskite and its solar panels. Photovoltaics.

1. Perovskite Solar Cell
Name: Krishna Kumar Patel
Roll No: 196507
Date: 19 Sep 2019

2. Perovskite solar cells
Contents
What is perovskite?
Molecular structure
Properties
Fabrication
Challenges
Solar parks in India

3. CaTiO3
Cubic structure with general formulae of ABX3
Examples: PbTiO3, BiFeO3, CaSiO3, CH3NH3PbI3

4. A unit cell of CH3NH3PbI3

5. Properties of perovskite
• Photovoltaic (solar cells)
• Superconductivity
• Piezoelectricity
• Dielectricity
• Semiconductivity

6. Why perovskite as a solar cell absorber?
• Fabrication cost
• High open circuit voltage
• High carrier diffusion length
• High optical absorption coefficient
• Comparable efficiency to Si based solar cells
• Low temperature solution based fabrication method

8. Fabrication
• Solution processing method
a. One step spin coating
b. Two step spin coating
• Vapor deposition

9. Add video here

10. SEM top view images of PbI2 films (a) without solvent treatment, (b) with isopropanol treatment, (c) with
chlorobenzene treatment, (d) with ethanol treatment, and corresponding CH3NH3PbI3 films.
What if we do not solvent treat PbI3?

11. Fabrication finishing

12. Challenges with perovskite solar cells
• Toxicity
• Stability (durability)
CH3NH3PbI3(s) 4PbI2(s) + CH3NH3I(aq)
CH3NH3I(aq) 4CH3NH2(aq) + HI(aq)
4HI(aq)+ O2(g) 2I2(s) + 2H2O(l)
2HI(aq) 4H2(g) + I2(s)

13. Challenges with perovskite solar cells...
DMF is not compatible with
high volume manufacturing.

14. Challenges with perovskite solar cells...
DMF is not compatible with
high volume manufacturing.

15. Challenges with perovskite solar cells...
DMF is not compatible with
high volume manufacturing.

16. Groove at the grain
boundary hinders
charge conduction.

17. A Grain

18. Unreacted CH3NH3PbI3
crystals

19. Forming an elctrical
circuit

20. What is next?
• Increasing efficiency By understanding their material properties and
optimal cell Designs
• Increasing air and temperature stability
• Replacing toxic Pb with a greener element

21. Solar parks in India
Santanpur, Charanka Solar Park, Gujarat (1637 MW) Kamuthi Solar Power Project, Tamil Nadu (648MW)

22. Solar park Location Capacity (MW)
Dhirubhai Ambani Solar Park Pokhran, Rajsthan 40
Rewa Ultra Mega Solar Rewa district, Madhya Pradesh 750
Bhadla Solar Park Bhadla, Jodhpur district, Rajasthan 1515
Pavagada Solar Park Pavagada, Tumkur district,
Karnataka
1400
Dichpally Solar farm Dichpally, Nizamabad district ,
Telangana
143
India's solar installed capacity reached 30.071 GW as of 31 July 2019.
Telangana ranks second (3400 MW) when it comes to solar energy generation capacity in India, Karnataka being
the largest solar power producing state (5328 MW).

23. References
• Snaith, H.J., 2012. The perils of solar cell efficiency measurements. Nature
Photonics, 6(6), p.337.
• Niu, G., Guo, X. and Wang, L., 2015. Review of recent progress in chemical
stability of perovskite solar cells. Journal of Materials Chemistry A, 3(17),
pp.8970-8980.
• Snaith, H.J., 2018. The path to perovskite on silicon PV.
• Green, M.A. and Ho-Baillie, A., 2017. Perovskite solar cells: the birth of a new era
in photovoltaics. ACS Energy Letters, 2(4), pp.822-830.
• Ball, J.M., Lee, M.M., Hey, A. and Snaith, H.J., 2013. Low-temperature processed
meso-superstructured to thin-film perovskite solar cells. Energy & Environmental
Science, 6(6), pp.1739-1743.
• Wikipedia. Perovskite solar cells, solar cells, solar parks in India.
• YouTube videos on Si solar panels and perovskite solar panels.