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Homestead production systems:
enhanced productivity for food
security in South Bangladesh and
West Bengal, India
!   35% and 34% of the rural population fell below the national
rural poverty line in 2010 in Bangladesh and India,
respectively
!   80% and 59% of farming households in Bangladesh and WB
having access to less than 0.5 ha of productive land
!   Increase in food production in Ganges delta through
intensification for future food supply is crucial
!   HFS have been promoted for income and home consumption
across the countries, less attention has been given to these
systems in more challenged coastal deltaic regions
!   Much research has focused on field crops, but less on
homestead farming system.
Background with rationale
Objec'ves:	
  
The	
  major	
  objec'ves	
  of	
  the	
  study	
  were	
  to	
  compare	
  between	
  
southern	
  Bangladesh	
  and	
  West	
  Bengal	
  –	
  	
  
•  socio-­‐economy	
  	
  
•  homestead	
  farming	
  systems	
  (HFS)	
  	
  
•  HFS	
  contribu'on	
  to	
  household	
  income	
  &	
  consump'on	
  	
  
•  iden'fy	
  priority	
  research	
  needs	
  
Key research questions
1.  Does	
  Homestead	
  Farming	
  System	
  contribute	
  to	
  food	
  
security?	
  
2.  Is	
  there	
  any	
  links	
  between	
  increased	
  produc@on	
  and	
  
consump@on?	
  
3.  Are	
  there	
  any	
  differences	
  between	
  SWB	
  and	
  WB	
  in	
  
terms	
  of	
  HFS	
  and	
  associated	
  livelihoods	
  ?	
  
4.	
  	
  Can	
  these	
  systems	
  be	
  further	
  improved	
  sustainably?	
  
5.  What	
  are	
  the	
  development	
  challenges	
  for	
  such	
  	
  
	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  improvement?	
  
Study areas
Households surveyed
Country	
   Region	
   Water Salinity (ppt) 	
   Number of households (HH)	
  
	
  
Bangladesh 	
  
Polder 43	
   Low (00-05)	
   320	
  
Polder 30	
   Moderate (00-10)	
   338	
  
Polder 3 	
   High (05-25)	
   461	
  
 Total	
   1,119	
  
	
  
	
  
India	
  
Block Kakdwip 	
   Low (00-05)	
   120	
  
Block Namkhana	
   Moderate (00-10)	
   120	
  
Sandeshkhali I	
   Moderate (00-10)	
   120	
  
Sandeshkhali II	
   Moderate (00-10)	
   120	
  
Block Sagar	
   High (05-25)	
   240	
  
Total 	
   720	
  
Land ownership pattern
Total land (field +homestead) Homestead land
Ratio of homestead to field land
Major occupation (by income)
Bangladesh	
   West	
  Bengal	
  
Labor	
  
Agriculture	
  
Small	
  Business	
  
Betel	
  Cul'va'on	
  
Van/Rickshaw	
  puller	
  
Job	
  
Aquaculture	
  
Others	
  
Fisherman	
  
Teacher	
  
Carpenter	
  
Driver	
  
Masonry	
  
Self sufficiency in food with own products (HFS+Field)
<1
<1
Annual household income (median, US$) from off farm, field
crop, homestead aquaculture and homestead non-aquaculture
sources by region
Region	
   n	
   off	
  farm	
   Field	
  
Homestead	
  
Aqua	
  
Homestead	
  
Non-­‐Aqua	
  
Total	
  US$	
  
Polder-­‐3	
   456	
   730	
   420	
   78	
   174	
   1,136	
  
Polder-­‐30	
   336	
   533	
   365	
   69	
   249	
   1,050	
  
Polder-­‐43	
   314	
   640	
   344	
   58	
   139	
   1,028	
  
Bangladesh	
   1106	
   667	
   381	
   70	
   176	
   1,079	
  
Kakdwip	
   103	
   1000	
   556	
   307	
   11	
   1,796	
  
Namkhana	
   105	
   889	
   311	
   200	
   53	
   1,468	
  
Sagar	
   227	
   889	
   267	
   140	
   51	
   1,476	
  
Sandeshkhali-­‐1	
   109	
   1433	
   333	
   144	
   NA	
   1,753	
  
Sandeshkhali-­‐11	
   108	
   1452	
   344	
   326	
   111	
   1,794	
  
India	
   652	
   1103	
   333	
   180	
   44	
   1,622	
  
All	
   1758	
   800	
   357	
   116	
   93	
   1,304	
  
Homestead Total (aqua +non-aqua in $): BD 246, WB 224
3 meals per day
Homestead Farming Components
Homestead products
Production(Kg/HH)
0	
  
50	
  
100	
  
150	
  
200	
  
250	
  
Poultry	
  meat	
  
(kg)	
  
Poultry	
  egg	
  
(n)	
  
Fish	
  (kg)	
   Prawn	
  (Kg)	
   Dairy	
  milk	
  
(liter)	
  
Livestock	
  
Meat	
  (kg)	
  
Vegetables	
  
(Kg)	
  
Fruits	
  (Kg)	
  
Bangladesh	
   West	
  Bengal	
  
Correlation between production and consumption
-­‐0.2	
  
0	
  
0.2	
  
0.4	
  
0.6	
  
0.8	
  
1	
  
1.2	
  
Fruits	
   Poultry	
  egg	
   Fish	
   Vegetables	
   Poultry	
  meat	
   Dairy	
  milk	
  
Correla'on	
  score	
  (r)	
  
Bangladesh	
  
West	
  Bengal	
  
Major constraints & challenges for
improvement of aquaculturePercentage
0	
  
10	
  
20	
  
30	
  
40	
  
50	
  
60	
  
Bangladesh	
  
West	
  Bengal	
  
Major Constraints & challenges for
improvement of non-aquaculture
Percentage
0	
  
10	
  
20	
  
30	
  
40	
  
50	
  
60	
  
Bangladesh	
  
West	
  Bengal	
  
Productivity by different salinity
High Saline Moderate Saline Low Saline
Landarea(ha)
Key messages
!   Increasing awareness on the importance of HFS for food and nutritional security in
West Bengal
!   Focus more on creating aquaculture resources in Bangladesh (e.g. WISH Pond)
!   Women can get more involved if we can make technology gender responsive
!   Investment to develop production technologies with saline tolerant species is
needed in both countries
!   Participatory action research is being carried out in both the countries to increase
productivity of HFS and develop local level innovation for farming system
intensification
Homestead production systems: enhanced productivity for food security in South Bangladesh and West Bengal, India

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Homestead production systems: enhanced productivity for food security in South Bangladesh and West Bengal, India

  • 1.       Homestead production systems: enhanced productivity for food security in South Bangladesh and West Bengal, India
  • 2. !   35% and 34% of the rural population fell below the national rural poverty line in 2010 in Bangladesh and India, respectively !   80% and 59% of farming households in Bangladesh and WB having access to less than 0.5 ha of productive land !   Increase in food production in Ganges delta through intensification for future food supply is crucial !   HFS have been promoted for income and home consumption across the countries, less attention has been given to these systems in more challenged coastal deltaic regions !   Much research has focused on field crops, but less on homestead farming system. Background with rationale
  • 3. Objec'ves:   The  major  objec'ves  of  the  study  were  to  compare  between   southern  Bangladesh  and  West  Bengal  –     •  socio-­‐economy     •  homestead  farming  systems  (HFS)     •  HFS  contribu'on  to  household  income  &  consump'on     •  iden'fy  priority  research  needs  
  • 4. Key research questions 1.  Does  Homestead  Farming  System  contribute  to  food   security?   2.  Is  there  any  links  between  increased  produc@on  and   consump@on?   3.  Are  there  any  differences  between  SWB  and  WB  in   terms  of  HFS  and  associated  livelihoods  ?   4.    Can  these  systems  be  further  improved  sustainably?   5.  What  are  the  development  challenges  for  such                  improvement?  
  • 6. Households surveyed Country   Region   Water Salinity (ppt)   Number of households (HH)     Bangladesh   Polder 43   Low (00-05)   320   Polder 30   Moderate (00-10)   338   Polder 3   High (05-25)   461    Total   1,119       India   Block Kakdwip   Low (00-05)   120   Block Namkhana   Moderate (00-10)   120   Sandeshkhali I   Moderate (00-10)   120   Sandeshkhali II   Moderate (00-10)   120   Block Sagar   High (05-25)   240   Total   720  
  • 7. Land ownership pattern Total land (field +homestead) Homestead land Ratio of homestead to field land
  • 8. Major occupation (by income) Bangladesh   West  Bengal   Labor   Agriculture   Small  Business   Betel  Cul'va'on   Van/Rickshaw  puller   Job   Aquaculture   Others   Fisherman   Teacher   Carpenter   Driver   Masonry  
  • 9. Self sufficiency in food with own products (HFS+Field) <1 <1
  • 10. Annual household income (median, US$) from off farm, field crop, homestead aquaculture and homestead non-aquaculture sources by region Region   n   off  farm   Field   Homestead   Aqua   Homestead   Non-­‐Aqua   Total  US$   Polder-­‐3   456   730   420   78   174   1,136   Polder-­‐30   336   533   365   69   249   1,050   Polder-­‐43   314   640   344   58   139   1,028   Bangladesh   1106   667   381   70   176   1,079   Kakdwip   103   1000   556   307   11   1,796   Namkhana   105   889   311   200   53   1,468   Sagar   227   889   267   140   51   1,476   Sandeshkhali-­‐1   109   1433   333   144   NA   1,753   Sandeshkhali-­‐11   108   1452   344   326   111   1,794   India   652   1103   333   180   44   1,622   All   1758   800   357   116   93   1,304   Homestead Total (aqua +non-aqua in $): BD 246, WB 224
  • 11. 3 meals per day
  • 13. Homestead products Production(Kg/HH) 0   50   100   150   200   250   Poultry  meat   (kg)   Poultry  egg   (n)   Fish  (kg)   Prawn  (Kg)   Dairy  milk   (liter)   Livestock   Meat  (kg)   Vegetables   (Kg)   Fruits  (Kg)   Bangladesh   West  Bengal  
  • 14. Correlation between production and consumption -­‐0.2   0   0.2   0.4   0.6   0.8   1   1.2   Fruits   Poultry  egg   Fish   Vegetables   Poultry  meat   Dairy  milk   Correla'on  score  (r)   Bangladesh   West  Bengal  
  • 15. Major constraints & challenges for improvement of aquaculturePercentage 0   10   20   30   40   50   60   Bangladesh   West  Bengal  
  • 16. Major Constraints & challenges for improvement of non-aquaculture Percentage 0   10   20   30   40   50   60   Bangladesh   West  Bengal  
  • 17. Productivity by different salinity High Saline Moderate Saline Low Saline Landarea(ha)
  • 18. Key messages !   Increasing awareness on the importance of HFS for food and nutritional security in West Bengal !   Focus more on creating aquaculture resources in Bangladesh (e.g. WISH Pond) !   Women can get more involved if we can make technology gender responsive !   Investment to develop production technologies with saline tolerant species is needed in both countries !   Participatory action research is being carried out in both the countries to increase productivity of HFS and develop local level innovation for farming system intensification