West Africa Forest-Farm Interface Project (WAFFI): Enhancing smallholder food security, incomes and gender equity within West Africa’s forest-farm interface
Presented by Peter Cronkleton of the Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR) at the IFAD EU Workshop, 24–25 May 2018, in Abidjan, Cote d’Ivoire
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West Africa Forest-Farm Interface Project (WAFFI): Enhancing smallholder food security, incomes and gender equity within West Africa’s forest-farm interface
1. IFAD EU Workshop
24-25 May 2018
Abidjan, Cote D’Ivoire
West Africa Forest-Farm
Interface Project (WAFFI)
(Enhancing Smallholder Food Security, Incomes and Gender
Equity within West Africa’s Forest Farm Interface)
2. The WAFFI Project
Applied, multi-disciplinary research to
identify practices and policy
interventions to improve livelihoods
and food security
12 village sites across two landscapes
in southern Burkina Faso and northern
Ghana
Project Activities:
• Promote social learning to build local
capacity
• Improve understanding of multi-use
landscape management
• Exchange and dialogue for knowledge
sharing and scaling
3. The Forest Farm Interface
A mosaic landscape of integrated
management combining agricultural,
forest and livestock land uses.
• Spatial and temporal combination of
agricultural, forest, agroforestry and
pastoralism
• Recognition that forest and trees are not
segregated from agriculture in smallholder
systems
• Production adapted to local context to support
livelihoods and food security
Tree products offer crucial safety net function (food
and income)
Use and dependence on tree products vary by
gender (sophisticated tree-tenure arrangements)
Subjected to increased pressure and change
4. Promoting Social Learning at
the Village Level
Auto-appraisal tool: assessment of
local issues, needs and opportunities
Participatory Action Research (PAR):
problem solving focused on emerging
local topics:
• Fuelwood access and shortage
• Over exploitation of trees (conflict of use
for food, fuel and fodder)
• Negotiation to adapt resource access
• Restoration of community forests
• Management of pastoral zones
5. Socio-ecological characterization with
innovative methodologies
LDSF (Land degradation surveillance framework) Soil and vegetation health -
tree diversity and regeneration trends – erosion and carbon stocks
POLYSCAPE Wealth ranking and forest dependency - Participatory mapping:
livelihood interactions with forest-farm interface – policy maps - ecosystem
services analysis and trade-offs
Burkina
Faso
Ghana
6. Improved understanding the
multi-use landscape
management
Common issues from focus groups
• Tension around resource access and
restrictions near conservation units
• Lack on income options during dry season
drives youth migration
• “Conflict of use” issues related to
forest/tree resources generate negative
impacts for women
• Accommodation of transhumant herders
and agricultural communities is a key
management issue
7. Engagement and Dialogue for
Knowledge Sharing and Scaling
Iterative learning process focused on
problem solving
• Exchange meetings with village
participants and researchers to:
• Review progress and results
• Define agenda for discussion with policy
makers
• Multi-stakeholder knowledge sharing:
Collaboration involving villagers,
researchers, key policy makers and
local/regional authorities
• Facilitated dialogue to enhance interaction
• Focus on agenda emerging from
grassroots.
8. Next Steps for WAFFI
Finalize collaborative research:
• PAR processes to build local capacity
at village scale
• Polyscape analysis to understand
livelihood and ecosystem service
interaction
• Gendered Value Chain Analysis (GVCA)
Validate and disseminate lessons
learned
• Multi-stakeholder knowledge sharing
platform to define adaptive strategies
• South-South exchange between sites
(including farmers, researchers and
policy makers)
The approach taken by the ICRAF team through collaboration with INERA (BF) and FORIG (Ghana) was:
1. Biophysical assessment using the LDSF in both countries (360 observation points on land use, vegetation and soil health) covering farmland and forestland under different governance regimes.
2. Polyscape:
Wealth ranking to understand inter-village wealth variations and household survey on dependency on forest resources using tools from both Gender Action in Learning System and Forestry Poverty Toolkit.
Facilitation of participatory mapping sessions: we first looked at livelihood boundaries for villages that crudely align with forest and market access gradients replicated in Burkina Faso and Ghana. With separate gender groups we identified land use types using local classifications and degradation areas. We validated the digitized maps and the same groups then identified ecosystem services (ES) in these discrete land use packages for which they assigned them a value and their levels of provisions. Where ES were associated with trees, we identified the most important species for delivering access to these services and their respective availability.
We will now combine this spatially explicit information with
resource planning maps used by policy/decision makers to look at how livelihood interact with policy and to better understand synergies and trade-offs in forest governance or riparian protection.
Degradation analysis and soil carbon data will also be compared in relationship to the delivery of ES and their future trends. Implications on how livelihood strategies/needs align with policies will be elicited and discussed during multiple stakeholder platforms to formulate policy and practice recommendations that can increase income and reduce gender inequities.