1. Topic Three: The Diversity of Chinese Net Language
“The Internet is THE Community”: IWOM white paper Series
on Internet Word of Mouth (IWOM) Development in China
2008 Q3

2. The Diversity of
Chinese Net Language
Editorial Summary
The Chinese Internet population is now the largest
in the world with 253 million users and The
筒子 Mamba 山寨 Community is a major element of the Internet
FB 小福
555
稀饭
JMS
长草
败家
跟风
experience. The Community is redefining and
revolutionizing relationships that individuals have
氼 闪龙
JS 兽 with each other as well the relationships they have
圐圙 打酱油
818 with institutions such as companies.
本本 ωō
深
Yao
靐 到槑 ing
极品 嘦巭
砳
This white paper, “The Diversity of Chinese Net
Language,” is Topic 3 of our “The Internet is THE
宅男/宅
女 猪坚 强 很好很强大 3Q Community” series of reports. In this white paper,
I饭
O⑦哖 做人不要太CNN 绿衫 we provide an overview of the Internet Community’s
⑦ 冄⑦號 军 diverse and unique net language that is shaping
謽 兲嫑
到了 扣肉 跑 how netizens communicate both online and offline.
到 814
7 雷
rz
It is yet another demonstration of the power and
囧 VS
大神
impact of the Internet Community.
Ke/客
O The full “The Internet is THE Community” series of
reports can be downloaded here.
© 2008 CIC 2

3. DOES NET LANGUAGE MATTER?
The National Matriculation Test (NMT) is the test given once a year to all Chinese high school seniors to
determine which university they can attend. It is a high profile event that receives national attention. A couple
years ago, it was announced that “net language,” i.e. slang terms like Ding (顶), Jiong (囧), and Orz coming
from the Internet Community, would not be permitted to be used. The ban of net language on the NMT
demonstrates the impact of net language on the Chinese national consciousness and the Chinese language,
similar to discussion in France to ban the use of English terms in commercial and government
communications. The fact that such a distinct “language” exists on a national level without any other media
to promote it also proves the existence of a nationwide Internet Culture within the Internet Community.
Net Language VS NMT Composition
考纲规定，语文不考繁难字，作文要平时训练各种文
体，用生造的网络语言可能会被扣分。
According to the test guideline, complex-formed
characters should not appear in Chinese; all styles of
writing are needed for composition practice; use of
“net language” could be penalized.
甲方：不如考回古文算了
Objective: It might as well test for ancient Chinese
prose.
乙方：这是正本清源之举
Supportive: They are doing the right thing.
link link 丙方：别忽略“生造”二字
Neutral: Don’t use coined characters.
See CIC’s blog articles on a quick review of link
net language in China here.
For more information about the diversity of Chinese net language,
© 2008 CIC 3
please refer to CIC IWOM Watch Jun 1-15, 2008

4. A NET LANGUAGE PRIMER
In this paper we provide an introduction to Chinese net language. If you don’t read Chinese, you may miss
some of the meaning and power of the language. However, we will do our best to at least demonstrate how it
is used and examples of its impact by organizing discussions according to the sections listed below.
It is our sincere hope our guide will help you to not be “雷ed” (lei) or feel “囧” (jiong) or even be regarded as “槑”
(mei) when you are confronted with net language in the future ; P
Shai Ke, Shi Ke,
Ke Terms
Ke Terms Pai Ke, Zhui Ke
客一族
客一族
Category Terms
Category Terms Mars Characters
Mars Characters
行业网络语言
行业网络语言 火星文
火星文
I饭 (I-Fan), 长草 (Grow grass), The Diversity of 嚤媿洧嚤劦，莪莈洧
小福 (Xiaofu), K24 Chinese Net Language
Ancient
Ancient
Coined Terms
Coined Terms Characters
Characters
流行新语
流行新语 古文新解
古文新解
Letters and
Letters and
猪坚强 (Zhujianqiang)， Numbers 囧 (Jiong), 槑 (Mei)
Numbers
雷(Lei)， 霹雳 (Pili) 字母/数字类
字母/数字类
Orz, Org, 555, 246…
© 2008 CIC 4

5. Ke Terms
‘KE/客’: Different ‘ke’s for different personalities
Shai Ke 晒客 Shi Ke 试客
Bo Ke 播客 Pai Ke 拍客
Ke/客
Wei Ke 威客 Zhui Ke 追客
Ji Ke 极客 Shan Ke 闪客
Huan Ke 换客
© 2008 CIC 5

6. Ke Terms
‘SHAI KE’ (晒客): A netizen who shows via pictures and videos
- Netizens ‘shai’ brands, products, personal collections, decorations, pets,
and just about everything
Netizens voluntarily shai recent purchases
Sample Quote:
平民不败家之晒晒俺的化妆品.
I, a common consumer, just “shai” my
cosmetics. link
NIKE的一款婴儿鞋 看起来很喜欢人
Here is one of my Nike baby shoes, which
looks so cool. link
Netizens shai special edition McDonald’s cup
Sample Quote:
去麦当劳买杯子,这次,我选了蓝色.
I went to McDonald’s to buy this cup, and I
chose the blue one this time. link
有人收集了麦当劳的奥运杯么..
Has anyone bought this Olympic cup? link
For more information about the diversity of Chinese net language,
© 2008 CIC 6
please refer to CIC IWOM Watch Sep 16-30, 2007

7. Ke Terms
‘SHI KE’ (试客): A netizen who loves samples & freebies
- Shi Kes are professional samplers happy to participate and join
activities for free stuff
With the proliferation of sampling activities and
websites like itry and try2U , the Shi Ke (试客)
have emerged as professional samplers. They
试客 seek out opportunities to try anything and
everything and are quite willing to offer up
personal information in doing so. They also are
Trial Sites happy to write up reviews on sampling sites if
requested and even quot;shaiquot; the samples.
Share
Sample Quote:
Show 我收到唇膏了．．．刚到的． 是放在一个白色普通
的信封里寄过来的．好喜欢啊．．．很不错的样呢．
IWOM I just received the lipstick enclosed in a white
envelope. It was so nice. I really love the lipstick.
link
自己收集的几个试用装申请 有兰寇、莱茵、巴黎创
意美、DHC等等的哦!希望大家会喜欢哦
Here is some information about product trial and
application, including Lancôme, VOLES, CCB-
PSRIS and DHC. I hope everyone likes them.
link
Trial Products
For more information about the diversity of Chinese net language,
© 2008 CIC 7
please refer to CIC IWOM Watch Oct 16-31, 2007

8. Ke Terms
‘PAI KE’ (拍客): Netizen photo and video reporters
- Pai Kes seek out opportunities to capture images of cool or hot stuff
With the increasing popularity of photo and video
sharing sites, Pai Ke (拍客) are netizens who like
to take photos and videos with their mobile
phones and digital or video cameras. Some sites
like KU6, a video sharing site, have tapped into
Netizens submit this culture by encouraging “bounty hunter” type
ideas for tasks. Netizens can submit tasks such as
encouraging others to upload videos of animals in
reporting tasks
need. If the task is officially recognized by Ku6,
then those who submit relevant media are eligible
to receive reward points.
Ku6 officially recognizes certain tasks as
eligible to receive awards Sample Quote:
我要做拍客，支持！！！
I want to become a “Pai Ke”. I support it!! link
按照指定的赏金任务完成作品，原创作的呕
Netizens who submitted original idea also Create your own work according to the appointed
receive award task. link
我拍了好多热门的发不上去。参加不了赏金任务。希望
加我进去.
I’ve taken a lot of cool videos but I can’t upload them.
Please give me access. link
For more information about the diversity of Chinese net language,
© 2008 CIC 8
please refer to CIC IWOM Watch Dec 1-15, 2007

9. Ke Terms
MORE KE’S: ‘Bo Ke’, ‘Huan Ke’, ‘Ji Ke’, ‘Shan Ke’, ‘Zhui
Ke’, ‘Wei Ke’
1 2 3
link link
link
‘Bo Ke (Podcaster)’ refers to ‘Huan Ke’ refers to netizens who ‘Ji Ke (Geek)’ refers to netizens
netizens who upload user generated barter for goods online. that are knowledgeable and a fan of a
content. particular field.
4 5 6
link link link
‘ Shan Ke’ refers to netizens ‘Zhui Ke’ refers to netizens who are ‘Wei Ke (Witkey)’ refers to
who use the multimedia software up-to-date on all the latest hot online netizens who receive payment for
Flash to create animation, videos trends such as online novels and sharing knowledge and exchanging
etc. online TV series. services and information.
© 2008 CIC 9

10. Mars Characters
MARS LANGUAGE: The mark of the 90’s generation
Mars characters are composed with a combination of symbols, pictographs, rare and traditional characters.
It is a “language” especially popular with the 90’s generation. Netizens have created dedicated sites,
manuals and even software for Mars language. Below is a letter composed completely in Mars characters.
Mars Sites Personal Letter Written with Mars
link
Mars Manual
link
Mars Software
link link
Dear Jing:
Sample Quote: I didn’t make a draft of this letter before writing to
看来现在的小孩子越来越厉害喽，时代在发展呢！ you, but I will make an exception this time. Without
you, my life resembles a piece of paper filled with
It seems that today's children are becoming smarter black and white letters. I am missing the time we
and smarter. The world is developing quickly! link spent together laughing and hanging out at home.
Although you haven’t answered my letter, it’s ok.
© 2008 CIC 10

11. Ancient Characters
“囧 (Jiong),” one of the oldest Chinese characters, now
leads a new wave of net culture
“Jiong Everyday” displayed on An ancient Chinese character, “囧 (jiong),” has
Youku (a hot video sharing site) attracted a large amount of attention within the
reaches 1,000,000 PV: link Internet community. The original meaning of this
classical hieroglyphic Chinese character was
“bright,” however, the new “net language”
Video definition of the term is “sad, frustrated,” because
it resembles this expression on a human face.
The character’s design ignited netizens’ passion
and inspired them to use the character creatively
Over 500 Jiong BBS were
in different social applications. For example,
born overnight - Baidu “Jiong people created Jiong expression icons (see left),
Village” is one of them: link BBS bloggers used it in their blog names (see Jiong
Pig) and some netizens even built an official
website for Jiong. (check out 囧.WS).
A Milk Tea Shop named
itself “囧” and increased
sales: link Sample Quote:
将大囧文化发扬光大
Let us promote Jiong Culture! link
Branding
“囧”行网络, 很囧很强大。
“Jiong” is spreading all over the internet . It is
Popular Jiong Bags so powerful. link
Product
For more information about the diversity of Chinese net language,
© 2008 CIC 11
please refer to CIC IWOM Watch Apr 16-30, 2008

12. Ancient Characters
MORE ANCIENT CHARACTERS: 槑, 囧’s family
Netizens’ are passionate about finding new ancient
Chinese characters to integrate into their net
vocabulary and have created a whole family of net
terms for “囧”.
囧’s family
崮 (gu): 囧国国王/ the king of Jiong empire
莔 (meng) : 囧国皇后/ the queen of Jiong
empire
link 商 (shang): 戴斗笠的囧/ the Jiong with a
“槑” is a good example of netizens’ creativity in bamboo hat
coining new terms. The original meaning of this 回 (hui): 没眼睛的囧/ the Jiong without eyes
classical hieroglyphic Chinese character was
“梅(Mei)” or plum blossom. But now, since it 四 (si): 没嘴巴的囧/ the Jiong without a mouth
looks like two “呆(Dai)” (meaning spellbound or d 囧 b:百事可乐“爱中国”的手势/ the “Love China”
dumbfounded) put together, netizens use it to
Pepsi gesture
describe something that causes them to be
overly shocked or dumbfounded. T囧T: 鄙视你的囧/ the Jiong looking down on
you
Sample Quote:
外国超（级）跑（车）把我看槑了. 囧rz and ssr囧: 下跪的囧/ kneeling person with
I am Mei (spellbound) by foreign sports cars. Jiong face
link
囧囧有神: 十分囧,囧到“有神”/ very Jiong
© 2008 CIC 12

13. Letters & Numbers
Combining letters and numbers allows netizens to
communicate in a simple yet powerful way
Sample Quote:
我就受点委屈吧，不就是5块钱嘛，555~~
Fine, I can endure this, only 5 yuan, 555
link
Letters Numbers
Orz: 跪倒/ shows respect to an expert or 555: 哭/ onomatopoeia for crying sound
well regarded professional as it resembles 8147: 不要生气/ don’t be angry
a person kneeling.
1314: 一生一世/ forever
Orz also has some variations:
520: 我爱你/ I love you
sto: 换一边跪/ kneel in a different direction
360: 想念你/ miss you
org: 美人鱼/ the mermaid
88: 拜拜/ bye
prz: 长发垂地的orz/ kneel with hair
246: 饿死了/ I’m hungry
hanging straight down
82475: 被爱就是幸福/ being loved is pure
szQ: 换一边并舔地的orz / kneel in another
happiness
direction and lick the floor
4242: 是啊是啊/ yes
OTL: 这是完全失落/ totally frustrated
5871: 我不介意/ I don’t mind
Oroz: 这是有小腹/ kneel with fat stomach
© 2008 CIC 13

14. Coined Terms
COINED TERMS: As a sign of the times, Zhujianqiang
“猪坚强” represents persistence when facing tough times
“Zhujianqiang” or the “persistent pig,” survived
for 36 days after the Wenchuan earthquake by
drinking rain drops and moisture off of charcoal.
The persistent spirit of this pig impressed
netizens and as a result his name became
hugely popular on the Internet. Some artists
even composed songs to praise the pig’s ability
to live through tough times. These songs were
then widely copied and pasted onto video
The pig survived for 36 days after the earthquake portals and BBS, receiving thousands of page
views. Even real estate mogul Pan Shi Yi
referred to the pig’s persistence when
expressing his attitude towards the ailing
economy.
The song about Sample Quotes
Zhujianqiang link 不错，旋律很好听，我喜欢
Sounds wonderful, I like this melody. link
Zhujianqiang appeared
as a synonym for a 看勒眼睛都湿润勒``在现实社会中``我们也要坚强！！
persistent spirit in the My eyes clouded up while watching this video. We
face of downturns in the also need to be persistent in tough times.
The video of Zhujianqiang’s real estate and banking link
commendation conference link markets
© 2008 CIC 14

15. Coined Terms
More new terms created by netizens to express their
strong feelings
Coined Terms
雷 (Lei)：to shock somebody 打酱油 (Dajiangyou): to buy soy
霹雳 (Pili): extra “Lei” sauce/none of my business
宅男/宅女 (Zhainan/Zhainv): people who 叉腰肌 (Chayaoji): iliopsoas/hip muscle
prefer to stay at home 山寨 (Shanzhai): “bandit”, knockoff
俯卧撑 (Fuwocheng): pushups/none of 很…很…: very…, very…
my business 做人不要太CNN: don’t be like CNN
Sample Quote: link
最能“雷”到菲尔普斯的估计非下面这句莫属了
The comments by the TV analyst that will ‘Lei’
Phelps the most are…
所谓自由泳，就是什么泳姿都可以采用…..等等，“霹
雳”到大批的电视观众。
It’s very interesting to talk about
Freestyle swimming means you can swim using any
the Olympics using net language style, so the swimmer can ‘Pili’ the audience.
菲尔普斯原是“宅男”
Michael Phelps is a ‘Zhainan’
link
© 2008 CIC 15

16. Category Terms
CATEGORY NET LANGUAGE: Information Technology
Popular IT net language buzz notes
IT Term frequency*, 2008 Q3
本本(Ben Ben)：Nickname for notebook 本本 27,369
悍马(Han Ma)：The name of a motherboard
series produced by Jetboard, which is well- 悍马 7,132
known for its high performance-price ratio.
A饭 (A-Fan)： “A-Fan” refers to AMD fans, it A饭 3,047
also refers to ATI fans in the graphic card BBS
forums. However, after AMD acquired ATI, ATI 小黑 2,332
fans are also considered as AMD fans.
小黑(Little Blackie)：Lenovo ThinkPad 本友 1,383
本友 (Ben You)：Owner of a notebook
I饭 1,172 Unit: mention
I饭 (I-Fan)：“I-Fan” refers to Intel fans.
Data Source: 583 selected IT related forums, CIC Cross
Industry Study, 2008Q3
For more on the net language for IT
industry, see seeisee blog article here Sample Quote:
I饭进....想给个妹买台搞动画制作的主机..
I-Fans, please help me…I want to buy a computer that’s
*Note: the frequency is according to CIC Keyword Frequency Analysis
around IT terms in terms of No. of mentions. good for creating animation. link
© 2008 CIC 16

17. Category Terms
CATEGORY NET LANGUAGE: Cosmetics
Popular cosmetics net language buzz notes
Cosmetics Term Frequency*, 2008 Q3
晒 (Shai, show off) ： Take a picture of
cosmetics collection, then upload on BBS to 晒 16,397
show off and share user experience with JMs.
败 家 (Spendthrift) ： A way to describe 败家 5,667
netizens who spend too much money on high
end/luxury brand cosmetics to maintain their
skin and beauty. 长草 4,097
长草 (Grow grass)： “Grow grass” refers to
netizens that are motivated to buy products 跟风 2,247
after seeing other netizens “shai” or show off
the product. Netizens use the phrase when 兽 1,777
they are influenced or looking to be influenced
by recommendations from likeminded 818 798
consumers. Unit: mention
跟风 (Follow trend)：This means someone
was influenced by the opinion of another user Data Source: 451 selected cosmetics forums, CIC Cross
and persuaded to buy a product. Usually these Industry Study, 2008Q3
products have positive IWOM or are frequently
discussed on BBS.
兽 (partial tone of Show, Show off)：Same
as Shai.
Sample Quote:
818：Talk about it 有用过BB霜的JM吗？近来狂长草，想要败一瓶
For more on net language for the cosmetics Any JM’s tried BB cream? I am “growing grass” as I
industry, see seeisee blog article here want to buy one (looking for recommendations). link
*Note: the frequency is according to CIC Keyword Frequency
Analysis around Cosmetics terms in terms of No. of mentions.
© 2008 CIC 17

18. Category Terms
CATEGORY NET LANGUAGE: Automobile
Popular auto net language buzz notes
Automobile Term Frequency(2), 2008 Q3
肉 (Rou)：Weak driving power or acceleration
FB (FuBai) ： A humorous usage of the term 肉 28,593
“corruption.” Friends on BBS like to spend
money and hang out with each other by
organizing offline activities such as dinner FB 27,764
parties or travelling. They call these activities
“fubai” or FB.
LD (LingDao, leader) ： While the literal
meaning is boss, netizens usually use it to refer LD 14,343
Unit: mention
to their wife, girl friend, and/or children.
Data Source: 3,813 selected automobile forums, CIC Cross
Focus Nickname Buzz Share in Q3, 2008
Industry Study, 2008Q3
福福 FCS
Focus 0.4% 0.2%
8.0% Sample Quote:
FKS 我的小福我做主。
11.1% I am the master of my own Xiaofu. link
各位TX，小的刚成为福友不久，想在十一期间带上自己
的LD出去自驾游。
福克斯 TX (Friends), I become a fan of Ford Focus recently, I
51.8%
want to take my LD for a drive. link
For more on net language for the auto industry,
小福
28.5% see seeisee blog article here
Data Base: 213,580 Focus Note (2): the frequency is according to CIC Keyword Frequency
buzz unit(1) in Q3,2008 Analysis around Automobile terms in terms of No. of mentions.
Note (1): buzz unit is the number of posts which mention the keyword.
© 2008 CIC 18

19. Category Terms
CATEGORY NET LANGUAGE: Sports
Popular sports net language buzz notes
Sports Term Frequency*, 2008 Q3
某蜜/某黑 (-- lover/ -- hater): The people who 姚蜜/黑 33,686
show strong support for certain athletes or
teams are called “-- lover,” e.g. Yao lover (姚蜜). 筒子 5,542
On the contrary, those who frequently criticize
certain athletes or teams will be named “-- hater,” 卡路里 3,758
e.g. Yao hater (姚黑).
绿衫军 1,921 Unit: mention
筒子 (Mates): Used to refer to other netizens
Data Source: 1,676 selected sports forums, CIC Cross
chatting in the same forums. It is frequently used Industry Study, 2008Q3
in sports forums.
Sample Quote:
卡路里 (Calorie): In a particular basketball e- 姚明是不是在做一件伟大的事情？姚蜜姚黑免不了要争
community, this term refers to virtual money 论，因为这题目背后涉及的东西有些复杂
within the forum (not the heat energy unit). Is Yao Ming accomplishing great things? Yao lovers or
Yao haters have something to argue about since this is
绿 衫 军 (The green shirt army) ： This term a complex question … link
refers to the Celtics.
请问各位筒子，哪里可以买到龙腾祥云奥运颁奖服我十
分想要，太好看了。象征着咱中国的荣誉啊
For more on the net language for sports Can anyone tell me where I can buy the uniform they
industry, see seeisee blog article here. wore during the gold medal ceremony at the Olympics?
They are so pretty and also represent the honor of our
*Note: the frequency is according to CIC Keyword Frequency
Analysis around Sports terms in terms of No. of mentions. nation. link
© 2008 CIC 19

20. Category Terms
CATEGORY NET LANGUAGE: Nicknames of sport stars
Nicknames
Kobe Nicknames Term Frequency*, 2008 Q3
KB
KB 26,609
大神 (Great God)
大神 12,068
小飞侠 (Peter Pan)
小飞侠 1,825
K24
K24 1,129
Mamba Unit: mention
Mamba 211
Yao Yaoming Nicknames Term Frequency*, 2008 Q3
大姚 (Big Yao) Yao 30,503
要命 (sounds like 大姚 15,673
“Yaoming”)
要命 3,211
姚哥 (Big Bro Yao)
姚哥 629
大Y (Big Y)
79 Unit: mention
大Y
*Note: the frequency is according to CIC Keyword Frequency
Data Source: 1,676 selected sports forums, CIC Cross Industry Study, 2008Q3
Analysis around Sports terms in terms of No. of mentions.
© 2008 CIC 20

21. More Net Language References on seeisee Blogs, IWOM
Watch and Tech Blogs
English articles
• Understanding the Local Online Community Landscape
• Netizens share experience about National Matriculation
Test online
• Net language: Implications for Search Engine Marketing
• 3 pathways to net culture
Chinese articles
• 网络语言大拼盘之大众流行
• 网络语言大盘点之电脑IT流行
• 网络语言大拼盘之丽人流行
• 网络语言大拼盘之汽车流行
• 网络语言大拼盘之体育流行
Tech articles
• Zipf定律，最省力原则及网络语言
• 文本挖掘技术在CIC的应用
• 情感分析(Sentiment Analysis)的难题
© 2008 CIC 21

22. DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY
• All collected messages were categorized and mined according to a library of terms (including
Internet slang) representing companies, brands, products, and attributes customized for the
unique linguistic environment of mainland China.
• The unit of buzz volume is based on single post (a message posted in online forum)
• All obviously “Irrelevant Messages” such as 灌水 (guan shui) were filtered out. Also, messages
containing the characters that refer to something other than the intended object were filtered out.
For example, “大众” the Chinese name of Volkswagen, when referring to “people,” and not the
brand, was not counted.
• All the sample quotes in this white paper are selected from top BBS in China
• All the pictures and quotes are from online social media
© 2008 CIC 22

23. ABOUT CIC
CIC is the leading Internet Word of Mouth (IWOM) research and consulting firm in China. Since
2004, CIC has pioneered the concept of Internet Word of Mouth (IWOM) that is redefining the
relationship between brands and consumers. CIC coined the term Internet Word of Mouth and is
the thought leader in utilizing it for strategy planning and application in marketing
communications. CIC is committed to both providing objective third party strategic advice to
clients and promoting the healthy development of the Internet Community in China. CIC’s
research and discussion of IWOM’s impact and best practices can be found on company blogs,
IWOM white papers and IWOM watch reports and through its IWOM roundtable events such as
IWOM summit and IWOM classroom.
CIC offers customized research and consulting service to its stable of retainer clients through its
expert IWOM analysts supported by proprietary Chinese language based text mining technology
(patent pending), data processing technology and data visualization technology. CIC’s retainer
relationships stretch over multiple years with multinational clients from Fortune 500 companies.
CIC’s continual development and evolution is driven by a unique, powerful and open mindset and
learning culture which at its foundation continually seeks to understand how the Internet, and
Internet Word of mouth, is redefining the relationships between brands and consumers.
For more information, please visit www.cicdata.com (CIC website), www.seeisee.com (CIC
Company blog in Chinese) and www.seeisee.com/sam (CEO's company blog in English).
© 2008 CIC 23

24. OUR BLOGS:
www.seeisee.com (Chinese)
www.seeisee.com/sam (English)
OUR WEBSITE:
www.cicdata.com
CONTACT US:
Thank You
info@cicdata.com
This report is copyrighted material owned by CIC. Any improper use
of this document or its content will be considered a violation of CIC IP
copyright and CIC has the right to take legal action.
本研究报告归CIC公司版权所有。任何对本研究报告或报告中任何内容
的不当使用都将被视为对CIC知识产权的侵犯，CIC有权诉诸于法律。