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The power of faith to
address non-communicable
         diseases.
   Findings from the Adventist Health Study
• Is faith in itself associated with risk of
         developing chronic disease?

• Is faith a vehicle or driving force for
         reduction in risk factors?
Seventh-day Adventists (SDAs) have a
long tradition of focus on healthy lifestyle
        to reduce risk of disease.
8 “keys” to healthy living:
•Nutrition – focus on vegetarian diet
•Exercise
•Water – inside and outside

•Smoking – non-smoking
•Temperance
•Air – fresh air
•Relaxation – adequate sleep
•Trust in God
Dan Buettner – author of “Blue
Zones” - 9 health
recommendations:
•Nutrition – reduce calories by 20%
•Plant based foods - legumes
•Move – moderate and regular exercise
•Life Purpose
•Downshift–calm down, smell the roses
•Belong to a spiritual community
•Family – make it a priority (parents, spouse, children)
•Social network with similar values
•Grapes – wine from red grapes
• Is faith in itself associated with lower
  risk of chronic disease?

 • Is faith a vehicle or driving force for
         reducing risk factor levels?
Overview –
of studies that can possibly address
                 this
Adventist Health Studies
                  USA, 1958-2012                   BRHS
                                                   2006-
                                                   11,000
           AMS 1958-1985
 1958    1966      1974
            23,000 SDA
                                    1988      2001 2002-
                                                AHS-2 2011
                                                96,000 SDA
             25+ years                  5,700    30+ years
             California                overlap USA & Canada
1950    1960      1970       1980      1990   2000     2010
                          AHSMOG 1977-2002        AHSMOG-2
                             6,328 SDA               2002-
                             25+ years            96,000 SDA
           12,000            California            30+ years
           overlap       AHS-1 1974-1988
                                                 USA & Canada
                           34,192 SDA
                            25+ years
                            California
Studying Seventh-day Adventists

STRENGTHS –
• homogeneous in many lifestyle choices
• heterogeneous in nutritional habits - wide range from
  strict vegetarian to regular American diet.
• Very low smoking and alcohol use: can study effect of
  lifestyle without the confounding or modifying effects of
  these.
.
Adventist Religion & Health Study
     (BRHS): 2006-Present
 BRHS –
 • a sub-study of AHS-2
 • 11,000 Adventist Americans aged 50+
 • Aim: to understand what specific aspects of religion,
   life stressors and other health behaviors account for
   better or worse health
 • trace some of the biopsychosocial pathways to
   health.
AHS-1
Longevity
Survival of Adventist (1980-88) and other California
(1985) women aged 30+. (p < .001)
Survival of Adventist (1980-88) and other
California (1985) men aged 30+. (p < .001)
AHS-1
Age at death according to lifestyle choices
  • Diet – vegetarian vs. non-vegetarian
  • Exercise
  • Nut intake
  • Maintaining normal body weight (as in BMI)
  • Smoking
  • HRT in females
Expected age at death among Adventist women according to high or low
levels of various lifestyle factors. Years, (95% CI)
Expected age at death among Adventist men according to high or low levels
of various lifestyle factors. Years, (95% CI)
Persons unable to exercise due to disease, e.g. arthritis, CHD, stroke, etc are not penalized.
CCIH 2012 Conference, NCD Pre-Conference, Dr. Synnove Knutsen, Power of Faith to Address Non-Communicable Diseases, Adventists
US Adventist vegetarians who increased their
meat intake to weekly consumption of meat over a
17-year interval experienced a 3.6 year decrease
                in life expectancy
                                                                            Increased         Maintained
                                                                           meat intake        Zero Meat
                                                                                                Intake




 Singh PN, Sabate J, Fraser GE. Does low meat consumption increase life expectancy in humans? Am J Clin Nutr 2003, 78(3): 526-532
From the 1 (1960) to the 2nd study (1976),
           st

some Adventists changed from vegetarian diet
 to some meat. Incident diseases next 6 years
                  (‘76-’82).
RR




                                      (Singh et al.)
Diet & Risk of Cancer
Meat intake and risk of different
         incident cancers. AHS-1.
 RR
2.5   P (t): 0.01       ns      <.01    0.02

 2

1.5
                                                        Never
  1                                                     < 1/week
                                                        1+/week
0.5

 0
       Colon
       Colon        Prostate   Ovary
                               Ovary    Ovary
                                       Postmenopausal
Total meat intake and risk of colon
                    cancer
RR
 2         P (trend)=0.01

                                            1.85
1.5                                       (1.16-2.87)
                                1.5
                            (0.92-2.45)
  1
                1

0.5


 0
            Never           < 1/week      1+/week
Meat intake and risk of different
         incident cancers. AHS-1.
 RR
2.5   P (t): 0.01       ns      <.01    0.02

 2

1.5
                                                        Never
  1                                                     < 1/week
                                                        1+/week
0.5

 0
       Colon
       Colon        Prostate   Ovary
                               Ovary    Ovary
                                       Postmenopausal
Total meat intake and risk of colon
                    cancer
RR
 2         P (trend)=0.01

                                            1.85
1.5                                       (1.16-2.87)
                                1.5
                            (0.92-2.45)
  1
                1

0.5


 0
            Never           < 1/week      1+/week
Meat intake and risk of different
         incident cancers. AHS-1.
 RR
2.5   P (t): 0.01       ns      <.01    0.02

 2

1.5
                                                        Never
  1                                                     < 1/week
                                                        1+/week
0.5

 0
       Colon
       Colon        Prostate   Ovary
                               Ovary    Ovary
                                       Postmenopausal
Total meat intake and risk of colon
                    cancer
RR
 2         P (trend)=0.01

                                            1.85
1.5                                       (1.16-2.87)
                                1.5
                            (0.92-2.45)
  1
                1

0.5


 0
            Never           < 1/week      1+/week
Meat intake and risk of different
         incident cancers. AHS-1.
 RR
2.5   P (t): 0.01       ns      <.01    0.02

 2

1.5
                                                        Never
  1                                                     < 1/week
                                                        1+/week
0.5

 0
       Colon
       Colon        Prostate   Ovary
                               Ovary    Ovary
                                       Postmenopausal
Total meat intake and risk of colon
                    cancer
RR
 2         P (trend)=0.01

                                            1.85
1.5                                       (1.16-2.87)
                                1.5
                            (0.92-2.45)
  1
                1

0.5


 0
            Never           < 1/week      1+/week
Diet & Cancer
Screening Behaviors
CCIH 2012 Conference, NCD Pre-Conference, Dr. Synnove Knutsen, Power of Faith to Address Non-Communicable Diseases, Adventists
CCIH 2012 Conference, NCD Pre-Conference, Dr. Synnove Knutsen, Power of Faith to Address Non-Communicable Diseases, Adventists
CCIH 2012 Conference, NCD Pre-Conference, Dr. Synnove Knutsen, Power of Faith to Address Non-Communicable Diseases, Adventists
Biopsychosocial
Religion & Health Study
      Overview & Early Findings
CCIH 2012 Conference, NCD Pre-Conference, Dr. Synnove Knutsen, Power of Faith to Address Non-Communicable Diseases, Adventists
CCIH 2012 Conference, NCD Pre-Conference, Dr. Synnove Knutsen, Power of Faith to Address Non-Communicable Diseases, Adventists
CCIH 2012 Conference, NCD Pre-Conference, Dr. Synnove Knutsen, Power of Faith to Address Non-Communicable Diseases, Adventists
CCIH 2012 Conference, NCD Pre-Conference, Dr. Synnove Knutsen, Power of Faith to Address Non-Communicable Diseases, Adventists
CCIH 2012 Conference, NCD Pre-Conference, Dr. Synnove Knutsen, Power of Faith to Address Non-Communicable Diseases, Adventists
CCIH 2012 Conference, NCD Pre-Conference, Dr. Synnove Knutsen, Power of Faith to Address Non-Communicable Diseases, Adventists
CCIH 2012 Conference, NCD Pre-Conference, Dr. Synnove Knutsen, Power of Faith to Address Non-Communicable Diseases, Adventists
CCIH 2012 Conference, NCD Pre-Conference, Dr. Synnove Knutsen, Power of Faith to Address Non-Communicable Diseases, Adventists
CCIH 2012 Conference, NCD Pre-Conference, Dr. Synnove Knutsen, Power of Faith to Address Non-Communicable Diseases, Adventists
CCIH 2012 Conference, NCD Pre-Conference, Dr. Synnove Knutsen, Power of Faith to Address Non-Communicable Diseases, Adventists
CCIH 2012 Conference, NCD Pre-Conference, Dr. Synnove Knutsen, Power of Faith to Address Non-Communicable Diseases, Adventists
CCIH 2012 Conference, NCD Pre-Conference, Dr. Synnove Knutsen, Power of Faith to Address Non-Communicable Diseases, Adventists
CCIH 2012 Conference, NCD Pre-Conference, Dr. Synnove Knutsen, Power of Faith to Address Non-Communicable Diseases, Adventists
CCIH 2012 Conference, NCD Pre-Conference, Dr. Synnove Knutsen, Power of Faith to Address Non-Communicable Diseases, Adventists
CCIH 2012 Conference, NCD Pre-Conference, Dr. Synnove Knutsen, Power of Faith to Address Non-Communicable Diseases, Adventists
CCIH 2012 Conference, NCD Pre-Conference, Dr. Synnove Knutsen, Power of Faith to Address Non-Communicable Diseases, Adventists
CCIH 2012 Conference, NCD Pre-Conference, Dr. Synnove Knutsen, Power of Faith to Address Non-Communicable Diseases, Adventists
CCIH 2012 Conference, NCD Pre-Conference, Dr. Synnove Knutsen, Power of Faith to Address Non-Communicable Diseases, Adventists
CCIH 2012 Conference, NCD Pre-Conference, Dr. Synnove Knutsen, Power of Faith to Address Non-Communicable Diseases, Adventists
CCIH 2012 Conference, NCD Pre-Conference, Dr. Synnove Knutsen, Power of Faith to Address Non-Communicable Diseases, Adventists
Lifestyle choices and
environment
•Future research important
•Lifestyle has great effect on
environment
So, is the power of faith a tool for addressing non-
communicable diseases?
• Only to the degree that lifestyle becomes a part
  of faith, I think


• E.g. do we as believers have a responsibility to
  take care of our health as well as the health of
  our environment?

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CCIH 2012 Conference, NCD Pre-Conference, Dr. Synnove Knutsen, Power of Faith to Address Non-Communicable Diseases, Adventists

  • 1. The power of faith to address non-communicable diseases. Findings from the Adventist Health Study
  • 2. • Is faith in itself associated with risk of developing chronic disease? • Is faith a vehicle or driving force for reduction in risk factors?
  • 3. Seventh-day Adventists (SDAs) have a long tradition of focus on healthy lifestyle to reduce risk of disease.
  • 4. 8 “keys” to healthy living: •Nutrition – focus on vegetarian diet •Exercise •Water – inside and outside •Smoking – non-smoking •Temperance •Air – fresh air •Relaxation – adequate sleep •Trust in God
  • 5. Dan Buettner – author of “Blue Zones” - 9 health recommendations: •Nutrition – reduce calories by 20% •Plant based foods - legumes •Move – moderate and regular exercise •Life Purpose •Downshift–calm down, smell the roses •Belong to a spiritual community •Family – make it a priority (parents, spouse, children) •Social network with similar values •Grapes – wine from red grapes
  • 6. • Is faith in itself associated with lower risk of chronic disease? • Is faith a vehicle or driving force for reducing risk factor levels?
  • 7. Overview – of studies that can possibly address this
  • 8. Adventist Health Studies USA, 1958-2012 BRHS 2006- 11,000 AMS 1958-1985 1958 1966 1974 23,000 SDA 1988 2001 2002- AHS-2 2011 96,000 SDA 25+ years 5,700 30+ years California overlap USA & Canada 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 AHSMOG 1977-2002 AHSMOG-2 6,328 SDA 2002- 25+ years 96,000 SDA 12,000 California 30+ years overlap AHS-1 1974-1988 USA & Canada 34,192 SDA 25+ years California
  • 9. Studying Seventh-day Adventists STRENGTHS – • homogeneous in many lifestyle choices • heterogeneous in nutritional habits - wide range from strict vegetarian to regular American diet. • Very low smoking and alcohol use: can study effect of lifestyle without the confounding or modifying effects of these. .
  • 10. Adventist Religion & Health Study (BRHS): 2006-Present BRHS – • a sub-study of AHS-2 • 11,000 Adventist Americans aged 50+ • Aim: to understand what specific aspects of religion, life stressors and other health behaviors account for better or worse health • trace some of the biopsychosocial pathways to health.
  • 12. Survival of Adventist (1980-88) and other California (1985) women aged 30+. (p < .001)
  • 13. Survival of Adventist (1980-88) and other California (1985) men aged 30+. (p < .001)
  • 14. AHS-1 Age at death according to lifestyle choices • Diet – vegetarian vs. non-vegetarian • Exercise • Nut intake • Maintaining normal body weight (as in BMI) • Smoking • HRT in females
  • 15. Expected age at death among Adventist women according to high or low levels of various lifestyle factors. Years, (95% CI)
  • 16. Expected age at death among Adventist men according to high or low levels of various lifestyle factors. Years, (95% CI)
  • 17. Persons unable to exercise due to disease, e.g. arthritis, CHD, stroke, etc are not penalized.
  • 19. US Adventist vegetarians who increased their meat intake to weekly consumption of meat over a 17-year interval experienced a 3.6 year decrease in life expectancy Increased Maintained meat intake Zero Meat Intake Singh PN, Sabate J, Fraser GE. Does low meat consumption increase life expectancy in humans? Am J Clin Nutr 2003, 78(3): 526-532
  • 20. From the 1 (1960) to the 2nd study (1976), st some Adventists changed from vegetarian diet to some meat. Incident diseases next 6 years (‘76-’82). RR (Singh et al.)
  • 21. Diet & Risk of Cancer
  • 22. Meat intake and risk of different incident cancers. AHS-1. RR 2.5 P (t): 0.01 ns <.01 0.02 2 1.5 Never 1 < 1/week 1+/week 0.5 0 Colon Colon Prostate Ovary Ovary Ovary Postmenopausal
  • 23. Total meat intake and risk of colon cancer RR 2 P (trend)=0.01 1.85 1.5 (1.16-2.87) 1.5 (0.92-2.45) 1 1 0.5 0 Never < 1/week 1+/week
  • 24. Meat intake and risk of different incident cancers. AHS-1. RR 2.5 P (t): 0.01 ns <.01 0.02 2 1.5 Never 1 < 1/week 1+/week 0.5 0 Colon Colon Prostate Ovary Ovary Ovary Postmenopausal
  • 25. Total meat intake and risk of colon cancer RR 2 P (trend)=0.01 1.85 1.5 (1.16-2.87) 1.5 (0.92-2.45) 1 1 0.5 0 Never < 1/week 1+/week
  • 26. Meat intake and risk of different incident cancers. AHS-1. RR 2.5 P (t): 0.01 ns <.01 0.02 2 1.5 Never 1 < 1/week 1+/week 0.5 0 Colon Colon Prostate Ovary Ovary Ovary Postmenopausal
  • 27. Total meat intake and risk of colon cancer RR 2 P (trend)=0.01 1.85 1.5 (1.16-2.87) 1.5 (0.92-2.45) 1 1 0.5 0 Never < 1/week 1+/week
  • 28. Meat intake and risk of different incident cancers. AHS-1. RR 2.5 P (t): 0.01 ns <.01 0.02 2 1.5 Never 1 < 1/week 1+/week 0.5 0 Colon Colon Prostate Ovary Ovary Ovary Postmenopausal
  • 29. Total meat intake and risk of colon cancer RR 2 P (trend)=0.01 1.85 1.5 (1.16-2.87) 1.5 (0.92-2.45) 1 1 0.5 0 Never < 1/week 1+/week
  • 34. Biopsychosocial Religion & Health Study Overview & Early Findings
  • 55. Lifestyle choices and environment •Future research important •Lifestyle has great effect on environment
  • 56. So, is the power of faith a tool for addressing non- communicable diseases?
  • 57. • Only to the degree that lifestyle becomes a part of faith, I think • E.g. do we as believers have a responsibility to take care of our health as well as the health of our environment?

Hinweis der Redaktion

  1. Biopsycho
  2. Biopsychosocial Religion and Health Study