3. ELECTRICAL DRIVES AND
CONTROL
Mr.C.Anandhakumar, AP / EEE, SRIT
In 1838 the First DC motor is tested with the help of
Energy storage battery in Russia
Due to lack of electrical energy it can’t be used in
industries and other applications at that time
After advent of AC power source many AC motors can be
employed in industrial at the time of 1890’s
In 1890’s electric motors accounted for 5% of the total
power of all types of prime movers used by industries
HISTORY OF DRIVES
3
5. ELECTRICAL DRIVES AND
CONTROL
Mr.C.Anandhakumar, AP / EEE, SRIT
ELECTRONIC CONTROL
After the advent of semiconductor switches the
controlling of
Current
Voltage
Power
Frequency
becomes effective
For Controlling, the control unit is designed with
ICs
Microprocessor unit
VLSI technology
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8. ELECTRICAL DRIVES AND
CONTROL
Mr.C.Anandhakumar, AP / EEE, SRIT
SOLID STATE CONTROL
Electrical drives which employs solid state devices like
Thyristors for their control operation is termed as “Solid
State Control”
Thyristors are invented at 1957 and replaced all the
components in the drive system
Applications:
Paper mills
Cement mills
Battery chargers
Fork lift trucks
Machine tools
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9. ELECTRICAL DRIVES AND
CONTROL
Mr.C.Anandhakumar, AP / EEE, SRIT
BLOCK DIAGRAM OF DRIVE SYSTEM
POWER
SOURCE
POWER
MODULATO
R
MOTOR LOAD
CONTROLLE
R
SENSING
UNIT
Power Source:
In India AC 1ɸ and 3ɸ, 50Hz and DC supplies are readily available in
most of the location
Low power drives are fed from 1ɸ AC source (220V)
Eg: Fans, Machine tools and drillers
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10. ELECTRICAL DRIVES AND
CONTROL
Mr.C.Anandhakumar, AP / EEE, SRIT
BLOCK DIAGRAM OF DRIVE SYSTEM
Power Source:
Rest of the drives are powered from 3ɸ supply (440V)
In large scale industries they use the drives from the range of
3.3KV, 6.6KV and 11KV
Eg: Cement Mills and Paper Mills
Some of the drives are powered from battery, the DC voltages are
in the range of 6V, 12V, 24V, 48V and 110V
Eg: Electric Vehicles , space application
POWER MODULATOR
It modulates the flow of power and analysis is made with the help
of Speed-toque Characteristics
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11. ELECTRICAL DRIVES AND
CONTROL
Mr.C.Anandhakumar, AP / EEE, SRIT
POWER MODULATOR
Transient operations:
Starting, braking and speed reversal
Converter:
AC to DC (Converter or rectifier)
DC to AC (Inverter)
DC to DC (Chopper)
Sources may be:
Fixed Voltage AC and Fixed frequency
Fixed Voltage DC
Drive Requires:
Fixed or variable AC voltage and frequency
11
12. ELECTRICAL DRIVES AND
CONTROL
Mr.C.Anandhakumar, AP / EEE, SRIT
POWER MODULATOR
Types of converter:
Rectifiers
AC voltage controllers or AC regulators
Choppers
Inverters
Cyclo converter
RECTIFIERS:
It converts AC supply to DC Supply
Types:
Diode rectifiers
Half controlled thyristor rectifiers
Fully controlled thyristor rectifiers
12
13. There are two important requirements:
Stable Operation
Transient response
Stable Operation
1) Obtained with the help of Speed-torque characteristics
2) Four Quadrant Operation
3) Motors must run in Fourth quadrant for stable
operation
Transient Operation
1) Large Disturbance due to starting, braking
2) Quick response to reach its original position
ELECTRICAL DRIVES AND
CONTROL
Mr.C.Anandhakumar, AP / EEE, SRIT
REQUIREMENTS OFAN ELECTRIC DRIVES
13
14. Group drive
Industrial drive
Multi motor drive
INDIVIDUAL
DRIVE
GROUP
DRIVE
Initial Cost Low High
Speed More Variation
Possible
Wider Variation
not possible
Running Cost Low High
Machine
attached
Only one More than one
On time of
breakdown
Only one
machine get
affected
All machine
connected to
group drive get
affected
Efficiency High Less
Power required Less High
More likely
Used
For Small
production
Mass
production
ELECTRICAL DRIVES AND
CONTROL
Mr.C.Anandhakumar, AP / EEE, SRIT
TYPES OF ELECTRICAL DRIVES
14
17. Classifications according to Mode of Operation:
Continuous duty drives
Short time duty drives
Intermittent duty drives
Classifications according to Means of Control:
Manual
Semi automatic
Automatic
Classifications according to Dynamics and Transients:
Uncontrolled Transient period
Controlled transient period
ELECTRICAL DRIVES AND
CONTROL
Mr.C.Anandhakumar, AP / EEE, SRIT
17
18. ADVANTAGES OF ELECTRICAL DRIVES
Flexible control
Automatic fault detection system
Available in wide range of torque, speed and power
Adaptable to all operating conditions
(explosive and radioactive)
Four quadrant operation
(FM,RM,FB and RB)
Started instantly
Simple and easy to operate
ELECTRICAL DRIVES AND
CONTROL
Mr.C.Anandhakumar, AP / EEE, SRIT
18
19. CHOICE OR SELECTION
OF DRIVES
Steady State Operating conditions requirements
Nature of speed torque characteristics, speed regulation, speed
range, efficiency, duty cycle, quadrants of operation, speed
fluctuations if any, ratings etc
Transient operation requirements
Values of acceleration and deceleration, starting, braking and
reversing performance.
Requirements related to the source
Types of source and its capacity, magnitude of voltage, voltage
fluctuations, power factor, harmonics and their effect on other
loads, ability to accept regenerative power
Capital and running cost, maintenance needs life.
Space and weight restriction if any.
Environment and location.
Reliability.
ELECTRICAL DRIVES AND
CONTROL
Mr.C.Anandhakumar, AP / EEE, SRIT
19
20. ELECTRICAL DRIVES AND
CONTROL
Mr.C.Anandhakumar, AP / EEE, SRIT
REFERENCES:
Dubey G.K., “Fundamentals of Electrical Drives ”, Narosa
Publishing House, New Delhi, 2nd Ed. 2002.
VedamSubramanyam, “ Electric Drives Concepts &
Applications” Tata McGraw Hill 2nd edition 2010.
NisitK.De and PrashantaK.Sen, “ Electric Drives”, PHI.,
2001
R.Krishnan, “Electric motor Drives: Modelling, Analysis and
control”, Prentice Hall,2001.
Pillai S.K., “A First Course on Electrical Drives”,Wiley
Eastern Ltd.,Bombay,2nd Ed 2007
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