- Difference of Sex and Gender - Gender Roles and Manifestation of Gender Bias - Gender and Development

1. CANDELARIO, JOY CHRISTINE
CACUYONG, MARY JANE
BAGUINGAN, ROCKEL
BONA, CECILLE
GENDER
ISSUES

2. 02
03
01
Gender Roles & Manifestation
of Gender Bias
DISCUSSIONS
Sex vs. Gender
Gender & Development

3. GENDER refers to the socially constructed roles,
behaviors, expressions and identities of girls, women,
boys, men, and gender diverse people. It influences
how people perceive themselves and each other, how
they act and interact, and the distribution of power and
resources in society.
SEX vs. GENDER
SEX refers to a set of biological attributes of an individual.
It is primarily associated with physical and physiological
features including chromosomes, gene expression,
hormone levels and function, and reproductive/sexual
anatomy. Sex is usually categorized as female or male.

4. GENDER ROLES & MANIFESTATION OF GENDER BIAS
● Gender Roles – Hoe we’re expected to
act, speak, dress, groom, and conduct
ourselves based upon our assigned sex.
● Gender Bias – Any one of a variety of
stereotypical beliefs about individuals on the
basis of their sex, particularly as related to
the differential treatment of females and
males.

5. Where do gender roles come from?
1) Family – Gender identity stems from parents assigning
gender-specific household chores, toys, books, etc.
2) Education – Gender differences in choosing
specializations accompanied with society’s expectations.
3) Peer Group – As an individual spends more time with a
certain group, they are being influenced and become
alike in interests, likes and dislikes

6. Where do gender roles and stereotypes come from?
4) Mass Media – What is usually displayed in screens or
heard from radios affects one’s thought. For instance,
women in movies are gentle, submissive, flawless, and
dependent thus; it became an expectation for women in
real life situations.
5) Religion & Belief – There are religions that set
standards and expectations on how a woman or man
should act.

7. MALE FEMALE
Roles &
Responsibilities
Breadwinner,
constructions, defense,
politics, disciplinarians
Household chores, nursery,
caring, service jobs
Attributes Risk-taker, aggressive,
fearless
Fragile, sensitive, emotional
Entitlements Financially independent Financially independent
How the society see it…

8. COMMON GENDER ISSUES
1) Violence – Any act that instills pain and fear to injure or abuse a person.
a. Domestic Violence – Occurs in forms like spousal abuse, child
abuse, elderly abuse or violence between siblings which may
done physically, sexually and mentally.
b. Sexual Harassment – Manifested as verbal, visual, gestural and
physical sexual harassment. It includes sexist remarks ,
propositions, coercive pressure for sexual activity and assault.

9. COMMON GENDER ISSUES
2) Marginalization – Social exclusion
a. Social Marginalization – People don’t have same social opportunities as
others.
Example: Non valuation of women’s work.
b. Economic Marginalization – People don’t have chances as others to
contribute to and benefit from the economy.
Example: Unequal pay for work of equal value.
c. Political Marginalization – Some individual or group are not able to
participate in the decision-making process.
Example: Decreased women participation in national development.

10. COMMON GENDER ISSUES
3) Subordination – The superiority and inferiority of sexes; usually
subordination by men of women.
Men Women
Strong
Leaders
First in line
Owners
Weak
Followers
Second class
Owned

11. COMMON GENDER ISSUES
4) Division of Labor – The designation of roles and tasks to men and
women base on sex.
Example: Serving, caring and house work for women and men
as providers, disciplinarians, and rule makers.
5) Gender Stereotyping – Fixed and oversimplified beliefs about the
ways in which men and women ought to behave.
Example: Women are fragile, emotional and dependent thus;
men is expected to be strong, fearless and must not cry.

12. GENDER & DEVELOPMENT
It seeks to achieve gender equality as a fundamental
value that should be reflected in development choices
and contends that women are active agents of
development, not just passive recipients of
development
It refers to the development perspective and process that is
participatory and empowering, equitable, sustainable, free from
violence, respectful of human rights, supportive of self-determination
and actualization of human potentials.

13. It refers to the principles asserting
the equality of women and men and
their right to enjoy equal conditions
realizing their full human potentials
to contribute to and benefit from
the results of development, and
with the State recognizing that all
human beings are free and equal in
dignity and rights.
Gender Equality

14. THE NINE TARGETS TO
CREATE ACTION FOR
GENDER EQUALITY
– The Global Goals for Sustainable Development

15. End Discrimination Against Women and
Girls
End all forms of discrimination against all women
and girls everywhere.
End All Violence Against and Exploitation of
Women and Girls
Eliminate all forms of violence against all women and
girls in the public and private spheres, including
trafficking and sexual and other types of exploitation.

16. Eliminate Forced Marriages and Genital
Mutilation
End all forms of discrimination against all women
and girls everywhere. Eliminate all harmful practices,
such as child, early and forced marriage and female
genital mutilation.
Value Unpaid Care and Promote Shared
Domestic Responsibilities
Recognize and value unpaid care and domestic work
through the provision of public services, infrastructure
and social protection policies and the promotion of
shared responsibility within the household and the
family as nationally appropriate.

17. Ensure Full Participation in Leadership and
Decision-Making
Ensure women’s full and effective participation and
equal opportunities for leadership at all levels of decision-
making in political, economic and public life.
Universal Access to Reproductive Health and
Rights
Ensure universal access to sexual and reproductive
health and reproductive rights as agreed in accordance
with the Programme of Action of the International
Conference on Population and Development and the
Beijing Platform for Action and the outcome documents of
their review conferences.

18. Equal Rights to Economic Resources, Property
Ownership and Financial Services
Undertake reforms to give women equal rights to
economic resources, as well as access to ownership and
control over land and other forms of property, financial
services, inheritance and natural resources, in
accordance with national laws.
Promote Empowerment of Women through
Technology
Enhance the use of enabling technology, in particular
information and communications technology, to promote
the empowerment of women.

19. Adopt and Strengthen Policies and
Enforceable Legislation for Gender Equality
Adopt and strengthen sound policies and enforceable
legislation for the promotion of gender equality and the
empowerment of all women and girls at all levels.

20. THANK YOU &
HAVE A GREAT
DAY!