Whitney Pitkanen, CALSTART Senior Project Manager, gave this presentation on behalf of the High-Efficiency Truck Users Forum (HTUF) Commercial Truck Action Group (CTAG) on July 15, 2014. In it, she gave an overview of the work HTUF and CALSTART is conducting with the NAFA Fleet Management Association on Sustainable Fleet Deployment Best Practices. Included are steps to a sustainable fleet, case studies, and advice on different alternative fuels and technologies that may be most cost-effective for unique fleet needs. The team is still accepting input on the DRAFT document, "Sustainable Fleet Deployment Best Practices Manual, A How-To Guide for Simple, Sustainable Fleet Planning." Contact CALSTART to give your own insights about your fleet's experiences or to ask questions. calstart@calstart.org Please put "Sustainable Fleet Manual Input" in the subject line of your email.

1. Fleet Sustainability Best
Practices Guide: A Preview
Whitney Pitkanen, CALSTART
Senior Project Manager
wpitkanen@calstart.org
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2. Feedback Requested
Please visit:
http://www.calstart.org/Libraries/Publications/Sustainable_Fleet_
Deployment_Best_Practices_Manual.sflb.ashx

3. There is no “Silver Bullet” – no single
technical or fuel solution exists today to
cover every vehicle, fleet or location
Introduction
Fleets need a “portfolio” of options
Not just about the environment…
Choosing the right technologies and deploying
them in a thoughtful way will Save Money and
Reduce your Fuel Volatility Risk

4. Steps to a More Sustainable Fleet
STEP 1: BASELINE YOUR FLEET
 KNOW YOUR VEHICLE AND ROUTE
PROFILES
STEP 2: KNOW YOUR OPTIONS
 USE EFFICIENCY MEASURES AS A
STARTING POINT
STEP 3: MATCH OPTIONS TO YOUR FLEET
 CHOOSE OPTIONS BASED ON DAILY
MILEAGE AND DRIVE CYCLE INTENSITY
STEP 4: OUTLINE YOUR PATHWAYS
 DEFINE TARGETS AND STRATEGIES
 GET MAXIMUM BENEFITS FROM ONLINE
TOOLS
STEP 5: PAY FOR YOUR PLAN
 BUSINESS CASE ANALYSIS
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5. Steps to a More Sustainable Fleet
Step 1: Baseline your fleet
 You need to know your starting point
 Keep it simple: Easiest way to do that is to
measure your yearly fuel burn - by vehicle
 Start by focusing on heaviest fuel users
 At later stages, or if you want to get more
sophisticated in future, it is also important to
know how vehicles are used (duty cycle; idle
time; gallons/day, seasonal effects)
 Doesn’t hurt to collect data on representative
types for future planning

6. Steps to a More Sustainable Fleet
Step 2: Know your options
 Reduce your fuel burn
 Increased efficiency: hybrids; advanced tech engines
 Eliminate idling (Start-Stop)
 Downsize vehicle engine or platform sizes where
possible
 Diversify your fuel mix
 Fuel switching: electricity, natural gas, biofuel blends
can be cheaper fuels
 Having a mix of fuels insulates you from price spikes
in any one fuel
 Change your operations
 Take vehicles off the road
 Dispatch best-suited vehicles to job

7. Steps to a More Sustainable Fleet
Step 3: Match your options to your
fleet mix, fleet geography,
operational profile
 Place the correct technology and fuel into the
best use in your fleet; fine tune your fleet
 Avoid putting Hybrid into higher speed routes
with limited stopping or idling
 Make sure EV’s get enough miles/year to deliver
a payback (without creating “range anxiety” for
drivers)
 Put CNG/LNG/LPG in high mileage routes
 E85 may be a great option in Midwest, propane
better in Texas, electric or natural gas in
California or New York – look for match with
growing infrastructure and production
 Be aware of regional air quality

8. Case Study: UPS
U.S. Alternative Fuel Vehicles Total: 1,424
Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) Vehicles: 933
(car group = count)
 P70C = 189 Package Cars
 P80C = 49 Package Cars
 P100C = 608 Package Cars
 P10CX = 50 Package Cars
 HSC = 37 Shifters
Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEV): 380
 P70H = 25 Package Cars
 P100H = 355 Package Cars
Electric Vehicles : 6
 P70E = 4 Package Cars
 P100E = 2 Package Cars
Propane Vehicles : 7
 HSP = 7 Shifters
Liquid Natural Gas (LNG) Vehicles : 93
 HTLG = 81 Tractors
 HTLGT = 12 Tandem Tractors
Hydraulic Hybrid Vehicles (HHV): 5
 P10HH = 5 Package Cars

9. Steps to a More Sustainable Fleet
Step 4: Outline your reduction plan
pathways over several years
 DEFINE TARGETS AND STRATEGIES
 identify “what” you are planning to achieve and “when”
 Then define an achievable plan to achieve those goals
 GET MAXIMUM BENEFITS FROM ONLINE TOOLS
 DOE offers a large collection of helpful online tools:
 Petroleum Reduction Planning Tool
 Vehicle Cost Calculator
 Alternative Fueling Station Locator
 Truck Stop Electrification Sites
 Light-Duty Vehicle Search
 Heavy-Duty Vehicle and Engine Search
U.S. DOE Alternative Fuels Data Center, Tools: http://www.afdc.energy.gov/tools

10. Case Study: Frito Lay
Source: Michael O’Connell, Frito-Lay, GTS 2013

11. Steps to a More Sustainable Fleet
Step 5: Pay for your Plan
 BUSINESS CASE ANALYSIS
 Prepare the financial analysis required to support your
company’s capital procurement and approval process
 Determine how many years it takes to recoup the initial
purchase investment through various operational savings and
assumptions about the availability of government subsidies (e.g.,
vehicle incentive vouchers), fuel prices, and vehicle usage
 LEVERAGE INCENTIVE FUNDING
 Grant funding can be used to bring down the lifecycle costs of
these vehicles so that they are competitive with conventional
fuel vehicles in any fleet
 US-DOE Clean Cities locations:
http://www1.eere.energy.gov/cleancities/

12. Feedback Requested
Please visit:
http://www.calstart.org/Libraries/Publications/Sustainable_Fleet_
Deployment_Best_Practices_Manual.sflb.ashx
wpitkanen@calstart.org

13. Mark Your Calendars!
2-Day Event with WG’s and Ride &
Drive
www.htuf2014.org

14. Thank You!
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