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Dr. PENG Lixin, Chief Technology Officer, Cummins China
1.
重型柴油车节能技术 彭立新
博士 首席技术官 康明斯东亚区 2012年10月 您可信赖的创新 Innovation You Can Depend On
2.
1.减排是柴油机技术发展的主要推动力
全球推动排放控制,二十年单机污染物排放减少量超过96% 欧 I 欧 II 欧 III 欧 IV 欧 V 欧 VI 15 1.5 欧VI将包含 WHTC 和对 氮氧化物 排放限值 (g/kWh) 颗粒物 排放限值(g/kWh) 颗粒物数量的排放要求 8 g 氮氧化物排放总量 10 进一步 1.0 55% ↓ 88% ↓ NOx 进一步 3.5 50 % ↓ 5 颗粒物排放总量 0.5 0.3g 94% ↓ 0.4 PM 0.02 0.01 0 0.0 1993 1998 2003 2008 2013 2018 年份 2
3.
1.减排是柴油机技术发展的主要推动力
发动机技术的升级使柴油机节能减排双重改善 60 自欧Ⅳ开始,由于后处理技术的应用,节能和减排的柴油 热效率 Brake Thermal Efficiency (%) 机技术再次统一起来,降低排放的同时显著改善油耗。 55 先进的电控和燃烧技术 50 在减低排放的同时改善 先进的后处理技术在排放 燃油效率 要求日益苛刻时进一步改 善燃油效率 45 发动机技术的进一步发展 将重点转向改善燃油效率, 排放控制指标不再加严 40 自2002年开始,EPA2004的苛刻 排放要求使燃油效率降低 35 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 3
4.
2.节能是未来技术发展的关键
整车节能是一个系统工程 燃油 降低碳的比重 发动机 提高效率 混合动力 热能回收 车辆 变速箱/轴/轮胎 空气动力 车队/用户 使用行为 载重/负荷率/行程 公路/设施 城市拥堵 速度和载重限制 4
5.
2.节能是未来技术发展的关键
卡车是降耗主体:美国能源部组织超级卡车项目 标准集装箱挂车 封闭 后箱 挂车 经空气动力学优化的挂车 尾板 间隔 整体式裙围 空气动力学的发展变革 超级卡车的诞生 依靠超级卡车所使用的技术,货物运输热效率将提升 50% 5
6.
2.节能是未来技术发展的关键
发动机是卡车降耗的重要一环 低碳燃油 混合动力 减少怠速 高效、清洁 低温后处理 燃烧 余热回收 6
7.
2.节能是未来技术发展的关键
高效清洁燃烧方案 HECCP (High 原机氮氧排放的控制: EGR+DOC+DPF Efficient Clean Combustion Program) 2. EGR, 燃烧系统优化,二级增压,高压喷射 Robustness remains 整 an issue for In-Cylinder 机 Nox Control 1. EGR, 燃烧系统优化,高压喷射 油 耗 3. 低耗EGR, 燃烧系统优化,二级增压 的 改 善 5. 其他 + 低速发动机 颗 4. 低耗/大流量EGR, 可变阀系 粒 排 放 的 改 善 发动机出口氮氧物排放 (g/hp-hr) 改善缸内燃烧过程,有效减低发动机出口氮氧物排放 Reference: Stanton, 2009 DEER Conference 7
8.
2.节能是未来技术发展的关键
高效清洁燃烧方案 HECCP (High 原机氮氧排放的控制: EGR+DOC+DPF Efficient Clean Combustion Program) DPF+SCR 整 2007 柴油机技术, 油耗 机 油 效率改善率 耗 13.5% - 16% 的 改 10.2% Improvement 善 效率改善率 0.2% In BTE 颗 粒 排 2007 柴油机技术, 颗粒 放 的 改 善 发动机出口氮氧物排放 (g/hp-hr) 改善缸内燃烧过程,有效减低发动机出口氮氧物排放 Reference: Stanton, 2009 DEER Conference 8
9.
余热回收: 利用排气和EGR余热驱动涡轮做功
动力涡轮输 出回收能量 EGR 控制系统 余热回收器替代EGR冷 却器,整合在EGR系统中 9
10.
美国重型商用车排放和油耗法规
美国法规推动技术的进步 NOx, PM CO2 & 燃油经济性 SCR 颗粒捕捉器 冷却型EGR 电控燃油系统 2014 2010 2017 中冷 1990 2000 2010 2020 10 1994 2002 2007 2013
11.
美国重型商用车排放和油耗法规
美国法规推动技术的进步 排放到油耗 NOx, PM CO2 & 燃油经济性 SCR 颗粒捕捉器 冷却型EGR 电控燃油系统 2014 2010 2017 中冷 1990 2000 2010 2020 11 1994 2002 2007 2013
12.
美国重型商用车温室气体排放法规 组合式牵引车
牵引车制造商负责认证车辆的空阻、 轴荷、轮胎、怠速及速度限制器 底盘制造商负责认证车辆的轮胎 专用车 发动机制造商负责认证发动机的 发动机 NOx,PM 及CO2 12
13.
中国重型商用车燃油消耗法规草案
• 基本车型 – 重型转鼓试验台 • 限值单位– L/100km,按GVW和用途分档,整车限值 • 扩展车型 – 重型转鼓试验台 或 软件模拟(实际的发 动机万有特性参数) • 转鼓试验测试循环 - C-WTVC(加速强度减弱的WTVC) 420PS E3 vs E4 Fuel MAP from XCEC 20090213 (E3-E4)/E3*100 2200 3.1 2.2 3.2 2000 2.0 4.7 3.0 1800 1.8 5.0 2.0 1600 6.5 6.2 8.0 4.0 7.0 6.5 1400 9.0 4.7 4.0 Torque(N.m) 1200 3.0 5.5 11.0 1.0 1000 6.0 5.5 10.0 800 5.0 4.0 7.0 3.0 3.0 600 1.0 0.0 2.0 -1.0 400 2.0 1.0 0.0 6.0 -2.0 -1.0 200 0 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 1600 1700 1800 1900 2000 Speed(RPM) 13
14.
中美油耗法规的对比
美国 中国 测试方法 克/吨-英里, 限值单位 升/100公里 CO2(克/马力小时) 检测时油耗 是 否 与排放挂钩 发动机万有 通用万有特性,作 实际万有特性,直接参 特性 参考用 加整车评定 发动机独立 有 无 限值 2014 2012.7(行业标准) 实施日期 2017 2013.7(国标)? 14
15.
谢谢! 15
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