Disaster
“A disaster can be defined as any occurrence that causes damage, ecological disruption, loss of human life, deterioration of health and health services on a scale, sufficient to warrant an extraordinary response from outside the affected community or area”.
(W.H.O.)
Disaster management
Disaster management can be defined as the effective organization, direction, and utilization of available counter-disaster resource.
B T Basavanthappa
Aim
• To provide prompt and effective medical care to the maximum possible in order to minimize morbidity and mortality.
Objectives
• To optimally prepare the staff and institutional resources for effective performance in disaster situation
• To make the community aware of the sequential steps that should be taken at individual and organization levels.
3. DISASTER
“A disaster can be defined as any occurrence that causes
damage, ecological disruption, loss of human life, deterioration of
health and health services on a scale, sufficient to warrant an
extraordinary response from outside the affected community or
area”.
(W.H.O.)
19. FACTORS AFFECTING DISASTER
Host factors
Age
Immunization status
Degree of mobility
Emotional stability
Environmental factors
Physical Factors
Chemical Factors
Biological Factors
Social Factors
Psychological Factors
20. CHARACTERISTICS OF DISASTER
Predictability
Controllability
Speed of onset
Length of forewarning
Duration of impact
Scope and intensity of impact
22. PRINCIPLES OF DISASTER MANAGEMENT
1. Disaster management is the responsibility of all spheres of government
2. Disaster management should use resources that exist for a day-to-day purpose.
3. Organizations should function as an extension of their core business
4. Individuals are responsible for their own safety.
5. Disaster management planning should focus on large-scale events.
6. Disaster management planning should recognize the difference between incidents and
disasters
7. Disaster management planning must take account of the type of physical environment and
the structure of the population.
8. Disaster management arrangements must recognise the involvement and potential role of
non- government agencies.
23. DISASTER-EFFECTS
Deaths
Disability
Increase in communicable disease
Psychological problems
Food shortage
Socioeconomic losses
Shortage of drugs and medical supplies.
Environmental disruption
24. POLICIES RELATED TO DISASTER
MANAGEMENT
1. “First come, first treated” principle will not be followed during emergencies.
2. Triage protocol
3. ABCDE care is provide
Airway
Breathing
Circulation
Disability limitation
Exposure / environmental control
25. BASIS OF TRIAGE ( IN MASS CASUALTY
INCIDENT)
Severity of injury
Number of injured
Available resources and
Survival chances of the victims
26. TRIAGE PROTOCOL/SYSTEM
a. Red: High priority for treatment & transfer
b. Yellow: Medium Priority
c. Green: Ambulatory patients
d. Black: Dead or Moribund patients
27. MANAGEMENT IN FIELD HOSPITAL
First aid
Emergency care of life threatening injuries
Initial care for non-life threatening injuries
28. PREVENTION OF BIG DISASTER
Prepare To Be Prepared
Be Informed
Get Supplies Ready
PPE
Communication
29. ROLE OF A NURSE IN DISASTER RESPONSE
Immediate post disaster intervention
Establish safety.
Medical Treatment & Nursing Care as Per Need
Utilization of Available Resources
Psychological Support
Life Saving Measures , First Aid
Evacuation & Supply - Shelter, Food, Water, Medicine,
Communication
30. Maintaining Public Moral
Voluntary Reception, Relatives Waiting Areas
Management of Infection Control
Re-riving post disaster stress.
Encourage ventilation.
Establishing outreach program to provide community support.
Referral services