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1. Public Health Nutrition
And Importance For Health Promotion
And Health Protection

2. Assessing Eating Behaviors
Assessing Eating Behaviors
 What drives us to eat?
What drives us to eat?
– Hunger
Hunger
– Appetite
Appetite
– Cultural and social meaning of food
Cultural and social meaning of food
– Habit or custom
Habit or custom
– Emotional Comfort
Emotional Comfort
– Convenience and advertising
Convenience and advertising
– Nutritional value
Nutritional value
– Social interactions
Social interactions

3. Eating for Health
Eating for Health
 Nutrition
Nutrition
– The science of the relationship between
The science of the relationship between
physiological functions and essential elements
physiological functions and essential elements
of food
of food
 Calorie
Calorie
– Unit of measure that indicates the amount of
Unit of measure that indicates the amount of
energy we obtain from a food
energy we obtain from a food

4. Status of Malnutrition
Status of Malnutrition
 Child malnutrition rates in Bangladesh are very high,
64% anemic among 6-23 mon
 Nearly one-half of all children below age 5 or 6 are
underweight or stunted.
 Millions of children and women suffer from one or
more forms of malnutrition
 One generation to the next as malnourished
mothers give birth to infants who struggle to
develop and thrive.
 Dietary habits and food practices to change!

5. Definition
Definition
Nutrition is the science of how the body
uses food., that studies the interactions
between living organisms and food.
Nutrition is defined as the food, we eat,
air we breathe, water we drink,
supplements we ingest, and all that we do
that literally “feeds” or nourishes the
body for its own health benefit.

6. Nutrients
Nutrients
An important aspect of nutrition is the daily
intake of nutrients.
Nutrients consist of various chemical
substances in the food that makes up each
person’s diet.
Many nutrients are essential for life, and an
adequate amount of nutrients in the diet is
necessary for providing energy, building and
maintaining body organs, and for various
metabolic processes.

7. Essential Nutrients
Essential Nutrients
Nutrients are essential to the human diet if
they meet two characteristics.
First, omitting the nutrient from the diet leads
to a nutritional deficiency and a decline in
some aspect of health.
Second, if the omitted nutrient is put back into
the diet, the symptoms of nutritional deficiency
will decline and the individual will return to
normal, barring any permanent damage caused
by its absence.

8. Nutrient Classification
Nutrient Classification
There are six major classes of nutrients found in
food:
carbohydrates,
proteins,
lipids (fats and oils),
vitamins (both fat-soluble and water-soluble),
minerals, and
Water.

10. Nutrient Classification
Nutrient Classification
Nutrients are grouped into :
Macronutrients are those which the body requires in
large amounts e.g. proteins, fats, carbohydrates, water .
These requirements are measured in grams.
Micronutrients are those which the body requires in
small amounts .These requirements are measured in
milligrams. (1/1000gm) and micrograms (1/10,00,000
gms) e.g. vitamins, minerals and antioxidants

11. Functional Classification of Nutrients
Functional Classification of Nutrients
Energy yielding Foods : foods rich in Carbohydrates
and fats such as cereals, sugar, and roots
Body building foods: Foods rich in protein such as
meat, liver, fish, milk and pulses
Protective foods: These are foods rich in proteins,
vitamins and minerals.They are fruits, green leafy
vegetables, liver, eggs, milk and fish

12. Restrict Availability of Less Healthy
Foods and Beverages in Public
ServiceVenues

13. Limit Advertisements of Less Healthy
Foods & Beverages

14. FACTORS AFFECTING NUTRITION
FACTORS AFFECTING NUTRITION
Age
Lifestyle
Food habits
Ethnicity, Culture, and Religious Practices
Other Factors
◦ Food preferences,
◦ Gender, Peer pressures,
◦ Stress, depression,
◦ and alcohol abuse,
◦ Medications, GI disorders

15. Food Choices VS Nutrition
Food Choices VS Nutrition
Personal preference
Habit
Ethnic heritage or tradition
Social interactions
Availability,
Convenience,
Economy

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Nutrients
 The food you eat is a source of
nutrients. Nutrients are defined as
the substances found in food that keep your
body functioning.
 Your body needs nutrients to…
 Fuel your energy.
 Help you grow.
 Repair itself.
 Maintain basic bodily functions.

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Balance is Key
These three are the framework of the Food Guide Pyramid:
 Balance - Eat foods from all groups of the Food Guide Pyramid.
 Variety - Eat different foods from each food group.
 Moderation - Eat more foods from the bottom of the pyramid, and
fewer and smaller portions of foods from the top of the pyramid.
For years, people held to the idea that there are “bad”
nutrients and “good” nutrients when, in fact, all nutrients play a
certain role in the body. Even those nutrients once considered
“bad” such as fats and carbohydrates perform vital functions in
the body and if one consumes too many “good” nutrients such as
vitamins or minerals there can be harmful results, as well.

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The 6 Essential Nutrients
 Water
 Carbohydrates
 Protein
 Fat
 Vitamins
 Minerals

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Water
 Did you know?
 1/2 to 3/4 of the human body consists of water!
 Functions in the Body:
 Water carries nutrients to your cells and carries waste
from your body.
 Regulates body temperature.
 Dissolves vitamins, minerals, amino acids and other
nutrients.
 Lubricates joints.
It is recommended that teens drink 6-8 glasses (8 fl.oz each) of water each day.
This is in addition to around 4 cups of water you get from food each day.

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Carbohydrates
 Food Sources:
 Pasta, breads, cereals, grains, rice, fruits,
milk, yogurt and sweets.
 Two types of Carbohydrates:
 Starches or Complex Carbohydrates
 Simple Carbohydrates
Carbohydrates are the body’s main source of energy
and provide the body’s need for dietary fiber.

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Simple Carbohydrates
 Food Sources:
 Fruits, juices, milk, and yogurt.
 Candy, soda, and jelly.
• These simple carbohydrates have a bad reputation
because they are high in calories and low in
nutritional value.

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Starches or
Complex Carbohydrates
 Food Sources:
 Whole grain breads and cereals,
pasta, vegetables, rice, tortilla
and legumes.
 Function in the Body:
 An excellent source of fuel (energy)
for the body.
 Rich in vitamins, minerals and fiber.

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Proteins
 Food Sources:
 Meat, fish,eggs, poultry, dairy products,
legumes, nuts and seeds. (Breads, cereals and
vegetables also contain small amounts of protein.)
 Function in the Body:
 Provides energy.
 Help to build, maintain, and repair body tissues.
 Proteins are made up of chemical compounds
called amino acids. There are 20 amino acids.

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Fat
- The most concentrated form of food energy (calories).
 Food Sources:
 Butter, vegetable oils, salad dressings, nuts and
seeds, dairy products made with whole milk
or cream, and meats.
 Function in the Body:
 Provide substances needed for growth and healthy skin.
 Enhance the taste and texture of food.
 Required to carry “fat-soluble”
vitamins throughout the body.
 Provide energy.

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Types of Fat
 Saturated Fat:
 Fats that are usually solid at room temperature.
 Food Sources: Animal foods and tropical oils.
 The type of fat most strongly linked to high cholesterol and
increased risk of heart disease.
 Unsaturated Fat:
 Fats that are liquid at room temperature.
 Polyunsaturated Fat:
• Food Sources: Vegetables and fish oils.
• Provide two essential fatty acids necessary for bodily functions.
 Monounsaturated Fat:
• Food Sources: Olive oil, canola oil, nuts, seeds.
• May play a role in reducing the risk of heart disease.

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Cholesterol
- A fat-like substance that is part of every cell of the body.
 Function in the Body:
 Helps the body make necessary cells including skin,
and hormones.
 Aids in digestion.
 The human body manufactures all the cholesterol it
needs. You also get cholesterol from animal food
products you eat.
 When cholesterol levels are high
there is a greater risk for heart disease.
 Do you know what the healthy cholesterol
range is for teens your age?

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Vitamin A
 Food Sources:
 Dark green, leafy vegetables, deep yellow
and orange fruits and vegetables, liver, milk,
cheese, and eggs.
 Function in the Body:
 Helps keep skin and hair healthy.
 Aids in night vision.
 Plays a role in developing
strong bones and teeth.

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Vitamin D
 Food Sources:
 Vitamin D fortified milk, egg yolk, salmon,
and liver.
 Nonfood Source: the sun.
 Function in the Body:
 Helps the body use calcium and phosphorus.
 Plays a role in building strong bones
and teeth.

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Vitamin C
 Food Sources:
 Citrus fruits, strawberries, kiwi,
broccoli, tomatoes, and potatoes.
 Function in the Body:
 Helps heal wounds.
 Helps maintain healthy bones,
teeth, and blood vessels.
 Helps body fight infection.

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Nutrient Deficiency
 A nutritional deficiency occurs when your
body doesn’t get enough nutrients.
 Symptoms:
 At first the symptoms may not seem serious. They may
include: tiredness, difficulty sleeping or concentrating,
frequent colds, and weight loss or gains.
 However, if the deficiency is not corrected the
symptoms may get more serious and effect the skin,
eyes, and bones.
 The best way to avoid a nutrient deficiency is
to eat a well balanced diet.

31. 31
Food Security Indicators: 2010 –
2013

32. Diet, Obesity
and diseases

33. Food Choices VS Nutrition
Food Choices VS Nutrition
Personal preference
Habit
Ethnic heritage or tradition
Social interactions
Availability,
Convenience,
Economy

34. Balanced Diet = Healthy life
Balanced Diet = Healthy life

35. Exercise: Food Ratio
Hello Friends:
When someone asks me
what exercises they
should do for weight loss,
I instead immediately
ask, “How is your diet?”
Nutrition and diet is by far
the #1 cause for weight
gain and loss. Once
proper diet and nutrition
is in place, THEN add
exercise and activity into
your routine.

36. What Can be done? The NEXT
What Can be done? The NEXT
Steps
Steps
Know your nutrition practices & diet habit
List down in paper and THINK….
“How is your diet?”
Planning for proper diet and nutrition
Organize home/cook to follow rules
Plan for exercise with MATH
No tricks, no magic, no crazy diets
and drugs. Just math.

37. Figure 9.7
The MyPyramid Plan
The MyPyramid Plan

38. Dr. Nizam Uddin Ahmed
CEO
East West Medical Group and
Ethics Advanced Technology Ltd
Faculty, North South University
Email: nizam1016@gmail.com