1. INTRODUCTION
The Invention of the microprocessor has had a
profound impact on many aspects of our lives,
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2. SYSTEM BLOCK DIAGRAM
 Any microprocessor based system must of necessary,
have some standard element such as memory, timing
and I/O devices
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6. PENTIUM FEATURES
1.Wider Data Bus Width
(64 Bits  Improver the data transfer rate)
2. Fast Flouting Point Unit
(Fastest algorithms provide up to 10 times speed-up)
3. Improved Cache Structure
(Separate code and data caches integrated on-chip)
(Each cache is 8 Kbyte size with 32byte line size)
(It is two way set associative)
(Each cache has dedicated TLB to translate linear
addresses to psychical addresses)
4. Dual Integer Processor
(It allows execution of two instructions per clock)
5. Branch Prediction Logic
(To check whether a branch will be valid or not)
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7. PENTIUM FEATURES
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27. II-BUS OPERATIONS:
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32. NON-PIPELINED READ/WRITE CYCLE
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33. PIPELINED READ/WRITE CYCLE
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34. BURST READ CYCLE
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35. LOCK OPERATION
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36. INTERRUPT ACKNOWLEDGE
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37. INTERRUPT ACKNOWLEDGE
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Textbooks:
1. Yu-Cheng Liu, Glenn A.Gibson, “Microcomputer Systems: The 8086 /
8088 Family - Architecture, Programming and Design”, Second
Edition, Prentice Hall of India, 2007.
2. Mohamed Ali Mazidi, Janice Gillispie Mazidi, Rolin McKinlay, “The
8051 Microcontroller and Embedded Systems: Using Assembly and
C”, Second Edition, Pearson Education, 2011.