1. SINGLE-STRANDED, DNA, NON ENVELOPED VIRUSES
Viral family Important genera Diseases Transmission Diagnosis
Parvoviridae
• Human parvovirus
B-19
• Exanthema in children
(Fifth disease)
• Haemolytic crisis in
people
With sickle cell disease
• Serology,
• PCR
• Can not be
cultivated in
typical lab. C.C
DOUBLE-STRANDED DNA, ICOSAHEDRAL, NON ENVELOPED VIRUSES
Viral family Important genera Diseases Transmission Diagnosis
Adenoviridae • Mastadenovirus
• Respiratory infections
in humans (cold)
• Gastrointestinal-
Infantile diarrhea
• Eye infections
keratoconjunctivitis
• Aerosolized
droplet/airborne
• Cell culture
Papoviridae
• Papillomavirus
(human wart
virus)
• Induce tumors
• Cause cancer in
animals.
• Direct contact
• Sexual contact
for genital warts
• Can not grow in C.C
• Polyomavirus

2. DOUBLE-STRANDED DNA, COMPLEX ENVELOPED VIRUSES
Viral family Important genera Diseases Transmission Diagnosis
Poxviridae
• Orthopoxvirus
• Smallpox
• Cow pox
 Abrasions, aerosol
• Molluscipoxvirus • Monkey pox
 Fomites
 Direct contact with
wound
Herpesviridae
• Simplexvirus
(HHV1)
• Acute Gingivostomatitis
• Herpes labialis (cold
sore)
• Skin infection
• Herpetic Keratitis
• Herpes Encephalitis
• Neonatal herpes ( during
passage through birth
canal)
• Contact with
Cold sores, saliva
in or around the
mouth and lips.
• Oral sex
• Laboratory Diagnosis
• Specimen: vesicular
fluid, swab from base of
the ulcer.
• Immunofluorescence of
skin scrapings - can
distinguish between HSV
and VZV
• Virus isolation… rabbit
• Serology, ELISA
• PCR
• Electron microscope
• Simplexvirus
(HHV 2)
Genital herpes
Neonatal herpes(virus
crosses placental berrier)
Sexual contact
• Varicella-zoster
virus (HHV 3)
• Varicella
(chickenpox)
 Encephalitis
 Pneumonia
 Reye's syndrome.
 Neonatal varicella
• Zoster (shingella)
 Vesicular rash along
the affected cutaneous
sensory nerves
Via respiratory
route

3. • Epstein-Barr
virus (EBV),
HHV 4)
• Infectious
mononucleosis
• Fever
• Sore throat
• Swollen lymph nodes
• Of rare death is rupture
of enlarged spleen.
Saliva (kissing )
Very rarely through
blood transfusions.
• Increased WBCs
• PCR
• Humoral immune
response, called the
heterophile response, is the
basis for the serologic
tests used to screen for
infectious mononucleosis
• Heterophyl antibody test
[monospot test]).
• Rapid slide agglutination
test.
• A fluorescent- antibody
test that detect igm
antibodies against eb virus
is the most specific
diagnostic method.
• Cytomegalovirus
(HHV 5),
(CMV)
• CNS abnormalities -
microcephaly, mental
retardation,
• Eye - optic atrophy
• Ear - deafness
• Liver -
hepatosplenomegaly
and jaundice which is
due to hepatitis.
• Lung - pneumonitis
• Heart - myocarditis
• Thrombocytopenic
purpura, Haemolytic
anaemia
• Utero,
perinatally, or
postnatally.
• Sexual
transmission
• Blood and blood
products
• Organ transplant
• Detection of intranuclear
cytomegalic inclusions
(owl eye’s) in tissues, or
desquamated cells in
urine.
• PCR
• Isolation of virus

4.  Roseolovirus
(HHV 6)
• HHV 7
(T-lymphotropic
virus)
• Kaposi's
sarcoma (HHV
8)
Hepadnaviridae
• Hepadnavirus
(Hepatitis B
virus)
• Hepatitis B
• Liver cancer
• Loss of appetite
• Fever joint pains
• Jaundice.
• Blood, and
body fluids.

5. SINGLE-STRANDED RNA, + STRAND,
ICOSAHEDRA, NON ENVELOPED
Viral family Important genera Diseases Transmission Diagnosis
Picornaviridae
• Enterovirus
• Respiratory. Or
fecal-oral
• Rhinovirus • Common cold
• 3- Hepatitis A
virus • Hepatitis a
• Serology, by finding IgM
anti -HAV
Caliciviridae
• Hepatitis E virus • Hepatitis E
• Norovirus • Gastroenteritis
• Can not be cultivated in
C.C
Single-stranded RNA, + strand, ENVELOPED
Viral family Important genera Diseases Transmission Diagnosis
Togaviridae
• Alpha virus
• Eastern equine encephalitis
• Western equine
encephalitis
• Arthropods
• Rubi virus
• Rubella
• German measles
• Respiratory
route

6. Viral family
Important
genera
Diseases Transmission Diagnosis
Flaviviridae
• Flavivirus
• Yellow fever
• Dengue
• SLE,
• Viral encephalitis
• 2- Hepatitis
C virus • Cirrhosis or cancer • Blood or body
fluids
• Serology
• Test for anti-
HCV
• PESTIVIRUS
• Coronaviridae
• Coronavirus
• Upper respiratory tract
diseases
• Common cold
• Middle East Respiratory
Syndrome (MERS)
• PCR
• Serology
SINGLE-STRANDED RNA, – STRAND, ENVELOPED
Viral family Important genera Diseases Transmission Diagnosis
Rhabdoviridae
• Vesiculovirus • Causes diseases in animals
• Lyssavirus • Rabies

7. • Filoviridae
• Filovirus • Ebola
• Marburg
Paramyxoviridae
• Paramyxovirus
• Parainfluenza
• Mumps
• Newcastle disease
• Morbillivirus
• Measles
Bunyaviridae
• Bunyavirus
• California encephalitis
virus
• Hantavirus
• Crimean-Congo
hemorrhagic fever
• Rift Valley fever
• Either touching
infected animal
blood,
• Breathing in the
air around an
infected animal
being butchered,
• Drinking raw
milk from an
infected animal
• The bite of
infected
mosquitoes.
Deltaviridae • Hepatitis D
• Depends on coinfection
with Hepadnavirus
Orthomyxoviridae
• Influenzavirus
• A and B)
• Influenza C
virus
• Envelope spikes can
agglutinate RBCs

8. Arenaviridae • Arenavirus
• Lymphocytic
choriomeningitis
• Venezuelan hemorrhagic
fever
• Lassa fever
SINGLE-STRANDED RNA, TWO RNA STRANDS,
PRODUCE DNA
Viral family Important genera Diseases Transmission Diagnosis
Retroviridae
(Use reverse
transcriptase to produce
DNA from viral genome
Includes all RNA tumor
viruses)
• Lentivirus
(HIV) • HIV
• Oncogenic
viruses
• Leukemia and tumors in
animals
DOUBLE-STRANDED RNA, NON ENVELOPED
Viral family Important genera Diseases Transmission Diagnosis
Reoviridae
• Reovirus
• Mild respiratory
infections
• Gastroenteritis
• Colorado tick
fever • Colorado tick fever