1. Infection control in Intensive
Care Unit
Prepared by Supervisor PhDs :Zahad Jassem
Karrar Najah
Lowy Abd Almansor
Ali Hassen
Othman Turkey

2. ICU: Intensive care unit.
• designated area of a hospital
facility that is dedicated to the
care of patients who are
seriously ill.

3. ICU
• ICU nurses monitoring patients from a central computer station.
• allows for rapid intervention for a patient's condition deteriorate.
member of staff is not immediately at the bedside

4. Intensive Monitoring Is Generally
Required In The Following Cases:
1. Cranial neurosurgery
2. Head injuries with airway obstruction
3. Respiratory depression or oxygen
saturation <80%
4. Intubated patients, including tracheostomy
5. After surgery for major trauma

5. Common infections in ICU
1. Ventilator associated pneumonia (VAP)
2. Urinary tract infections (UTIs)
3. Blood Stream Infections (BSIs)
4. Surgical Site Infections (SSIs)

6. Factors contributing to infection in ICU
• 1. Mechanical ventilation
•2. Indwelling catheters
•3. Drugs such as steroids
•4. Prolong staying > 3 days
•5. Malnutrition
•6. Age

7. Discharging The ICU
1. Conscious
2. Good airway, extubated and stable for several hours
3. Breathing comfortably
4. Stable blood pressure and urine output.
5. Haemoglobin >6 g/dl or blood transfusion in
progress
6. Minimal nasogastric drainage and has bowel sounds,

8. Equipment for the ICU
BED
ICU BEDSIDE
MONITORS
VENTILATOR
RESUSCITATOR BAG
SYRINGE DRIVER /
SYRINGE PUMP
SEQUENTIAL
COMPRESSION DEVICES
INDWELLING
URINARY CATHETER
(IDC)

9. ICU Equipment
• Beds.
• ICU Bedside Monitors.
• Ventilator.
• Endotracheal Tube (ETT or Breathing Tube)
• I.V Infusion Pump. ...
• Syringe Driver / Syringe Pump.
• Nasogastric Tubes (NG Tube)
• Indwelling Urinary Catheter
• BLOOD PRESSURE CUFF
• Saturation Monitor (Pulse Oximeter)
• ICU BEDSIDE MONITORS
• Shock drugs (adrenalin, atropine, dopamine,… ) and anaesthetics

10. ICU nurses role in the patient care
1. Apply infection control measures to minimize the spread of infection
2. Monitoring and recording vital signs
3. Administering medications (antibiotics and anesthetics) as prescribed
4. Monitoring signs of infections and making interventions
5. Bedding and changing patient’s position every two hours
6. Daily caring and hygiene for the patient's mouth and nose and suctioning of
secretions
7. to reduce the multiplication of microbes.
8. Assistance in placing endotracheal tube or tracheostomy
9. Monitoring ABGs and laboratory studies
10. Physiotherapy and rehabilitation to prevent muscle atrophy

11. Standard Precautions
1. Hand hygiene.
2. Use of personal protective equipment (e.g.,
gloves, masks, eyewear)
3. Respiratory hygiene / cough etiquette.
4. Sharps safety (engineering and work practice
controls
5. Safe injection practices (aseptic technique for
parenteral medications).
6. Sterile instruments and devices.
7. Clean and disinfected environmental surfaces.

12. Principles Guide The Use Of Personal Protective
Equipment:
1. Important to use personal protective equipment effectively,
correctly, and at all times where contact with patient’s blood, body
fluids, excretions and secretions.
2. Avoid any contact between contaminated (used) personal
protective equipment and surfaces.
3. Discard the used personal protective equipment in appropriate
disposal bags
4. Do not share personal protective equipment.
5. Change personal protective equipment completely and wash hands
each time you leave a patient to attend to another patient

13. Infections control problems encounter in ICU
1. Not all personnel in the care unit wear PPE
2. Not having a sharp box at every bed
3. Improper sterilization of used tools
4. Wrong disposal of single-use PPE
5. Providing care for more than one patient with the same personal
protective equipment

14. Recommendations For Reduce Infections In
ICU
1. All ICU personnel wear personal protective equipment to prevent
infection
2. Hand washing before any intervention with the patient
3. Use Sharp Box at each patient to get rid of sharp tools
4. Destroy the PPE properly and do not share it with others
5. Use of well-marked surgical instruments when performing a surgical
intervention