The laboratory method involves students learning through hands-on experimentation individually or in small groups. It is based on the principles of learning by doing and observing, and proceeding from concrete to abstract concepts. This method was pioneered by Francis Bacon in the early chemical laboratories and later expanded to other sciences. There are different types of laboratory methods based on how students conduct experiments, such as the multiple group system where students work in groups or the individual system where students work alone. Providing clear instructions to students through manuals, guides, and instruction cards is important for effective implementation of the laboratory method.

1. LABORATORY METHOD
DR. C. BEULAH JAYARANI
M.Sc., M.A, M.Ed, M.Phil (Edn), M.Phil (ZOO), NET, Ph.D
ASST. PROFESSOR,
LOYOLA COLLEGE OF EDUCATION, CHENNAI - 34
UNIT - IV
B.Ed - TNTEU

2. WHAT is LABORATORY METHODs?
Laboratory
method leads the
students to the
facts.
It is based on the
principal of learning by
doing, learning by
observation and
proceeding from
concrete to abstract.
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Students do
experiment individually
or in small group

3. LABORATORY METHOD
 Learner – centred method
 Different from the demonstration method
 Learning by Doing
 Used to prove the theories in lessons
 Develops skill of drawing, computation, manipulation, scientific
interest
 Promotes accurate observation & paper recording
 Verification of facts & principles
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4. HisTORY BEHiND
• Till 1000 AD Laboratories were not given importance
• FATHER OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH: FRANCIS BACON
• Firstly chemical laboratories were developed
• Later it got flourished in school curriculum
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5. DEVELOPMENT OF LABORATORiEs
 Came into existence during the period of Francis Bacon
 Used mainly in the period of Gilbert
 In beginning, chemistry labs were introduced and later labs for
other sciences started
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6. OBJECTiVEs
• To develop the skill of drawing
• To develop scientific attitude
• To develop and maintain interest in science
• To promote accurate observations and recordings
• To verify facts and principle
• To develop the skill of computation & manipulative
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7. AiMs AND PROCEDUREs
 Experiments must stimulate scientific thinking
 Experiments must cater to individual
requirements
 Teacher must be a facilitator and guide
 All apparatus must be ready in advance
 Difficult experiments must be repeated
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8. TYPEs OF LABORATORY METHOD
Laboratory setup (lab work)
 Classroom setup (demonstration)
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9. OTHER TYPEs (BAsED ON APPARATUs UsAgE)
• Multiple or group system
• Individual system
Even front system
Rotation method
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10. CATEgORiZATiON OF LABORATORY METHOD
Multiple / Group Systems
Individual Systems
Even Front Systems
Rotation Method
Laboratory Methods
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11. TYPEs OF LABORATORY METHODs
1.MULTiPLE OR gROUP sYsTEM:
In this system students do the experiments in groups. Arrangement will be
made in the laboratory in such a way that the students, in groups, do the
experiments.
2.iNDiViDUAL LABORATORY sYsTEM:
This method is divided into two.
a.Even front system:
This is a system in which all the students will be doing the same
experiment simultaneously and individually
b. Rotation method:
Different experiments as per the syllabus are arranged and the
students are asked to do the experiment .
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12. iNsTRUCTiONs FOR sTUDENTs
 Laboratory Manual
 Laboratory Instructions
 Instruction Cards
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13. iNsTRUCTiON FOR THE sTUDENTs
The instructions are given in three different forms
1.Laboratory manuals:
It is useful to the new teachers in doing the experiment.
These manual contain the correct result of the experiments so that
time is not wasted.
2.Laboratory instruction:
They are useful to the students when they do experiments in
laboratory. this will contain the procedure for doing the experiment
in brief and order. This will contain the precautions to be taken,
method of observation recording, calculation.
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14. 3.iNsTRUCTiON CARDs:
The cards are 15cm*10cm.one card will be used for one
experiment. Instruction card will have the following
information.
a. Experiment number
b. Aim of the experiment
c. Apparatus required
d. Procedure
e. Precautions to be taken
f. Tabular column to be adopted
h. Conclusion
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15.  Widens student interest
 Students use various tools and equipment
 Provides favourable professional environment
 Encourages collaboration
 Proves and verifies theories
 Promotes student curiosity and higher level thinking and reasoning
 Teaches the various techniques of research tabulation and observation
 Provides a feeling of achievement
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16. CONT.,
• Students learn by doing
• Develops the observation and reasoning skill in them
• Develops scientific attitude
• Leads to basic understanding of what research work is?
• Help them to solve real life problems
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17. DEMERiTs
• 1. It is very difficult for the teacher to supervise the laboratory work
• 2. It is not possible to dictate procedure for all the experiments at the
same time
• 3. Duration for the experiment cannot be fixed because it differs from
experiment to experiment.
• 4. Maintenance and care needed all the time
• 5. Mishandling leads to mishaps
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18. REFERENCE
“Teaching of Biological Science”
TNTEU – Study Material
Ram Publications
Sri Krishna Publications
Kaviyamala Publications
Google Images
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