It talks about what is artificial intelligence, Comparisons between human and computer intelligence, definition, application, programmes, AI & learning, advantages and limitations.

1. DR. C. BEULAH JAYARANI
M.Sc., M.A, M.Ed, M.Phil (Edn), M.Phil (ZOO), NET, Ph.D
ASST. PROFESSOR,
LOYOLA COLLEGE OF EDUCATION, CHENNAI - 34
Artificial intelligence ( AI )

2. INTRODUCTION
• Computers are fundamentally well suited
to performing mechanical computations,
using fixed programmed rules. Artificial
machines perform simple monotonous tasks
efficiently and reliably, which humans are ill-
suited to.
• For more complex problems, things get more
difficult... Unlike humans, computers have
trouble understanding specific situations,
and adapting to new situations. Artificial
Intelligence aims to improve machine
behavior in tackling such complex tasks
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3. HUMAN INTELLIGENCE
✓Humans have the same
intellectual mechanisms and that
differences in intelligence are
related to ‘quantitative
biochemical and physiological
conditions
COMPUTER INTELLIGENCE
• Computer programs have plenty
of speed and memory but their
abilities correspond to the
intellectual mechanisms that
program designers understand
well enough to put in programs
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Comparisons between human and
computer intelligence

4. Comparisons between human and
computer intelligence
• Whenever people do better than
computers on some task /
computers use a lot of
computation to do as well as
people, this demonstrates that
the program designers lack
understanding of the intellectual
mechanisms required to do the
task efficiently.
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5. CONTD.,
• Humans have an interesting
approach to problem-solving,
based on abstract thought,
high-level deliberative
reasoning and pattern
recognition.
• AI research is allowing us to
understand our intelligent
behavior.
• Artificial Intelligence can help us
understand this process by
recreating it, then potentially
enabling us to enhance it beyond our
current capabilities
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6. Definition
Artificial intelligence ( AI ) is
the intelligence of machines
and the branch of computer
science which aims to create
it.
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7. Applications
• Game playing: there is some AI in them and
they play well against people
• Speech recognition: instruct some
computers using speech
• Understanding natural language: the
computer has to be provided with a
understanding of the domain the text is
about, and this is presently possible only
for very limited domains.
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8. cont., Applications
• Expert systems: one of the first expert systems was
MYCIN in 1974, which diagnosed bacterial infections of the
blood and suggested treatments . it did better than
medical students or practicing doctors, provided its
limitations were observed . the usefulness of current
expert systems depends on their users having common
sense
• Modeling human performance
• Planning & robotics
• Languages & environments for AI
• Machine learning
• Al & philosophy
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9. Contd.,
• Finance : Banking organize operations,
invest in stocks, and manage properties.
In August 2001, robots beat humans in a
simulated financial trading competition.
Some other applications in this section
include loan investigation, ATM design,
safe and fast banking etc
• Medicine: A medical clinic can use AI
systems to organize bed schedules, make
a staff rotation, and provide medical
information. AI has also application in
fields of cardiology
• Heavy Industries : Huge machines involve
risk in their manual maintenance and
working. So in becomes necessary part
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10. Contd.,
• AI Military Systems Used Effectively in DESERT STORM Used in
missile systems, heads-up-displays, etc. AI truly put to the test
• Applications of AI Military “Smart bombs” Guided by remote
control camera systems directed to the intended target Unmanned
drone aircraft Missiles fly military missions and launch weapons
from a distance Decoding of enemy secret codes Rapid
translation of foreign language.
• Science Development of new drugs Model clinical studies in
animals and humans
• Remote controlled surgical procedures Uses robotics and
computer-based optical systems Can be performed half-way
around the world
• Advanced weather modeling Doppler Radar Looks at trends
and past models to predict weather patterns
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11. programming languages used to
develop AI
• - Lisp
• - Python
• - Prolog
• - Java
• - C ++
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12. Artificial intelligence and Learning
• Using Artificial intelligence ( AI ) help instructional designers to provide
creative solutions , problem solving strategies and more interactivity
in the learning .
• For example , Games :
• The games provide interactive learning environment for learners .
• The intelligence is necessary in computer games when players are
competing against other characters which are played by the computer.
• Most people enjoy playing against other people rather than a machine
because other people can provide variable, random and sometimes
unpredictable responses and behaviors, whereas simply programmed
machines will always respond the same way, in predictable ways that mean
a player only has to remember the few basic responses possible, and
respond to them in order to complete the level
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13. Advantage
• It can help improve our way of life
• Machines will be able to do jobs that
require detailed instructions
• Mental alertness and decision making
capabilities
• Use robots for heavy construction,
military benefits, or even for personal
assistance at private homes
• There will be less injuries and stress
to human beings
• Many of our health problems now have
possible solutions with the use of
artificial intelligence in studies at
universities.
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14. Cont., Advantage
• scientists have been using
AI to test theories and
notions about how our
brains work
• AI opens up new and
exciting avenues for
entertainment possibilities.
• AI also makes interactive
electronic games more fun
by making the computer
controlled characters more
realistic and human - like .
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15. Limitations
• To date, all the traits of human
intelligence have not been captured
and applied together to spawn an
intelligent artificial creature
• Currently, Artificial Intelligence rather
seems to focus on lucrative domain
specific applications, which do not
necessarily require the full extent of
AI capabilities.
• There is little doubt among the
community that artificial machines will
be capable of intelligent thought in the
near future.
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16. Contd.,
• There are many different approaches to
Artificial Intelligence. Some are obviously
more suited than others in some cases.
Over the past five decades, AI research has
mostly been focusing on solving specific
problems. Numerous solutions have been
devised and improved to do so efficiently
and reliably.
• This explains why the field of Artificial
Intelligence is split into many branches,
ranging from Pattern Recognition to
Artificial Life, including Evolutionary
Computation and Planning
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17. CONCLUSION
• The ultimate goal of institutions
and scientists working on AI is
to solve majority of the
problems or to achieve the
tasks which we humans directly
can’t accomplish.
• It is for sure that development
in this field of computer science
will change the complete
scenario of the world.
• Now it is the responsibility of
creamy layer of engineers to
develop this field.
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18. references
✓http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Computer_Science:Artificial_Intelli
gence
✓http://www.howstuffworks.com/arificialintelligence
✓http:// www.google.co.in
✓http://machineslikeus.com/news/whatever-happened-artificial-
intelligence
✓http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artificial_intelligence
✓http://www.6moo7.com/VB/showthread.php?t=18346
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