1. From silver bullets to silver buckets:
comparing transitions toward e-
mobility to achieve climate-neutral
transport
Comparative Legal Perspectives on New Mobility Paradigms
Trento, Nov. 26, 2021
Helmut Esteban & Dr. Begoña Otero

2. Setting the Scene: Where do we
come from?
International Arena - ”E-Mobility
can help saving the Planet”
1997
Committing industrialized
countries to limit and reduce GHG
emissions
2015
Paris Declaration on Electro-
Mobility and Climate Change
•Min 20% all transport globally be
“electrically driven” by 2030
•Climate neutral transport by 2050
2021
Glasgow Declaration
•100% ZEHV by 2035 leading markets
and 2040 globally

3. Policy reactions: Looking at
the end line but missing the in
between?
• Incentives
• Funding, subsidies
• Taxation
• Increase of patents related to EV
• Bans on technologies: ICEs – new vehicles sales
• Legislation (EU, US) 2035
• Declarations (China)
• Gradual tightening of fuel economy and tailpipe
CO2
• EU – CO2 emissions regulation
• China’s New Energy Vehicles mandate
• California ZEV mandate

4. Some facts
• Electrification of road transport
accelerates, but at different speeds
• While OEMs have made big
investments in R&D and
manufacturing, the automotive supply
chain is need of a full transition plan
• Electrification of road transport will
disrupt beyond automotive sector

5. Bottlenecks in the
transition
• The “electric car problem”
• Technology neutrality and
innovation at risk with tech bans
• Still not a human-centered
transition – dystopian reactions
• Infrastructure, ”e-”fuels, batteries
• Lack of a global (industrial) policy
approach

6. Transition Bottelnecks
1
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2
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unique zing and appeal to your Presentations.
3
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4
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Lore Ipsum

7. Preliminary Expectations
You can simply impress your audience and
add a unique zing and appeal to your
Presentations.
Your Text Here
You can simply impress your audience and
add a unique zing and appeal to your
Presentations.
Your Text Here
You can simply impress your audience and
add a unique zing and appeal to your
Presentations.
Your Text Here
You can simply impress your audience and
add a unique zing and appeal to your
Presentations.
Your Text Here

8. Notas de domingo
• 1El por qué el paper?
• Paris - declaración para mejorar el planeta
• 2015 a 2018- de cambio de fomentar a eléctrico a prohibir combustión – EU, CN ejemplos
• Diferencias clave a nivel público: regiones deciden prohibir ICE; otras no (US); otras no
pueden asumir electrificación (autonomía regulatoria, Norte-Sur)
• Sector privado: big OEMS estrategia de electrificación total; otras no
• 2Conflictos y bottlenecks: electrificación sí, pero el cómo de la transición es clave – parque
automovilístico predicción
• 3En qué consiste? (mapping del paper visual)
• Políticas: Análisis comparativo del marco politico y normativo internacional
• Public purpose and mission oriented policy – e-mobility como ejemplo
• Tech y transición: Transición sostenible? Baneo, tech neutrality, tech rediness
• Sociedad: Concepto de movilidad nuevo?
• 4Expectativas

9. How do we all transition to e-mobility?
Public Policy
• Industrial Policy
• Incentives
• Legal bans on
technologies
Technology
• Neutrality
• Ready to
disseminate
• AI and data
• Public data for
mobility services
• Infrastructure
• E-fuels
Society
• Concept of
mobility
• Behavior change

10. Reward
Punishment
market
E.g., Green
Taxation,
State Aid
Transition to
E-mobility
E.g., Torts,
Criminal, Adm.
Sanctions
Competition Law
Exceptions
Competition Law
Infringements
Unsustainable
conduct
Sustainable
innovation
Unsustainable
conduct
Sustainable
innovation
Reward
Punishment
state

11. • https://theicct.org/ldv-ice-global-phase-out-map
• IEA, Global EV stock by mode in the Stated Policies Scenario, 2020-
2030, IEA, Paris https://www.iea.org/data-and-
statistics/charts/global-ev-stock-by-mode-in-the-stated-policies-
scenario-2020-2030
• https://memegenerator.net/X-X-Everywhere