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Open Textbooks
Access, Affordability, and Academic Success
The Open University, 9 January 2018
Beck Pitt, IET/LTI: @BeckPitt
Rob Farrow, IET/LTI: @philosopher1978
By David Ernst and modified by Beck Pitt & Vivien Rolfe as part of the UK Open Textbooks project. This work is licensed
under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
“…higher education
shall be equally
accessible to all”
20%
of all UK students who start a
degree course will not
complete it.
https://www.hesa.ac.uk/data-and-analysis/performance-indicators/non-continuation-summary
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
9000
10000
1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Tuition fee and HEFCE funding in England 1996-2018
Tuition Fee HEFCE UoR
Current students, on average, will owe more than
£50,000
in fee and maintenance loans upon graduation.
(Principal only)
https://www.ifs.org.uk/publications/9334
What can we do?
• Fees
• Room and Board
• Books and Supplies
• Personal Expenses
• Transportation
What can we do?
• Fees
• Room and Board
• Books and Supplies
• Personal Expenses
• Transportation
A 2010 NUS survey indicates
that the average student will
spend around
£1000
on books & materials each
academic year.
https://www.nus.org.uk/en/advice/money-and-funding/average-costs-of-living-and-study/
What do you think about the cost of textbooks?
What do you think about the cost of textbooks?
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0d6HTN6llgo
“Due to caring responsibilities at home, most
of my study is done at home in the evening,
when my children are in bed. Therefore I
cannot use the university library to study.”
“Material changes every year so it’s difficult to
find useful second hand copies.”
“There are more recommended reading books
than I can afford to buy or have time to read.”
“They are extremely useful, but expensive
considering the fact that we pay £9000 tuition
fees.”
“When 6 subjects have 5-10 books on the
‘suggested reading’ list, it becomes impossible
to obtain all of them.”
“Text books are ridiculously priced. They are
aimed at students but are completely out of
their price range. £100 for one book!”
Quotes from UWE Students
Rolfe, V. Could open textbooks improve the experience of all students?
Coping with the Cost
• Purchase an older edition of the textbook
• Delay purchasing the textbook
• Never purchase the textbook
• Share the textbook with other students, either
directly or via the library.
• Download textbooks from the internet
–U of MN Student
"I figured French hadn't changed that
much.”
Have you ever delayed purchasing a textbook because of cost?
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rjaTJC8zZJ4
7/10
students surveyed hadn’t bought a required
textbook due to cost.
http://www.slideshare.net/txtbks/open-education-and-solving-the-textbook-cost-crisis
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-4IswNs0WWE
The Academic Impact
• 80% thought purchasing textbooks was an important
part of their studies
• 88% of students claimed to have skipped purchasing a
textbook because of the price.
• 9% claimed to have changed their course because of
the cost of books associated with it.
Rolfe, V. Could open textbooks improve the experience of all students?
2012 2016
63.6% 66.5% Not purchase the required textbook
49.2% 47.6% Take fewer courses
45.1% 45.5% Not register for a specific course
33.9% 37.6% Earn a poor grade
26.7% 26.1% Drop a course
17.0% 19.8% Fail a course
In your academic career, has the cost of
required textbooks caused you to:
http://www.openaccesstextbooks.org/pdf/2012_Florida_Student_Textbook_Survey.pdf
Other models…
Where does the funding come from?
Universities (SUNY, Umass Amherst,
Portland State, …)
Foundations (Hewlett, Gates, …)
Governments (state, federal)
Institutional Consortia (CALI)
All Rights
Reserved
Some Rights
Reserved
Plus…
With Creative Commons licenses, you
are free to…
Copy Mix
Share Keep
Edit Use
open.umn.edu
1 1 9 10
39
133
378
489
0
40
80
120
160
200
240
280
320
360
400
440
480
520
1.0-1.5 1.5-2.0 2.0-2.5 2.5-3.0 3.0-3.5 3.5-4.0 4.0-4.5 4.5-5.0
Reviews
Ratings
Open Textbook Reviews
12 Peer Reviewed Studies of
Perceptions of OER Quality
http://openedgroup.org/
5,201 Professors and Students
http://openedgroup.org/
50%
Same35%
Better
15%
Worse
http://openedgroup.org/
13 Peer Reviewed Studies of Efficacy
http://openedgroup.org/
119,720 Students
http://openedgroup.org/
95% Same or Better Outcomes
http://openedgroup.org/
Introductory, algebra-based, two-semester
college physics
1272 pages
Available in
PDF
ePub
Print
Web
Bookshare (accessible)
Instructor solution manual
Powerpoint slides
Examples of Customizing
PM4ID
What can we do?
What can we do?
• Take a look! (open.umn.edu)
• Write a review!
• Adopt if a book meets the needs of you and your
students
• Raise awareness - talk with colleagues in your
program and department
Writing a Review
Is there is a textbook in the Open Textbook Library that
fits your class and/or expertise?
Stipend will be paid for:
1. attending this workshop, and
2. reviewing a textbook in the Open Textbook Library
Writing a Review
1. You will receive an email with a link to the online
review form.
2. Complete a concise review by 20 February 2018.
3. The review will be posted on the Open Textbook
Library under an open license.
4. A £150 voucher will be paid.
1) Write a review (receive a £150
voucher)
2) Adopt a book to use with students
and be part of our project evaluation
3) Be part of our open textbook
community – subscribe to the blog
(ukopentextbooks.org), follow us on
Twitter
4) Contact Beck for any queries
(@BeckPitt or Beck.Pitt@open.ac.uk)
What next?
Beck Pitt Beck.Pitt@open.ac.uk @BeckPitt
Rob Farrow Rob.Farrow@open.ac.uk @philosopher1978
Slides: https://www.slideshare.net/BeckPitt
Open Textbook Library: open.umn.edu
UK Open Textbook Project: http://ukopentextbooks.org
By David Ernst and modified by Beck Pitt & Vivien Rolfe as part of the UK Open Textbooks project. This work is licensed
under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

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Open Textbooks Workshop: The Open University

  • 1. Open Textbooks Access, Affordability, and Academic Success The Open University, 9 January 2018 Beck Pitt, IET/LTI: @BeckPitt Rob Farrow, IET/LTI: @philosopher1978 By David Ernst and modified by Beck Pitt & Vivien Rolfe as part of the UK Open Textbooks project. This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
  • 2. “…higher education shall be equally accessible to all”
  • 3. 20% of all UK students who start a degree course will not complete it. https://www.hesa.ac.uk/data-and-analysis/performance-indicators/non-continuation-summary
  • 4. 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 9000 10000 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Tuition fee and HEFCE funding in England 1996-2018 Tuition Fee HEFCE UoR
  • 5. Current students, on average, will owe more than £50,000 in fee and maintenance loans upon graduation. (Principal only) https://www.ifs.org.uk/publications/9334
  • 6. What can we do? • Fees • Room and Board • Books and Supplies • Personal Expenses • Transportation
  • 7. What can we do? • Fees • Room and Board • Books and Supplies • Personal Expenses • Transportation
  • 8. A 2010 NUS survey indicates that the average student will spend around £1000 on books & materials each academic year. https://www.nus.org.uk/en/advice/money-and-funding/average-costs-of-living-and-study/
  • 9.
  • 10. What do you think about the cost of textbooks?
  • 11. What do you think about the cost of textbooks? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0d6HTN6llgo
  • 12. “Due to caring responsibilities at home, most of my study is done at home in the evening, when my children are in bed. Therefore I cannot use the university library to study.” “Material changes every year so it’s difficult to find useful second hand copies.” “There are more recommended reading books than I can afford to buy or have time to read.” “They are extremely useful, but expensive considering the fact that we pay £9000 tuition fees.” “When 6 subjects have 5-10 books on the ‘suggested reading’ list, it becomes impossible to obtain all of them.” “Text books are ridiculously priced. They are aimed at students but are completely out of their price range. £100 for one book!” Quotes from UWE Students Rolfe, V. Could open textbooks improve the experience of all students?
  • 13. Coping with the Cost • Purchase an older edition of the textbook • Delay purchasing the textbook • Never purchase the textbook • Share the textbook with other students, either directly or via the library. • Download textbooks from the internet
  • 14. –U of MN Student "I figured French hadn't changed that much.”
  • 15. Have you ever delayed purchasing a textbook because of cost? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rjaTJC8zZJ4
  • 16. 7/10 students surveyed hadn’t bought a required textbook due to cost. http://www.slideshare.net/txtbks/open-education-and-solving-the-textbook-cost-crisis
  • 18. The Academic Impact • 80% thought purchasing textbooks was an important part of their studies • 88% of students claimed to have skipped purchasing a textbook because of the price. • 9% claimed to have changed their course because of the cost of books associated with it. Rolfe, V. Could open textbooks improve the experience of all students?
  • 19. 2012 2016 63.6% 66.5% Not purchase the required textbook 49.2% 47.6% Take fewer courses 45.1% 45.5% Not register for a specific course 33.9% 37.6% Earn a poor grade 26.7% 26.1% Drop a course 17.0% 19.8% Fail a course In your academic career, has the cost of required textbooks caused you to: http://www.openaccesstextbooks.org/pdf/2012_Florida_Student_Textbook_Survey.pdf
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  • 29. Where does the funding come from? Universities (SUNY, Umass Amherst, Portland State, …) Foundations (Hewlett, Gates, …) Governments (state, federal) Institutional Consortia (CALI)
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  • 42. With Creative Commons licenses, you are free to… Copy Mix Share Keep Edit Use
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  • 49. 1 1 9 10 39 133 378 489 0 40 80 120 160 200 240 280 320 360 400 440 480 520 1.0-1.5 1.5-2.0 2.0-2.5 2.5-3.0 3.0-3.5 3.5-4.0 4.0-4.5 4.5-5.0 Reviews Ratings Open Textbook Reviews
  • 50. 12 Peer Reviewed Studies of Perceptions of OER Quality http://openedgroup.org/
  • 51. 5,201 Professors and Students http://openedgroup.org/
  • 53. 13 Peer Reviewed Studies of Efficacy http://openedgroup.org/
  • 55. 95% Same or Better Outcomes http://openedgroup.org/
  • 56. Introductory, algebra-based, two-semester college physics 1272 pages Available in PDF ePub Print Web Bookshare (accessible) Instructor solution manual Powerpoint slides
  • 58.
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  • 61. PM4ID
  • 62. What can we do?
  • 63. What can we do? • Take a look! (open.umn.edu) • Write a review! • Adopt if a book meets the needs of you and your students • Raise awareness - talk with colleagues in your program and department
  • 64. Writing a Review Is there is a textbook in the Open Textbook Library that fits your class and/or expertise? Stipend will be paid for: 1. attending this workshop, and 2. reviewing a textbook in the Open Textbook Library
  • 65. Writing a Review 1. You will receive an email with a link to the online review form. 2. Complete a concise review by 20 February 2018. 3. The review will be posted on the Open Textbook Library under an open license. 4. A £150 voucher will be paid.
  • 66. 1) Write a review (receive a £150 voucher) 2) Adopt a book to use with students and be part of our project evaluation 3) Be part of our open textbook community – subscribe to the blog (ukopentextbooks.org), follow us on Twitter 4) Contact Beck for any queries (@BeckPitt or Beck.Pitt@open.ac.uk) What next?
  • 67. Beck Pitt Beck.Pitt@open.ac.uk @BeckPitt Rob Farrow Rob.Farrow@open.ac.uk @philosopher1978 Slides: https://www.slideshare.net/BeckPitt Open Textbook Library: open.umn.edu UK Open Textbook Project: http://ukopentextbooks.org By David Ernst and modified by Beck Pitt & Vivien Rolfe as part of the UK Open Textbooks project. This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Editor's Notes

  1. http://www.e-ir.info/author/stephen-mcglinchey/
  2. https://creativecommons.org
  3. Plus…
  4. In terms of student and teacher perceptions of OER, 2,717 students and 2,484 faculty members were surveyed across the nine peer-reviewed studies. Approximately 50% said that the OER resources were as good as traditional resources, 35% said the OER were superior and 15% said they were inferior. Allen, I., Seaman, J. (2014). Opening the Curriculum: Open Educational Resources in U.S. Higher Education, 2014. Bliss, T., Robinson, T. J., Hilton, J., & Wiley, D. (2013). An OER COUP: College teacher and student perceptions of Open Educational Resources. Journal of Interactive Media in Education, 1–25. Bliss, T., Hilton, J., Wiley, D., Thanos, K. (2013). The cost and quality of open textbooks: Perceptions of community college faculty and students. First Monday, 18:1. Feldstein, A., Martin, M., Hudson, A., Warren, K., Hilton, J., & Wiley, D. (2012). Open textbooks and increased student access and outcomes. European Journal of Open, Distance and E-Learning. Retrieved from http://www.eurodl.org/index.php?p=archives&year=2012&halfyear=2&article=533. Gil, P., Candelas, F., Jara, C., Garcia, G., Torres, F (2013). Web-based OERs in Computer Networks. International Journal of Engineering Education, 29(6), 1537-1550. (OA preprint). Hilton, J., Gaudet, D., Clark, P., Robinson, J., & Wiley, D. (2013). The adoption of open educational resources by one community college math department. The International Review of Research in Open and Distance Learning, 14(4), 37–50. Lindshield, B., & Adhikari, K. (2013). Online and campus college students like using an open educational resource instead of a traditional textbook. Journal of Online Learning & Teaching, 9(1), 1–7. Petrides, L., Jimes, C., Middleton‐Detzner, C., Walling, J., & Weiss, S. (2011). Open textbook adoption and use: Implications for teachers and learners. Open learning, 26(1), 39-49, Pitt, R., Ebrahimi, N., McAndrew, P., & Coughlan, T. (2013). Assessing OER impact across organisations and learners: experiences from the Bridge to Success project. Journal of Interactive Media in Education, 2013(3). Jhangiani, R. S., Pitt, R., Hendricks, C., Key, J., & Lalonde, C. (2016). Exploring faculty use of open educational resources at British Columbia post-secondary institutions. BCcampus Research Report. Victoria, BC: BCcampus. https://bccampus.ca/files/2016/01/BCFacultyUseOfOER_final.pdf, Pitt, R. (2015). Mainstreaming Open Textbooks: Educator Perspectives on the Impact of OpenStax College open textbooks. The International Review of Research in Open And Distributed Learning, 16(4). http://www.irrodl.org/index.php/irrodl/article/view/2381/3497  and CA OER Whitepaper
  5. In terms of student and teacher perceptions of OER, 2,717 students and 2,484 faculty members were surveyed across the nine peer-reviewed studies. Approximately 50% said that the OER resources were as good as traditional resources, 35% said the OER were superior and 15% said they were inferior. Allen, I., Seaman, J. (2014). Opening the Curriculum: Open Educational Resources in U.S. Higher Education, 2014. Bliss, T., Robinson, T. J., Hilton, J., & Wiley, D. (2013). An OER COUP: College teacher and student perceptions of Open Educational Resources. Journal of Interactive Media in Education, 1–25. Bliss, T., Hilton, J., Wiley, D., Thanos, K. (2013). The cost and quality of open textbooks: Perceptions of community college faculty and students. First Monday, 18:1. Feldstein, A., Martin, M., Hudson, A., Warren, K., Hilton, J., & Wiley, D. (2012). Open textbooks and increased student access and outcomes. European Journal of Open, Distance and E-Learning. Retrieved from http://www.eurodl.org/index.php?p=archives&year=2012&halfyear=2&article=533. Gil, P., Candelas, F., Jara, C., Garcia, G., Torres, F (2013). Web-based OERs in Computer Networks. International Journal of Engineering Education, 29(6), 1537-1550. (OA preprint). Hilton, J., Gaudet, D., Clark, P., Robinson, J., & Wiley, D. (2013). The adoption of open educational resources by one community college math department. The International Review of Research in Open and Distance Learning, 14(4), 37–50. Lindshield, B., & Adhikari, K. (2013). Online and campus college students like using an open educational resource instead of a traditional textbook. Journal of Online Learning & Teaching, 9(1), 1–7. Petrides, L., Jimes, C., Middleton‐Detzner, C., Walling, J., & Weiss, S. (2011). Open textbook adoption and use: Implications for teachers and learners. Open learning, 26(1), 39-49, Pitt, R., Ebrahimi, N., McAndrew, P., & Coughlan, T. (2013). Assessing OER impact across organisations and learners: experiences from the Bridge to Success project. Journal of Interactive Media in Education, 2013(3). Jhangiani, R. S., Pitt, R., Hendricks, C., Key, J., & Lalonde, C. (2016). Exploring faculty use of open educational resources at British Columbia post-secondary institutions. BCcampus Research Report. Victoria, BC: BCcampus. https://bccampus.ca/files/2016/01/BCFacultyUseOfOER_final.pdf, Pitt, R. (2015). Mainstreaming Open Textbooks: Educator Perspectives on the Impact of OpenStax College open textbooks. The International Review of Research in Open And Distributed Learning, 16(4). http://www.irrodl.org/index.php/irrodl/article/view/2381/3497  and CA OER Whitepaper
  6. In terms of student and teacher perceptions of OER, 2,717 students and 2,484 faculty members were surveyed across the nine peer-reviewed studies. Approximately 50% said that the OER resources were as good as traditional resources, 35% said the OER were superior and 15% said they were inferior. Allen, I., Seaman, J. (2014). Opening the Curriculum: Open Educational Resources in U.S. Higher Education, 2014. Bliss, T., Robinson, T. J., Hilton, J., & Wiley, D. (2013). An OER COUP: College teacher and student perceptions of Open Educational Resources. Journal of Interactive Media in Education, 1–25. Bliss, T., Hilton, J., Wiley, D., Thanos, K. (2013). The cost and quality of open textbooks: Perceptions of community college faculty and students. First Monday, 18:1. Feldstein, A., Martin, M., Hudson, A., Warren, K., Hilton, J., & Wiley, D. (2012). Open textbooks and increased student access and outcomes. European Journal of Open, Distance and E-Learning. Retrieved from http://www.eurodl.org/index.php?p=archives&year=2012&halfyear=2&article=533. Gil, P., Candelas, F., Jara, C., Garcia, G., Torres, F (2013). Web-based OERs in Computer Networks. International Journal of Engineering Education, 29(6), 1537-1550. (OA preprint). Hilton, J., Gaudet, D., Clark, P., Robinson, J., & Wiley, D. (2013). The adoption of open educational resources by one community college math department. The International Review of Research in Open and Distance Learning, 14(4), 37–50. Lindshield, B., & Adhikari, K. (2013). Online and campus college students like using an open educational resource instead of a traditional textbook. Journal of Online Learning & Teaching, 9(1), 1–7. Petrides, L., Jimes, C., Middleton‐Detzner, C., Walling, J., & Weiss, S. (2011). Open textbook adoption and use: Implications for teachers and learners. Open learning, 26(1), 39-49, Pitt, R., Ebrahimi, N., McAndrew, P., & Coughlan, T. (2013). Assessing OER impact across organisations and learners: experiences from the Bridge to Success project. Journal of Interactive Media in Education, 2013(3). Jhangiani, R. S., Pitt, R., Hendricks, C., Key, J., & Lalonde, C. (2016). Exploring faculty use of open educational resources at British Columbia post-secondary institutions. BCcampus Research Report. Victoria, BC: BCcampus. https://bccampus.ca/files/2016/01/BCFacultyUseOfOER_final.pdf, Pitt, R. (2015). Mainstreaming Open Textbooks: Educator Perspectives on the Impact of OpenStax College open textbooks. The International Review of Research in Open And Distributed Learning, 16(4). http://www.irrodl.org/index.php/irrodl/article/view/2381/3497  and CA OER Whitepaper
  7. Across 13 academic studies that attempted to measure results pertaining to student learning (higher ed: 15784 treatment, 99,692 control, k12: 1805 treatment 2439 control) none showed results in which students who utilized OER performed worse than their peers who used traditional textbooks. Allen, G., Guzman-Alvarez, A., Molinaro, M., Larsen, D. (2015). Assessing the Impact and Efficacy of the Open-Access ChemWiki Textbook Project. Educause Learning Initiative Brief, January 2015. See also this newsletter. Bowen, W. G., Chingos, M. M., Lack, K. A., & Nygren, T. I. (2012). Interactive Learning Online at Public Universities: Evidence from Randomized Trials. Ithaka S+R. Bowen, W. G., Chingos, M. M., Lack, K. A., & Nygren, T. I. (2014). Interactive Learning Online at Public Universities: Evidence from a Six‐Campus Randomized Trial. Journal of Policy Analysis and Management, 33(1), 94-111. Feldstein, A., Martin, M., Hudson, A., Warren, K., Hilton, J., & Wiley, D. (2012). Open textbooks and increased student access and outcomes. European Journal of Open, Distance and E-Learning. Retrieved from http://www.eurodl.org/index.php?p=archives&year=2012&halfyear=2&article=533. Gil, P., Candelas, F., Jara, C., Garcia, G., Torres, F (2013). Web-based OERs in Computer Networks. International Journal of Engineering Education, 29(6), 1537-1550. (OA preprint) Hilton, J., Gaudet, D., Clark, P., Robinson, J., & Wiley, D. (2013). The adoption of open educational resources by one community college math department. The International Review of Research in Open and Distance Learning, 14(4), 37–50. Hilton, J., & Laman, C. (2012). One college’s use of an open psychology textbook. Open Learning: The Journal of Open and Distance Learning, 27(3), 201–217. Retrieved from http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/02680513.2012.716657. (Open Repository Preprint). Lovett, M., Meyer, O., & Thille, C. (2008). The open learning initiative: Measuring the effectiveness of the OLI statistics course in accelerating student learning. Journal of Interactive Media in Education, 2008 (1). Pawlyshyn, Braddlee, Casper and Miller (2013). Adopting OER: A Case Study of Cross-Institutional Collaboration and Innovation. Educause Review. Robinson, T.J. (2015). Open Textbooks: The Effects of Open Educational Resource Adoption on Measures of Post-secondary Student Success (Doctoral dissertation). Robinson T. J., Fischer, L., Wiley, D. A., & Hilton, J. (2014). The impact of open textbooks on secondary science learning outcomes. Educational Researcher, 43(7): 341-351. Wiley, D., Hilton, J. Ellington, S., and Hall, T. (2012). “A preliminary examination of the cost savings and learning impacts of using open textbooks in middle and high school science classes.” International Review of Research in Open and Distance Learning. 13 (3), pp. 261-276. This also includes Fischer et al (2015), Wiley et al. (EPAA) (2016), and Hilton et al. (IRRODL) (in press)
  8. Across 13 academic studies that attempted to measure results pertaining to student learning (higher ed: 15784 treatment, 99,692 control, k12: 1805 treatment 2439 control) none showed results in which students who utilized OER performed worse than their peers who used traditional textbooks. Allen, G., Guzman-Alvarez, A., Molinaro, M., Larsen, D. (2015). Assessing the Impact and Efficacy of the Open-Access ChemWiki Textbook Project. Educause Learning Initiative Brief, January 2015. See also this newsletter. Bowen, W. G., Chingos, M. M., Lack, K. A., & Nygren, T. I. (2012). Interactive Learning Online at Public Universities: Evidence from Randomized Trials. Ithaka S+R. Bowen, W. G., Chingos, M. M., Lack, K. A., & Nygren, T. I. (2014). Interactive Learning Online at Public Universities: Evidence from a Six‐Campus Randomized Trial. Journal of Policy Analysis and Management, 33(1), 94-111. Feldstein, A., Martin, M., Hudson, A., Warren, K., Hilton, J., & Wiley, D. (2012). Open textbooks and increased student access and outcomes. European Journal of Open, Distance and E-Learning. Retrieved from http://www.eurodl.org/index.php?p=archives&year=2012&halfyear=2&article=533. Gil, P., Candelas, F., Jara, C., Garcia, G., Torres, F (2013). Web-based OERs in Computer Networks. International Journal of Engineering Education, 29(6), 1537-1550. (OA preprint) Hilton, J., Gaudet, D., Clark, P., Robinson, J., & Wiley, D. (2013). The adoption of open educational resources by one community college math department. The International Review of Research in Open and Distance Learning, 14(4), 37–50. Hilton, J., & Laman, C. (2012). One college’s use of an open psychology textbook. Open Learning: The Journal of Open and Distance Learning, 27(3), 201–217. Retrieved from http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/02680513.2012.716657. (Open Repository Preprint). Lovett, M., Meyer, O., & Thille, C. (2008). The open learning initiative: Measuring the effectiveness of the OLI statistics course in accelerating student learning. Journal of Interactive Media in Education, 2008 (1). Pawlyshyn, Braddlee, Casper and Miller (2013). Adopting OER: A Case Study of Cross-Institutional Collaboration and Innovation. Educause Review. Robinson, T.J. (2015). Open Textbooks: The Effects of Open Educational Resource Adoption on Measures of Post-secondary Student Success (Doctoral dissertation). Robinson T. J., Fischer, L., Wiley, D. A., & Hilton, J. (2014). The impact of open textbooks on secondary science learning outcomes. Educational Researcher, 43(7): 341-351. Wiley, D., Hilton, J. Ellington, S., and Hall, T. (2012). “A preliminary examination of the cost savings and learning impacts of using open textbooks in middle and high school science classes.” International Review of Research in Open and Distance Learning. 13 (3), pp. 261-276. This also includes Fischer et al (2015), Wiley et al. (EPAA) (2016), and Hilton et al. (IRRODL) (in press)
  9. Across 13 academic studies that attempted to measure results pertaining to student learning (higher ed: 15784 treatment, 99,692 control, k12: 1805 treatment 2439 control) none showed results in which students who utilized OER performed worse than their peers who used traditional textbooks. Allen, G., Guzman-Alvarez, A., Molinaro, M., Larsen, D. (2015). Assessing the Impact and Efficacy of the Open-Access ChemWiki Textbook Project. Educause Learning Initiative Brief, January 2015. See also this newsletter. Bowen, W. G., Chingos, M. M., Lack, K. A., & Nygren, T. I. (2012). Interactive Learning Online at Public Universities: Evidence from Randomized Trials. Ithaka S+R. Bowen, W. G., Chingos, M. M., Lack, K. A., & Nygren, T. I. (2014). Interactive Learning Online at Public Universities: Evidence from a Six‐Campus Randomized Trial. Journal of Policy Analysis and Management, 33(1), 94-111. Feldstein, A., Martin, M., Hudson, A., Warren, K., Hilton, J., & Wiley, D. (2012). Open textbooks and increased student access and outcomes. European Journal of Open, Distance and E-Learning. Retrieved from http://www.eurodl.org/index.php?p=archives&year=2012&halfyear=2&article=533. Gil, P., Candelas, F., Jara, C., Garcia, G., Torres, F (2013). Web-based OERs in Computer Networks. International Journal of Engineering Education, 29(6), 1537-1550. (OA preprint) Hilton, J., Gaudet, D., Clark, P., Robinson, J., & Wiley, D. (2013). The adoption of open educational resources by one community college math department. The International Review of Research in Open and Distance Learning, 14(4), 37–50. Hilton, J., & Laman, C. (2012). One college’s use of an open psychology textbook. Open Learning: The Journal of Open and Distance Learning, 27(3), 201–217. Retrieved from http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/02680513.2012.716657. (Open Repository Preprint). Lovett, M., Meyer, O., & Thille, C. (2008). The open learning initiative: Measuring the effectiveness of the OLI statistics course in accelerating student learning. Journal of Interactive Media in Education, 2008 (1). Pawlyshyn, Braddlee, Casper and Miller (2013). Adopting OER: A Case Study of Cross-Institutional Collaboration and Innovation. Educause Review. Robinson, T.J. (2015). Open Textbooks: The Effects of Open Educational Resource Adoption on Measures of Post-secondary Student Success (Doctoral dissertation). Robinson T. J., Fischer, L., Wiley, D. A., & Hilton, J. (2014). The impact of open textbooks on secondary science learning outcomes. Educational Researcher, 43(7): 341-351. Wiley, D., Hilton, J. Ellington, S., and Hall, T. (2012). “A preliminary examination of the cost savings and learning impacts of using open textbooks in middle and high school science classes.” International Review of Research in Open and Distance Learning. 13 (3), pp. 261-276. This also includes Fischer et al (2015), Wiley et al. (EPAA) (2016), and Hilton et al. (IRRODL) (in press)
  10. https://openstax.org/details/books/college-physics