1. 1 Carbon Neutral Data Center Practices
May 2023
Webinar on Carbon
Neutral Data Center
Practices

2. 2
2 Carbon Neutral Data Center Practices
Speakers
Debraj Chakraborty
Principal Analyst,
Data Center Domain,
BIS Research
John-David Enright, Sr.
CEO of TMGcore Inc.

3. 3 LoRaWAN: A New Age of Agriculture IoT
Agenda
 Current Issues with Data Center Operations
 Introduction to Carbon Neutral Data Center
Practices
 Pathway to Carbon Neutrality
 Presentation of Guest Speaker
 Adoption Scenario and Future Outlook
 Challenges & Conclusion
 Q&A Session

4. 4 Carbon Neutral Data Center Practices
Current Issues with Data Center
Operations
• Energy Consumption and Efficiency:
• Data centers consume a large amount of energy,
causing significant operational costs and
environmental impacts.
• The constant need for power to keep servers
running and ensure uptime, as well as cooling and
power backup systems, contribute to high energy
consumption. This is further complicated by
inefficient use of energy in many traditional data
centers.
• Water Usage
• Water is a critical resource in many data center
cooling systems. Large data centers can consume
millions of gallons of water per day. This heavy
dependence on water presents a sustainability
challenge, especially in regions where water scarcity
is an issue.
• Carbon Footprint
• Data centers contribute to around 2% of the global
carbon emissions - a figure on par with the aviation
industry. These emissions result from both the direct
use of fossil fuel energy sources and the indirect
emissions associated with construction,
maintenance, and decommissioning of facilities.
Source :- BIS Research Analysis
* Denotes estimated values based on historical data
61 50 41 33 19 9
76
72 73 72
76
77
61
70 76 87 96 105
0
50
100
150
200
250
2018 2019 2020 2021 2022* 2023*
TWH
Energy Consumption Pattern For Date Centers
Enterprise Data Centers Colocation Data Centers Hyperscale Data
Water
Consumption
Hyperscale Colocation
Per day
450 kilo gallons (1.7 million
liters)
18 Kilo gallons (68 Kilo liters)
Per year
164 million gallons (622 million
liters)
6.57 million gallons (24.9 million
litres)

5. 5 Carbon Neutral Data Center Practices
Introduction to Carbon Neutral Data Centers
Source :- BIS Research Analysis
• The increasing energy demands and environmental
impact of Data Centers have led to the evolution of
Carbon Neutral Data Center Practices. These
innovative strategies aim at reducing the carbon
footprint, optimizing energy use, and promoting
environmental sustainability. This presentation
explores various green data center practices and their
contributions to achieving carbon neutrality.
• Ensuring carbon neutrality in data centers allow
organizations to reduce their carbon footprint while
fulfilling their digital infrastructure requirements.
Companies such as Google and Microsoft have
already pledged to go 100% carbon neutral for their
data centers.
• Carbon neutrality does not only mean sourcing energy
from renewable sources but also involves strategies to
increase operational efficiency to avoid unnecessary
wastage of power and other resources.
Global Data
Center Market
$249.7 Billion
Green Data
Center
Market
$28.5 Billion
Carbon
Neutral Data
Center
Market
$3.7 Billion
Particulars
Green
Data
Centers
Carbon Neutral
Data Centers
Energy Source
100%
renewable
100% renewable
Power Usage Effectiveness
(PUE)
1.4 or less 1.2 or less*
Carbon Usage Effectiveness
(CUE) CO2e/kWh
0.19 or
less
no carbon
emission
Particulars
Green
Data
Centers
Carbon Neutral
Data Centers
Energy Source
100%
renewable
100% renewable
Power Usage Effectiveness
(PUE)
1.4 or less 1.2 or less*
Carbon Usage Effectiveness
(CUE) CO2e/kWh
0.19 or
less
no carbon
emission

6. 6
6 Carbon Neutral Data Center Practices
 Pathway to Carbon Neutrality
• More emphasis is given to
Green data centers
• Carbon neutral data center
accounts for only 1%-2%
share of the total data
center industry
• Almost all the data centers might
get a green certification except
the data centers in lower growth
regions such as South America
and Middle East & Africa
• Market adoption of immersion
cooling techniques will get boost
due to the reduction of HFC
consumption.
• Government policies
along with further
amendments in climate
agreements may push
the entire industry to
adopt carbon neutrality.
• Green Data center will have
higher penetration rate and may
even account for almost 50% of
the total market
• Carbon Neutral data centers will
be deployed successfully in the
colder regions of the world such
as Nordic countries, Parts of
China, Japan, etc
• Almost all the Cloud and
hyperscale operators may
achieve 100% carbon negative
status as promised by Google,
Microsoft, Facebook and AWS
Current
Scenario
2026-2030 2036 and Beyond
2020-2025 2031-2035

7. 7 LoRaWAN: A New Age of Agriculture IoT
Mail : jd.enright@tmgcore.com
Liquid Immersion Cooling

8. 8
8 Carbon Neutral Data Center Practices
About
•What We do?
•How We do it?
•How TMG Core is Making and Impact?

9. 9
9 Carbon Neutral Data Center Practices
Why Liquid Immersion Cooling
• Liquid and immersion cooling are revolutionary
techniques that use non-conductive liquid for
cooling data center hardware.
• Instead of using traditional air conditioning,
servers are submerged into special coolants
which absorb the heat and keep them cool.
• Example: Green Revolution Cooling's ICEraQ
system has been effectively reducing energy
consumption by up to 95%.
•
• The adoption of such solutions is particularly
evident in countries like the United States, China,
and Japan.
1.02
3.90
0.33
1.77
0.00
1.00
2.00
3.00
4.00
5.00
6.00
2022 2027
$Billion
Global Direct Liquid Cooling Market, 2022 and
2028
Direct-to-Chip Immersion
Liquid cooling has the potential to reduce energy consumption by 40-50% and it exponentially reduces the
water consumption. Immersion cooling does not require water to operate thus diminishing the demand for
water in data centers.
Source :- BIS Research Analysis

10. 10
10 Carbon Neutral Data Center Practices
Impact of Liquid Cooling in Data Center Operations
Source :- BIS Research Analysis

11. 11
11 Carbon Neutral Data Center Practices
Other Key Technology
• Floating Data Centers
• Waste Heat Utilization
• Small Modular Reactors for data Centers
• In Campus Renewable Energy Production

12. 12 Carbon Neutral Data Centers Practices
Other Key Technology
Floating Data Centers
• Microsoft's Project Natick: Microsoft tested an underwater data center off
Scotland's Orkney Islands.
• Nautilus Data Technologies: Nautilus launched a water-cooled data center barge
in Stockton, California.
• In April, 2023, Keppel Data Centres received approval to go ahead with its plans
for a floating data center park in Singapore.
• French startup Denv-R is gearing up to deploy its first prototype floating data
center in Nantes.
Waste Heat Utilization
• Amazon Web Services (AWS) in Stockholm, Sweden: AWS data center uses
waste heat to warm homes in the city.
• Yandex in Mäntsälä, Finland: The waste heat from Yandex's data center is used
to heat the homes in the local community during the cold winter months.
• Fortlax in Piteå, Sweden: Fortlax's waste heat is used to heat local buildings,
including a school and apartments.
• Stockholm Data Parks, Sweden: This initiative by the city of Stockholm
encourages data center operators to set up in specific areas where the waste
heat can be funneled back into the city's heating system.
• IBM Research in Zurich, Switzerland: IBM's research laboratory uses waste heat
from its data center to heat the building.
Small Modular Reactors For Data Centers
• NuScale Power: A US-based company that has designed a light-water reactor-
based SMR.
• Holtec SMR, LLC: Another US-based company developing an SMR design called
SMR-160.
• Westinghouse: They are developing their eVinci Micro Reactor, which is a type
of SMR.
• GE Hitachi Nuclear Energy: This company is developing an SMR design called
BWRX-300.
• Rolls-Royce: The UK-based company is known for developing an SMR design as
part of a UK consortium.
In Campus Renewable Energy Production
1,683
671 501 402
1,023
440
424
360
544
0
500
1,000
1,500
2,000
2,500
3,000
Google Facebook Amazon Microsoft QTS Realty Trust
MW
Leading Companies Using Renewable Energy
Solar Wind
Source :- IEA and BIS Research Analysis

13. 13 Carbon Neutral Data Center Practices
Adoption Scenario and Future Outlook
Currently only 2% of the worlds data centers are Partially or completely Carbon Neutral. Majority of
these Data Centers are present in Iceland, and the Nordic Region
More than 200 Companies are operating in the ecosystem. These companies include Data centre
component manufactures, cooling solution providers, data center developers and owners, IT
infrastructure vendors, SMR developers and Liquid suppliers,
Based on BIS Research findings Immersion Cooling Market is expected to grow at a staggering
rate of 40.12% in next 5 years in all applications
All the Data Centers in the Country are 100% Carbon Neutral. Scandinavian countries such as
Denmark, Norway, Sweden, and Finland are becoming data Center hotspots outside FLAP.
2% Adoption
200
40.12%CAGR
Iceland

14. 14
14 Carbon Neutral Data Center Practices
Adoption Scenario and Future Outlook-2
Key Country
• The country has 10 Colocation Data centers with 11th under construction.
• The entire country runs on 100% renewable energy with a mix of hydroelectric and geothermal energy.
• The weather is naturally cold which allows free cooling to be deployed.
• All the data centers in the region are 100% Carbon Neutral in operation.
• Key Companies Such Advania and Verne Global Operate their Data Centers in the Country.
36
218
582
908
1234
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
2014 2016 2018 2020* 2022*
GWh
Data Center Capacity in Iceland
Source :- National Energy Authority of Iceland and BIS Research Analysis

15. 15
15 Carbon Neutral Data Center Practices
Adoption Scenario and Future Outlook-3
Timeline for Technology Adoption
2025-2030
• Commissioning new Floating Data
Center Facilities
• Reusing Heat in almost all
Scandinavian Data Centers
2030-2035
• Immersion Cooling being
Adopted by 1/3rd of the total
Data Center Capacity
2035-2040
• Small Modular Reactors gets
Commercialized for Data
Center Usage
Beyond 2040
• Large Data Centers running on
Immersion cooling
• Average industry PUE reached
to 1.01
• Modular Data Center
outnumber Large Hyperscale
Data Centers
Current
• Increasing Adoption of
Immersion Cooling
Technologies
• In Campus Renewable
Energy Production

16. 16
16 Carbon Neutral Data Center Practices
Key Challenges to Address
• Cost of Implementation
• Availability of technology
• Carbon Neutrality not an immediate concern for Data
Centers in some regions
• Limited Awareness

17. 17 Carbon Neutral Data Center Practices www.bisresearch.com
Data Center Research Titles
Published Titles
• Carbon Neutral Data Center
Market
• Data Center Liquid Cooling
Market
• Data Center Cooling Market
Upcoming Titles
• Data Center Immersion Cooling
Fluid Market
• Floating Data Center Market
Short Study on Current
Developments and future
scenarios
• Small Modular Reactors for Data
Center Market
• Adiabatic Cooling for Data Center
Market

18. 18
18 Carbon Neutral Data Center Practices
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19. 19 LoRaWAN: A New Age of Agriculture IoT
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20. 20 Carbon Neutral Data Center Practices www.bisresearch.com
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21. 21
21 Carbon Neutral Data Center Practices
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