2. LYDIA ELOISE HALLLYDIA ELOISE HALL
Care, Core and CureCare, Core and Cure
Presented byPresented by
Bahadur AliBahadur Ali
11stst
year MScNyear MScN
Dow University Of Health SciencesDow University Of Health Sciences

3. OBJECTIVESOBJECTIVES
At end of this presentation audience will be able toAt end of this presentation audience will be able to
 Look into background of Lydia E Hall.Look into background of Lydia E Hall.
 Know Hall's theory assertions.Know Hall's theory assertions.
 Discuss theory overview.Discuss theory overview.
 Understand 3 Cs (core, care & cure)Understand 3 Cs (core, care & cure)
 Define Hall's nursing paradigms.Define Hall's nursing paradigms.
 Major assumptionsMajor assumptions
 Discuss strengths and weaknesses.Discuss strengths and weaknesses.
 Application of Hall's theoryApplication of Hall's theory

4. LYDIA ELOISE HALLLYDIA ELOISE HALL
(1906-1969)(1906-1969)

5. LYDIA ELOISE HALLLYDIA ELOISE HALL
 Was born in new York cityWas born in new York city
on 21on 21stst
sept 1906.sept 1906.
 Basic nursing education inBasic nursing education in
1927.1927.
 Bachelor in public healthBachelor in public health
nursing in 1937.nursing in 1937.
 Master's in teachingMaster's in teaching
Natural sciences in 1942.Natural sciences in 1942.
 First director of leob centreFirst director of leob centre
for nursing.for nursing.
 Nursing experience inNursing experience in
clinical, education,clinical, education,
research and supervisorresearch and supervisor
role.role.

6. Theoretical Assertion
Lydia E Hall believed that patientLydia E Hall believed that patient
outcomes are improved by direct care asoutcomes are improved by direct care as
given by the professional nurse. She stoodgiven by the professional nurse. She stood
against the turning over of care when aagainst the turning over of care when a
patient is stabilized to practical nurses andpatient is stabilized to practical nurses and
argued against the concept of teamargued against the concept of team
nursing. She saw nursing as interactingnursing. She saw nursing as interacting
with the person, called "the core," thewith the person, called "the core," the
body, called "the care," and the disease,body, called "the care," and the disease,
called "the cure."called "the cure."

7. RN-CARE MODEL
 In 1962 In her Loeb center she hired,In 1962 In her Loeb center she hired,
““only licensed Nurses”.only licensed Nurses”.
 Loeb was run by nurses, had all RN staff and medicine served only asLoeb was run by nurses, had all RN staff and medicine served only as
an ancillary service. Hall increased staffing during evening and nightan ancillary service. Hall increased staffing during evening and night
shift and hired no nursing aides. The only auxiliary staff she hiredshift and hired no nursing aides. The only auxiliary staff she hired
were called messenger-attendants with a ratio of two RNs to onewere called messenger-attendants with a ratio of two RNs to one
messenger and who, “get fired if they ever try to substitute for amessenger and who, “get fired if they ever try to substitute for a
nurse”.nurse”.
 In today world of evidence-based medicine it seems that Lydia Hall’sIn today world of evidence-based medicine it seems that Lydia Hall’s
theory has vanished from American nursing,theory has vanished from American nursing, with one exception--
Hahnemann Hospital--which in 2012 brought back all-RN care.which in 2012 brought back all-RN care.

8. THEORY OVERVIEWTHEORY OVERVIEW
 Theory developed in late 1960`s.Theory developed in late 1960`s.
 Nursing care can be delivered on three interlockingNursing care can be delivered on three interlocking
levels.levels.
 Cure = Disease.Cure = Disease.
 Care = BodyCare = Body
 Core = Patient.Core = Patient.
 Defined nursing as care performed by trained nurses.Defined nursing as care performed by trained nurses.
 Care focused on maintaining optimal health andCare focused on maintaining optimal health and
quality life from birth to end of life.quality life from birth to end of life.
 Care is ongoing matrix of learning and teaching.Care is ongoing matrix of learning and teaching.

9. 3 CIRCLES (3Cs)3 CIRCLES (3Cs)

10. The CareThe Care
 Nurturing component of care and is exclusive to nursing.Nurturing component of care and is exclusive to nursing.
 Motherly care and comfort of patient.Motherly care and comfort of patient.
 Provides teaching and learning activities.Provides teaching and learning activities.
 Nurses goal is to give care and comfort to the patient.Nurses goal is to give care and comfort to the patient.
 Nurses provides bodily care for the patient.Nurses provides bodily care for the patient.
 Patient may explore and share feelings with the nurse.Patient may explore and share feelings with the nurse.
 When functioning in the care circle, the nurses applyWhen functioning in the care circle, the nurses apply
knowledge of the natural and biological sciences.knowledge of the natural and biological sciences.
 The patient views the nurse as potential comforter, one whoThe patient views the nurse as potential comforter, one who
provides care and comfort through the lying of hands.provides care and comfort through the lying of hands.

11. The CoreThe Core
 Patient care is based on social sciences.Patient care is based on social sciences.
 Involves therapeutic use of self and is shared withInvolves therapeutic use of self and is shared with
other team members.other team members.
 By developing interpersonal relationship with theBy developing interpersonal relationship with the
patient, the nurse is able to help the patient verballypatient, the nurse is able to help the patient verbally
express feelings regarding the disease process and itsexpress feelings regarding the disease process and its
effects.effects.
 Patient is able to gain self-identity and furtherPatient is able to gain self-identity and further
develop maturity.develop maturity.
 Patient is able to make conscious decision.Patient is able to make conscious decision.

12. The Cure
 Cure based on pathological and therapeutic sciences.Cure based on pathological and therapeutic sciences.
 Application of medical knowledge by nurses.Application of medical knowledge by nurses.
 Nurse assisting the doctors in performing differentNurse assisting the doctors in performing different
procedures.procedures.
 Nurse is patient advocate in this circle.Nurse is patient advocate in this circle.
 The cure aspect is different from the care circle becauseThe cure aspect is different from the care circle because
many of nurse's actions changes from a negative quality ofmany of nurse's actions changes from a negative quality of
avoidance of pain rather than a positive quality of comfort.avoidance of pain rather than a positive quality of comfort.
 Nurses role changes to positive quality to negative quality.Nurses role changes to positive quality to negative quality.

14. Interaction of all three aspectsInteraction of all three aspects
 Emphasis placed on the importance of totalEmphasis placed on the importance of total
person.person.
 Importance placed on all three aspectsImportance placed on all three aspects
together.together.
 All three aspects interact and changes in size.All three aspects interact and changes in size.

15. Hall's Nursing ParadigmHall's Nursing Paradigm
 IndividualIndividual
 HealthHealth
 nursingnursing

16. INDIVIDUALINDIVIDUAL
 Persons who are more than 16 years old and in
the long-term illness are the focus of Hall's
wok.
 Hall emphasizes the importance of an
individual as unique, capable of growth,
learning and requiring a total person approach.

17. HEALTHHEALTH
 Inferred to be a state of self-awareness withInferred to be a state of self-awareness with
conscious selection of behaviors.conscious selection of behaviors.
 Hall stresses the need to help the personHall stresses the need to help the person
explore the meaning of his or her behavior toexplore the meaning of his or her behavior to
identify and overcome problems throughidentify and overcome problems through
developing self-identity and maturity.developing self-identity and maturity.

18. NURSINGNURSING
 Identifies and consisting participation in theIdentifies and consisting participation in the
care, core and cure aspects of patient care.care, core and cure aspects of patient care.
 Care is the sole function of nurses.Care is the sole function of nurses.
 Major purpose of care is to achieve anMajor purpose of care is to achieve an
interpersonal relationship with the individual.interpersonal relationship with the individual.

19. AssumptionsAssumptions
 The motivation and energy necessary forThe motivation and energy necessary for
healing exist within the patient, ratherhealing exist within the patient, rather
than in the health care team.than in the health care team.
 The three aspects of nursing should not beThe three aspects of nursing should not be
viewed as functioning independently butviewed as functioning independently but
as interrelated.as interrelated.
 The three aspects interact, and the circlesThe three aspects interact, and the circles
representing them change size, dependingrepresenting them change size, depending
on the patient’s total course of progress.on the patient’s total course of progress.

20. StrengthsStrengths
 The use of the terms care, core,The use of the terms care, core,
and cure are unique to Hall.and cure are unique to Hall.
 Hall’s work appears to beHall’s work appears to be
completely and simply logical.completely and simply logical.

21. WeaknessWeakness
 Acute stage patients are not included.Acute stage patients are not included.
 Only applicable to adult patients.Only applicable to adult patients.
 Only tool of therapeutic communication is reflection.Only tool of therapeutic communication is reflection.
 Family mentioned only in cure circle.Family mentioned only in cure circle.
 Only related to those who are ill.Only related to those who are ill.

22. Application
 In Geriatric Nursing.In Geriatric Nursing.
 In Operation Room.In Operation Room.
 In Critical Care Unit.In Critical Care Unit.
 In Dialysis UnitIn Dialysis Unit

24. REFERENCESREFERENCES
 http://www.truthaboutnursing.org/press/pioneers/lydihttp://www.truthaboutnursing.org/press/pioneers/lydi
a_hall.html#ixzz2rezuRHtia_hall.html#ixzz2rezuRHti
 http://nursingtheories.info/lydia-eloise-hall-nursing-http://nursingtheories.info/lydia-eloise-hall-nursing-
theory-care-core-cure-model/theory-care-core-cure-model/
 http://nursing-theory.org/theories-and-models/hall-http://nursing-theory.org/theories-and-models/hall-
care-cure-core-theory-of-nursing.phpcare-cure-core-theory-of-nursing.php
 http://nursingtheories.weebly.com/lydia-e-hall.htmlhttp://nursingtheories.weebly.com/lydia-e-hall.html