3. Lay out of Presentation
TO KNOW ….
About Trial set
A to Z about trial frame & trial lenses
Accessories of trial set
Basic idea about uses of accessories
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4. Trial Box
Trial Box is a clinical examination used by orthoptists,
optometrists and ophthalmologists to determine a
patient’s need for refractive correction, in the form of
glasses or contact lenses. The aim is to improve current
unaided vision or vision with current glasses.
Trial set mainly consists of positive and negative sphere
lens, positive and negative cylinder lens, prism lens and
accessory lens etc. According to different usage, there're
basically 68 lens set, 90 lens set, 104 lens set, 158 lens
set, 232 lens set and 266 lens set.
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6. TRIAL FRAME
TRIAL LENS
PRISM
OTHER ACCESSORIES
PLANO LENS
RED AND GREEN FILTER
MADDOX ROD
STENOPIC SLIT
OCCLUDER
PIN HOLE
JACKSON CROSS CYLINDER
NEAR VISION CHART
Accessories Of Trial Set
7. Trial frame an eyeglass frame
designed to permit insertion of
different lenses used in correcting
refractive errors of vision.
4-5 compartments
1st - High powered Lens
2nd - spherical lens
3rd - cylindrical lens
4th - accessory lens & prisms
TRIAL FRAME
8. FULL APERTURE FRAME : Accommodates up
to five, 38mm lenses for each eye. Independent
screw adjustments for PD of 48 to 80mm.
REDUCED APERTURE FRAME: It holds up to
four, 38mm lenses for each eye. Accessories
may be easily inserted and extracted.
HALF EYE TRIAL FRAME : Half eye trial
frame with nosepiece for child. PD of 54 to
58mm & Available for adults with PD 59 to 67
mm.
TYPES TRIAL FRAME
10. TRIAL LENS
FULL APERTURE LENSES :
Approximately 38 mm diameter.
Biconvex or biconcave form.
REDUCED APERTURE LENSES :Lenses
of 20 mm diameter mounted in the
metal rim of 38 mm diameter. It also
Biconvex or biconcave form .
During refraction the practitioner utilize a set of
known lenses called as Trial lenses.
11. • All meridians have same power.There are (±) 32/40
pairs of spherical lens in plus & minus power.
POWER RANGE IN SPHERICAL(IEH)
Pair of positive lenses ranging (±)0.12 to 20.00DSP
0.12 DSP
0.25 DSP to 4.00 DSP in 0.25 steps
4.00 DSP to 6.00 DSP in 0.50 steps
6.00 DSP to 14.00 DSP in 1.00 steps
14.00 DSP to 20.00 DSP in 2.00 steps
POWER RANGE IN SPHERICAL (An Ideal)
0.25 DSP to 6.00 DSP in 0.25 steps
6.00 DSP to 10.00 DSP in 0.50 steps
10.00 DSP to 16.00 DSP in 1.00 steps
16.00 DSP to 20.00 DSP in 2.00 steps
SPHERICAL LENSES
12. For spherical ametropia
For hand neutralization
Checking the
refracting error
USES SPHERICAL LENSES
13. Power lies in one meridian. Axis meridian is
marked on rim of the lenses. (±) 20 pairs of CYL
Lenses.
POWER RANGE IN CYLINDER LENSES(IEH)
Pair of negative lenses ranging (±) 0.12 to 6.00D
0.12 CYL
0.25 CYL to 3.50 CYL in 0.25 steps
3.50 CYL to 6.00 CYL in 0.50 steps
POWER RANGE IN CYLINDER LENSES(An Ideal)
0.12 CYL
0.25 CYL to 4.00 CYL in 0.25 steps
4.00 CYL to 6.00 CYL in 0.50 steps
CYLINDRICAL LENSES
14. For hand neutralization
For correction of
astigmatism
For checking the
refractive error
USES CYLINDRICAL LENSES
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15. Prism is a refractive medium having two plane surfaces
inclined at an angle. Principle :- “1 prism diopters
produces displacement of the image at 1 cm when the
object is situated at the distance at 1m.” Its For the
measurement and correction of the angle of deviation &
Correct & measure Strabismus . 10 /12 pcs
Power range of :
½(0.5)D
1- 6.00D in 1D steps
6- 12.00D in 2D steps
PRISM
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16. PLANO LENS
RED AND GREEN FILTER
MADDOX ROD
STENOPAIC SLIT
OCCLUDER
PIN HOLE
JACKSON CROSS CYLINDER
NEAR VISION CHART
ACCESSORIES
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17. Zero power 1/2 pcs lens
It is used for satisfy &
identify the malingering
patients.
PLANO POWER LENS
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18. Red-Green filters
Red in RE & Green in LE
Used for color dissociation
Used to find out
suppression of eyes
To find out diplopia
To worth 4 dot test &
FRIEND test
Used to measure the
Fusion , squint
Red-Green filters also
used to cheek colour sense
of the retina before cat Sx.
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19. Maddox Rod
It is made up of several
series of high plus
Plano cylindrical lenses.
5-6 cylinders of red,white
or green glass prisms.
Its help ……
To detect heterophoria
-To detect cyclophoria
-To detect orthophoria
As macular function test.
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20. Stenopic Slit
The stenopic slit found in all
the trial sets is 1-2 mm by 15-35
mm in size. It splits an opaque
disc into two halves. It is
useful in finding out the axis
of the cylinder . Black opaque
disc with vertical / horizontal
straight slit at centre To
differentiate causes of haloes
Fincham’s test
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21. It is an opaque plastic disc
Occlude one eye
To relax accommodation
Used to dissociate fusion &
Used to close one eye ,while
the other eye can be tested for
visual acuity.
CCLUDER
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22. Opaque disc with pinhole of
1-2 mm diameter in its centre.
Allows only a pencil of light
pass through the corneas.
Helps to determine whether
eye has refractive or
pathological errors.
Pinhole of 1.32 mm is more
effective.
Usually available pinhole is
1mm in ordinary trial set.
Pin Hole Disc
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23. Jackson Cross Cylinder
JCC used to find used to determine the
cylindrical axis and the cylindrical power
for the patient.
In a cross-cylinder the axes are 45 and 135
degree.
We turn the axis 5 degrees towards it and
the opposite if the patient wears a negative
one instead. Principle: spherical
equivalent is zero
Used to determine both power & axis of
the astigmatic correction
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24. • It is was introduced by
Snellen.It is a photographic
reduction of Snellen’s
distant chart.
Uses :-
Mainly used for visual
acuity.
Also used to measure the
near point of
accommodation.
Record near vision @ 33 cm
to 40cm, N6 is normal vision
@ near.
NEAR VISION CHART
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25. Take Home Messages
Trial Box is a clinical examination
used by orthoptists, optometrists
and ophthalmologists.
240 & 266 pcs lens set is ideal.
Trial frame has 4-5 compartments
SPH : All meridians have same power
CYL: Power lies in one meridian
Thickest Side is the Base of prism
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26. References
Khurana. (2008). Theory and Practice of Optics
and Refraction (2nd ed.)
Clinical Procedures in Optometry
A Hand Book of Basic Optometry & Refraction
http://medical-
dictionary.thefreedictionary.com.
Picture : Me + Internet (Google)
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