Behaviorsm Theory presentation slides. Its introduction on founders, experiments by watson, skinner and Application in current day situation.

1. BEHAVIORISM
LEARNING THEORY
KML 6023 PSYCHOLOGY OF LEARNING FOR INSTRUCTION
Awang Jamalludin Fadzillah 15030157

2. Keywords
• Classic Conditioning (Pavlov)
• Operant Conditioning (Skinner)
• Stimulus-Response(S-R)
• Generalization, Discrimination, Extinction

3. Assumptions
• All species of animals learn in similar (equal ways
with the same guiding principles
• Organisms are blank slates at birth
• To understand learning processes, focus on
stimulus and responses
• Internal process should be excluded from the
study of learning.
• Learning is evidenced by a behavior change
• Learning is a result of environmental events

4. What’s it About
• Originated with the work of John B Watson(1878-1958)
• Inspired by Pavlov’s Classical Conditioning.
• Believed that psychology should not be concerned with the
Mind of Mental process but Behavior.
• Rejected INTROPECTION or Self Inspection as unreliable&
unscientific
BEHAVIOUR IS WHAT WE SEE & THEREFORE
BEHAVIOUR IS WHAT WE STUDY

5. Behaviorist believe..
• Behavior should be studied because it could be dealt
directly.
• Mental events (thoughts, feelings, intentions, mental
process) do not determine what we do.
OUR BEHAVIOUR IS THE PRODUCT OF
OUR CONDITIONING

6. Types of Conditioning..
• Classical conditioning: addresses learning of involuntary
responses.
For example when the smell of moms cooking makes our mouth
water in delight
• Operant conditioning: addresses learning of voluntary
responses.
For example when the sound of a school bell a makes us run to
avoid being caught by school prefects or the principal

7. Watson Experiments..
• Watson and Rosalie Rayner (1920) experimented on CLASSIC
CONDITIONING
• Believed that human emotion product of heredity &
experience
• We inherit 3 emotions (FEAR/RAGE/LOVE)
• Through Conditioning, these emotions become attached to
different thing for different people.
• Any human can be conditioned to do anything regardless of
attitude, abilities or experience.
• Involved an 11month old infant Albert and a white rat.

8. Little Albert
Before Conditioning
White Rat (US) No Fear touch(UR)
During Conditioning
White Rat (US) +
Cries avoids touching (UR)
Loud NOISE !!! (US)
After Conditioning
White Rat (CS) Cries avoids touching (CR)
Not Little Albert

9. Classical Conditioning
Examples
• Hear bee sounds (US) No Fear (UR)
• Bee Sound (US)+Stung(CS) Pain + Fear/cringe (UR)
• Bee Sound (CS) Fear /cringe (CR)
Other things that freak me out..
Guys with bush cutters..
Whats Yours?
Generalization (all flying insects)
Discrimination(just bees)
Extinction (over time with UR) Get over it

10. Skinner Experiments..
• Testing Watson’s and Pavlov’s theories
• Rejected that organisms are passive and no control whether to
act or not to act.
• OPERANT CONDITIONING – states we choose to behave
because it brings about certain consequences(+ve/-ve)
• Does not agree that emotions or feelings play any part in
determine behavior
• REINFORCEMENTS are defined as any event (stimulus) that
increases the probability of Response.
REINFORCEMENT
PUNISHMENT
Positive (you do = reward)
Negative (you don’t want = so you do)
If you do = Youre gonna get it (so wont do again)

11. Skinner’s Box

12. Skinner’s Box
• Hungry mouse in a box with bar connected to food dispenser
Mouse touch bar (US) Food comes out (+ve reinforcement)
Mouse repeatedly touch bar more Food comes out (+ve)
Removes Food Dispenser
Mouse touch bar (CS) again No food (-ve reinforcement) (removed)
Mouse repeatedly touch bar no Food comes out …(-ve)
Mouse undergoes extinction with no reinforcement . Stops touching
Replace Food Dispenser
Mouse touch bar Food comes out (+ve) in lesser time
Mouse has LEARNED to “operate”
Classic Conditioning
Operant Conditioning

13. Skinner’s Box
Mouse sees red light(stimuli) touch bar Gets
shocked!(PUNISHED)
Mouse sees green lights touch bar Gets food (+ve)
Mouse sees red light Resents from doing anything to
avoid being “Punished”.
Mouse sees green light (stimuli) touch bar(behavior)
Gets food(+ve)
Goes on using lights (stimulus) and electric
shocks(PUNISHMENT) and food(+ve reinforcement)

14. Operant Conditioning
Examples
• Positive Reinforcement – Do well in your work ..BONUS
• Negative Reinforcement – Seat Belt Warning Buzzer/Sound
• PUNISHMENT- You don’t Finish your work, No Ice Cream

15. • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qy_mIEnnlF4
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EWyZHSZf3TM
A few more examples

16. Lets Discuss…
Mimi’s wassapp image

17. What these Experiment Shows
• OUR EMOTIONAL REACTIONS CAN BE REARRANGED
THROUGH CLASSICAL & OPERANT CONDITIONING
• EMOTIONS SUCH AS FEAR COULD BE ‘TRANSFERRED’ TO AN
ORGANISM
SIGNIFICANCE
• It implies if fear is learned, it is possible to unlearn or
extinguish them (Hergenhahn & Olson 1997)
• In clinical psychology, conditioning used for curing Phobias or
anxiety disorders, fear of an object or situation

18. Learning Application
• the teacher MUST be active in getting the behavior they
wish from their students.
• if the teacher is not actively involved, they will not
regularly see the behavior they wish or be certain the
behavior was learned.
• if a student does not learn (demonstrate the behavior)
then the teacher did not teach it.
THANK YOU VERY MUCH