glass only glass

2. • Glass is an amorphousamorphous solid material which is
usually brittlebrittle and optically transparentoptically transparent.
• Glass is composed of sand, soda ash, cullet,
silicon, aluminum, boron, potassium, zinc etc.

3. • Pharmaceutical container is defined as a device
that holds the pharmaceutical formulations and it
may or may not be in direct contact with the
formulation.

4. • It must be neutral and not react with the materials
it is holding.
• It must maintain stability by resisting
environmental factors.
• It must be simply designed for dose withdrawal.
• The material must be resistance to temperature
and pressure of sterilization.
• Closure must be easily removable and replaced.

5. Glass is commonly used in pharmaceutical
packaging because it possesses:
• Superior protection
• It’s economical
• Chemically inert
• Has FDA clearance
• Is an excellent barrier against practically all
elements
• Doesn’t deteriorate with time

6. TYPES OF
GLASSES
TYPE-I
Borosilicate glass
TYPE-II
Treated soda-lime
glass
TYPE-III
Soda-lime glass
TYPE-IV
(NP)

7. Highly resistance glassHighly resistance glass, a substantial part of the
alkali and earth cations are replaced by boron
and/or aluminum and zinc.
The addition of about 6% boron6% boron to form
borosilicate glass reduces the leaching action, so
that only 0.5 ppm0.5 ppm is dissolved in a year.
Suitable for parenteralparenteral usage.

8. This type of glass is formed by removal of surface
alkali by treatment with sulfur di-oxide,sulfur di-oxide,
ammonium sulfate or ammonium chlorideammonium sulfate or ammonium chloride to
prevent “weathering” or “blooming”.weathering” or “blooming”.
The glass is treated with the above said
chemicals at an elevated temperatureelevated temperature.
This makes the surface resistant and the alkali
removed appears on surface as blooms.

9. Containers are made of untreated commercial
soda-lime glass.
Chemical resistance is average or better then
average.
Suitable for storage of anhydrous parenteral
products.

10. These are made of plane soda- lime.
They are used for storage of oral and topical use.